Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T10:03:16.119Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in the Philosophy of Biology

The Darwinian Revolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2019

Michael Ruse
Michael Ruse
Affiliation:
Florida State University

Summary

What is the Darwinian revolution and why is it important for philosophers? These are the questions tackled in this Element. In four sections, the topics covered are the story of the revolution, the question of whether it really was a revolution, the nature of the revolution, and the implications for philosophy, both epistemology and ethics.
Get access

Keywords

philosophy of science
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in the Philosophy of Biology
Online ISBN: 9781108672047
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 25 April 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Agassiz, L. 1859. Essay on Classification. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts and Trubner.Google Scholar
Anon, . 1860a. Natural selection. All the Year Round 3 (63): 293–299.Google Scholar
Anon, . 1860b. Species. All the Year Round 3 (58): 174–178.Google Scholar
Arendt, H. 1976. Totalitarianism: Part Three of the Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt.Google Scholar
Balfour, A. 1895. The Foundations of Belief. New York: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Barrett, P. H., Gautrey, P. J., Herbert, S., Kohn, D., and Smith, S., eds. 1987. Charles Darwin’s Notebooks, 1836–1844. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bates, H. W. [1863]1892. The Naturalist on the River Amazon. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Beecher, H. W. 1885. Evolution and Religion. New York: Fords, Howard, and Hulbert.Google Scholar
Bergson, H. 1907. L’évolution créatrice. Paris: Alcan.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. J. 1983. The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinism Evolution Theories in the Decades around 1900. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. J. 1988. The non-Darwinian Revolution: Reinterpreting a Historical Myth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. J. 1989. The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. J. 2005. Revisiting the eclipse of Darwinism. Journal of the History of Biology 38: 19–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowler, P. J. 2013. Darwin Deleted: Imagining a World without Darwin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, R. 1953. Scientific Explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Browne, J. 1995. Charles Darwin: Voyaging. Volume I of a Biography. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Browne, J. 2002. Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume II of a Biography. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Burchfield, J. D. 1975. Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. New York.: Science History Publications.Google Scholar
Burroughs, E. R. [1912] 1914. Tarzan of the Apes. Chicago: McClurg.Google Scholar
Callebaut, W. 1993. Taking the Naturalistic Turn. Chicago.: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Chambers, R. 1844. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. London: J. Churchill.Google Scholar
Chambers, R. 1846. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, 5th ed.London: J. Churchill.Google Scholar
Clifford, W. K. 1901. Body and Mind (from Fortnightly Review). In Stephen, L. and Pollock, F., eds., Lectures and Essays of the Late William Kingdom Clifford. 2: 1–51. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Collins, H. M. 1981. Stages in the empirical program of relativism. Introduction. Social Studies of Science 11: 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comstock, J. H. 1893. Evolution and taxonomy. The Wilder Quarter Century Book, 37–114. Ithaca: Comstock Publishing.Google Scholar
Cunningham, S. 1996. Philosophy and the Darwinian Legacy. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. 1813. Essay on the Theory of the Earth. Trans. Robert, Kerr. Edinburgh:, W. Blackwood.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. 1817. Le règne animal distribué d’aprés son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Paris.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1844. Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1851a. A Monograph of the Fossil Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain. London: Palaeontographical Society.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1851b. A Monograph of the Sub-Class Cirripedia, with Figures of All the Species. The Lepadidae; or Pedunculated Cirripedes. London: Ray Society.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1854a. A Monograph of the Fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great Britain. London: Palaeontographical Society.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1854b. A Monograph of the Sub-Class Cirripedia, with Figures of All the Species. The Balanidge (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidae, and C. London: Ray Society.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1861. Origin of Species, 3rd ed. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1862. On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids Are Fertilized by Insects, and On the Good Effects of Intercrossing. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1868. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. London: Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. 1985-. The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, C., and Wallace, A. R.. 1958. Evolution by Natural Selection. Foreword by Gavin de Beer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, E. [1794–1796]1801. Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, 3rd ed. London: J. Johnson.Google Scholar
Darwin, E. 1803. The Temple of Nature. London: J. Johnson.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. 1986. The Blind Watchmaker. New York.: Norton.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. 2006. The God Delusion. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt.Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. 2006. Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Disraeli, B. [1847] 1871. Tancred. New York: Appleton.Google Scholar
Dixon, E. S. 1862. A vision of animal existences. Cornhill Magazine 5 (27): 311–318.Google Scholar
Fodor, J., and Piattelli-Palmarini, M.. 2010. What Darwin Got Wrong. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.Google Scholar
Goodwin, B. 2001. How the Leopard Changed Its Spots, 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1977. Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1981. The Mismeasure of Man. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1988. On replacing the idea of progress with an operational notion of directionality. In Nitecki, M. H., ed., Evolutionary Progress (pp. 319–338). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton Co.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J., and Lewontin, R. C.. 1979. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 205: 581–598.Google Scholar
