Although elite women were by definition a small, select group, they played important social and cultural roles and were intimately involved in the transmission of status and property and elite strategies of survival and recruitment. Honor, on both the personal and family levels, was of central concern to the elite and those who hoped to join its ranks. In the eyes of the elite, honor was linked to social standing and to virtue. To be honorable, the Hispanic social code called for women to be pure and sexually beyond reproach, publicly discrete, and timid in their behavior. A woman who failed to fulfill these norms was shameless. Her conduct not only defiled her own honor but also that of her husband, or that of her family. This code both linked the protection of a woman's honor to that of her kin and their present and future claim to an exalted social position and required that women be watched over by men.