Greene, J. C. 1981. The Kuhnian Paradigm and the Darwinian Revolution in Natural History. In Science, Ideology and World View. Essays in the History of Evolutionary Ideas, 30–59. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Greene, J. C., and Ruse, M.. 1996. On the nature of the evolutionary process: The correspondence between Theodosius Dobzhansky and John C. Greene. Biology and Philosophy 11: 445–491.Google Scholar
Hardy, T. 1994. Collected Poems. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Poetry Library.Google Scholar
Hempel, C. G. 1965. Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York.: Free Press.Google Scholar
Hempel, C. G. 1966. Philosophy of Natural Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Herschel, J. F. W. 1830. Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman.Google Scholar
Hull, D. L., ed. 1973. Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hull, D. L. 1974. The Philosophy of Biological Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hume, D. 1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. [1859] 1893. The Darwinian hypothesis. Times, December 26. Reprinted in Huxley, Collected Essays: Darwiniana. London: Macmillan, 1–21.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. [1893] 2009. Evolution and Ethics, ed. with an Introduction by Ruse, Michael. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1889. Genesis of the Arietidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 16 (3): 1–238.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A., and Arms, J. M.. 1890. Guides for Science-Teaching. No. VIII. Insecta. Boston: D.C. Heath.Google Scholar
James, W. 1907. Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking. New York: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Kant, I. [1788] 1898. Critique of Practical Reason, trans. T. K. Abbott. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Kant, I. [1790] 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment, ed. Guyer, P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kellogg, V. L. 1905. Darwinism Today. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Kirby, W., and Spence, W.. 1815–1828. An Introduction to Entomology: or Elements of the Natural History of Insects. London: Longman, Hurst, Reece, Orme, and Brown.Google Scholar
Kropotkin, P. 1902. Mutual Aid: A Factor in Evolution. Boston: Extending Horizons Books.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. 1977. The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, T. 1993. Metaphor in science. In Ortony, Andrew, ed., Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed. (pp. 533–542). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakatos, I., and Musgrave, A.. 1970. Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J-B. 1809. Philosophie zoologique. Paris: Dentu.Google Scholar
Larson, E. J. 1997. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. [1941] 1982. Kant’s Lehre vom a priorischen im Lichte geganwartiger Biologie. ‘Blatter fur Deutsche Philosophie’ 15: 94–125. Translated and reprinted as: Kant’s doctrine of the ‘a priori’ in the light of contemporary biology. H. C. Plotkin, ed., Learning, Development, and Culture; Essays in Evolutionary Epistemology, 121–143. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, A. O. 1936. The Great Chain of Being. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lucas, J. R. 1979. Wilberforce and Huxley: A legendary encounter. Historical Journal 22: 313–330.Google Scholar
Mackie, J. L. 1977. Ethics. Harmondsworth, Mddx.: Penguin.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: Printed for J. Johnson, In St. Paul’s Church-Yard. Reprint 1966, New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. [1826] 1914. An Essay on the Principle of Population, 6th ed. London: Everyman.Google Scholar
Mayhew, R. J. 2014. Malthus: The Life and Legacies of an Untimely Prophet. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. 1995. Genes, memes, and minds. New York Review of Books 42 (19): 46–48.Google Scholar
Mayr, E. 1969. Commentary. Journal of the History of Biology 2, 123–128.Google Scholar
McMullin, E. 1983 . Values in science. PSA 1982, ed. Asquith, P. D. and Nickles, T., pp. 3-28, East Lansing, MI.: Philosophy of Science Association.Google Scholar
Müller, J. F. T. 1879. Ituna and Thyridia: A remarkable case of mimicry in butterflies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London: 2029.Google Scholar
Naden, C. 1999. Poetical Works of Constance Naden. Kernville, CA.: High Sierra Books.Google Scholar
Nagel, E. 1961. The Structure of Science, Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar
Nagel, T. 1979. Mortal Questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nagel, E. 2012. Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Noll, M. 2002. America’s God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nowak, M. A., Tarnita, C. E., and Wilson, E. O.. 2010. The evolution of eusociality. Nature 466: 1057–1062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Numbers, R. L. 2006. The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design. Expanded ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Osborn, H F. 1896. Ontogenic and phylogenic variation. Science 4: 786–789.Google Scholar
Owen, R. 1849. On the Nature of Limbs. London: Voorst.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, R. 1866. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrates. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Paley, W. [1802] 1819. Natural Theology (Collected Works: IV). London: Rivington.Google Scholar
Peirce, C. S. 1955. Philosophical Writings of Peirce, ed. Buchler, J.. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Pence, C. H. 2018. Sir John F.W. Herschel and Charles Darwin: Nineteenth-century science and its methodology. HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 8: 108–140.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. 2011. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. 2018. Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Plantinga, A. 1991. When faith and reason clash: Evolution and the Bible. Christian Scholar’s Review 21 (1): 8–32. Reprinted in D. Hull and M. Ruse, eds., The Philosophy of Biology (pp. 674–697). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Plantinga, A. 2011. Where the Conflict Really Lies: Science, Religion, and Naturalism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. 1959. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Poulton, E. B. 1890. The Colours of Animals. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Truebner.Google Scholar
Powell, B. 1855. Essays on the Spirit of the Inductive Philosophy. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.Google Scholar
Provine, W. B. 1971. The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, H. 1982. Why reason can’t be naturalized. Synthese 52: 3–23.Google Scholar
Quine, W V O. 1969. Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsey, G., and De Block, A.. 2017. Is cultural fitness hopelessly confused? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 68: 305–328.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rhees, R., ed. 1981. Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Richards, R. 2013. Sexual selection. In Ruse, M., ed., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Richards, R. J. 1987. Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Richards, R. J. 2003. The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Richards, R. J., and Ruse, M.., eds. 2008. The Cambridge Companion to the “Origin of Species.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Richards, R. J., and Ruse., M.. 2016. Debating Darwin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudwick, M. J. S. 1972. The Meaning of Fossils. New York: Science History Publications.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1973. The Philosophy of Biology. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1979. The Darwinian Revolution: Science Red in Tooth and Claw. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1980. Charles Darwin and group selection. Annals of Science 37: 615–630.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1981. What kind of revolution occurred in geology? PSA 1978, 2: 240–273. East Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1986. Taking Darwin Seriously: A Naturalistic Approach to Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ruse, M., ed. 1988. But Is It Science? The Philosophical Question in the Creation/Evolution Controversy. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 1996. Monad to Man: The Concept of Progress in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruse, M. 2003. Darwin and Design: Does Evolution Have a Purpose? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2006. Darwinism and Its Discontents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2008. Charles Darwin. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ruse, M., ed. 2009. Philosophy after Darwin: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2010. Science and Spirituality: Making Room for Faith in the Age of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2012. The Philosophy of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M., ed. 2013a. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2013b. The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2015. Atheism: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2017a. Darwinism as Religion: What Literature Tells Us About Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2017b. On Purpose. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. 2018. The Problem of War: Darwinism, Christianity, and Their Battle to Understand Human Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M., and Richards, R. J., eds. 2017. The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruse, M, and Wilson, E. O.. 1985. The evolution of morality. New Scientist 1478: 108–128.Google Scholar
Ruse, M, and Wilson, E. O.. 1986. Moral philosophy as applied science. Philosophy 61: 173–192.Google Scholar
Russell, B. 1914. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. Chicago: Open Court.Google Scholar
Russell, B. 1959. My Philosophical Development. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Russell, E. S. 1916. Form and Function: A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Sebright, J. 1809. The Art of Improving the Breeds of Domestic Animals in a Letter Addressed to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K.B. London: Privately published.Google Scholar
Secord, J. A. 2000. Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception, and Secret Authorship of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Shapere, D. 1964. The structure of scientific revolutions. Philosophical Review 73: 383–394.Google Scholar
Sidgwick, H. 1876. The theory of evolution in its application to practice. Mind 1: 52–67.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1944. Tempo and Mode in Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1949. The Meaning of Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1953. The Major Features of Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, P. 1972. Famine, affluence and morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1: 229–243.Google Scholar
Smith, A. [1776] 1937. The Wealth of Nations. New York: Modern Library.Google Scholar
Sober, E. 1984. The Nature of Selection. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press.Google Scholar
Sober, E. 2011. Did Darwin Write the “Origin” Backwards? Philosophical Essays on Darwin’s Theory. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Sober, E., and Wilson, D. S.. 1998. Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. 1852. A theory of population, deduced from the general law of animal fertility. Westminster Review 1: 468–501.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. 1857. Progress: Its law and cause. Westminster Review LXVII: 244–267.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. 1879. The Data of Ethics. London: Williams and Norgate.Google Scholar
Teilhard de Chardin, P. 1955. Le Phénomène Humain. Paris: Editions de Seuil.Google Scholar
Tennyson, A. [1850] 1973. In Memoriam. In Memoriam: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. Ed. Ross, R. H., 3–90. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Tennyson, A. 1998. The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson. London: Wordsworth.Google Scholar
Tutt, J. W. 1890. Melanism and melanochroism in British lepidoptera. The Entomologist’s Record, and Journal of Variation 1, no. 3: 49–56.Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. 1858. On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society, Zoology 3: 53–62.Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. 1870. Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. 1876. The Geographical Distribution of Animals 2 Vols. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Weldon, W. F. R. 1898. Presidential Address to the Zoological Section of the British Association. Transactions of the British Association., 887–902. Bristol.Google Scholar
Wells, H. G. [1895] 2005. The Time Machine. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Whewell, W. 1837. The History of the Inductive Sciences. London: Parker.Google Scholar
Whewell, W. 1840. The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. London: Parker.Google Scholar
Whewell, W. 1845. Indications of the Creator. London: Parker.Google Scholar
Whitcomb, J. C., and Morris, H. M.. 1961. The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications. Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Wiener, P. 1949. Evolution and the Founders of Pragmatism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 1975. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 1978. On Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 2014. The Meaning of Human Existence. New York: Liveright.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. 1922. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

The Darwinian Revolution
  • Michael Ruse, Florida State University
  • Online ISBN: 9781108672047
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

The Darwinian Revolution
  • Michael Ruse, Florida State University
  • Online ISBN: 9781108672047
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

The Darwinian Revolution
  • Michael Ruse, Florida State University
  • Online ISBN: 9781108672047
Available formats
×