Element contents
Publishing Scholarly Editions
Archives, Computing, and Experience
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 November 2021
Summary
Publishing Scholarly Editions offers new intellectual tools for publishing digital editions that bring readers closer to the experimental practices of literature, editing, and reading. After the Introduction (Section 1), Sections 2 and 3 frame intentionality and data analysis as intersubjective, interrelated, and illustrative of experience-as-experimentation. These ideas are demonstrated in two editorial exhibitions of nineteenth-century works: Herman Melville's Billy Budd, Sailor, and the anti-slavery anthology The Bow in the Cloud, edited by Mary Anne Rawson. Section 4 uses pragmatism to rethink editorial principles and data modelling, arguing for a broader conception of the edition rooted in data collections and multimedia experience. The Conclusion (Section 5) draws attention to the challenges of publishing digital editions, and why digital editions have failed to be supported by the publishing industry. If publications are conceived as pragmatic inventions based on reliable, open-access data collections, then editing can embrace the critical, aesthetic, and experimental affordances of editions of experience.
Keywords
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781108766739Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 02 December 2021
References
Ahnert, R., Ahnert, S. E., Coleman, C., and Weingart, S. B., The Network Turn (Cambridge University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Almas, B., Khazraee, E., Miller, M. T., and Westgard, J., ‘Manuscript Study in Digital Spaces: The State of the Field and New Ways Forward’, Digital Humanities Quarterly 12.2 (2018), http://digitalhumanities.org:8081/dhq/vol/12/2/000374/000374.html.Google Scholar
Antonini, A., Benatti, F., and Blackburn-Daniels, S., ‘On Links To Be’, 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (13–15 July 2020), Online, http://oro.open.ac.uk/70781/1/on%20links%20to%20be.pdf.Google Scholar
Aristotle, Rhetoric, ed. W. D. Ross (Clarendon Press, 1959), accessed on the Perseus Digital Library, ed. G. R. Crane, www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.Google Scholar
Audi, R. (ed.), ‘Ontological commitment’, in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Bardzell, J., Bardzell, S., and Blythe, M. A. (eds.), Critical Theory and Interaction Design (MIT Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Barnes, L., and Gatti, R., ‘The Cost of Open Access Books: A Publisher Writes’ (28 May 2020), http://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0173.0143.Google Scholar
Berners-Lee, T., ‘Hypertext and Our Collective Destiny’ (1995), www.w3.org/Talks/9510_Bush/Talk.html.Google Scholar
Beshero-Bondar, E., and Donovan-Condron, K., ‘Modelling Mary Russell Mitford’s Networks’, in A. O. Winckles and A. Rehbein (eds.), Women’s Literary Networks and Romanticism (Liverpool University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Blackwell, A., ‘What Does Digital Content Mean? Umberto Eco and The Open Work’, in Bardzell, Bardzell, and Blythe (eds.), Critical Theory and Interaction Design, pp. 167–86.Google Scholar
Blaney, J., Milligan, S., Steer, M., and Winters, J., Doing Digital History: A Beginner’s Guide to Working with Text as Data (University of Manchester Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Bodard, G., and Stoyanova, S., ‘Epigraphers and Encoders: Strategies for Teaching and Learning Digital Epigraphy’, in G. Bodard and M. Romanello (eds.), Digital Classics Outside the Echo-Chamber (Ubiquity Press, 2016), doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/bat.Google Scholar
Bodard, G., and Yordanova, P., ‘Publication, Testing and Visualization with EFES: A Tool for All Stages of the EpiDoc XML Editing Process’, Digitalia 65.1 (2020), https://doi.org/10.24193/subbdigitalia.2020.1.02.Google Scholar
Bode, K., ‘The Equivalence of “Close” and “Distant” Reading; or, Toward a New Object for Data-Rich Literary History’, Modern Language Quarterly 78.1 (2017), 77–106.Google Scholar
Bode, K., ‘Why You Can’t Model Away Bias’, Modern Language Quarterly 81.1 (2020), 95–124.Google Scholar
Bordalejo, B., ‘Digital versus Analogue Textual Scholarship or The Revolution Is Just in the Title’, Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures 7.1 (Spring 2018), 7–28.Google Scholar
Bowles, P., Conversations with Paul Bowles, ed. Caponi, G. (University Press of Mississippi, 1993).Google Scholar
Box, G. E. P., and Luceño, A., Statistical Control: By Monitoring and Feedback Adjustment (John Wiley & Sons, 1997).Google Scholar
Brandom, R., Between Saying and Doing: Toward an Analytic Pragmatism (Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Brentano, F., Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt [Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint] (Duncker & Humblot, 1874).Google Scholar
Brown, D., ‘William Lloyd Garrison, Transatlantic Abolitionism and Colonisation in the Mid Nineteenth Century: The Revival of the Peculiar Solution?’, Slavery and Abolition 33.2 (2012), 233–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, T., A True and Full Coppy of That Which Was Most Imperfectly and Surreptitiously Printed Before under the Name of: Religio Medici (London, 1643).Google Scholar
Bryant, J., The Fluid Text: A Theory of Revision and Editing for Book and Screen (University of Michigan Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Bryant, J., Melville Unfolding: Sexuality, Politics, and the Versions of Typee (University of Michigan Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Bryant, J., Kelley, W., and Ohge, C. (eds.), Versions of Billy Budd, Sailor, Melville Electronic Library (2019), https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/versions-of-billy-budd.html.Google Scholar
Burrows, J. F., ‘Textual Analysis’, in Schreibman, S., Siemens, R., and Unsworth, J. (eds.), A Companion to Digital Humanities (Blackwell, 2004), www.digitalhumanities.org/companion/.Google Scholar
Bushell, S., Text as Process: Creative Composition in Wordsworth, Tennyson and Emily Dickinson (University of Virginia Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Carroll, N., ‘Interpretation and Intention: The Debate between Hypothetical and Actual Intentionalism’, Metaphilosophy 31.1–2 (January 2000), 75–95.Google Scholar
Clement, T., Hagenmaier, W., and Knies, J. L., ‘Toward a Notion of the Archive of the Future: Impressions of Practice by Librarians, Archivists, and Digital Humanities Scholars’, Library Quarterly 83.2 (April 2013), 112–30.Google Scholar
Craig, E., Knowledge and the State of Nature: An Essay in Conceptual Synthesis (Oxford University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Crane, G., Bamman, D., Cerrato, L., Jones, A., Mimno, D., Packel, A., Sculley, D., and Weaver, G., ‘Beyond Digital Incunabula: Modeling the Next Generation of Digital Libraries’, Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Digital Libraries (2006), Perseus Project, Tufts, 353–66, http://hdl.handle.net/10427/36131.Google Scholar
Crymble, A., ‘Digital Library Search Preferences amongst Historians and Genealogists: British History Online User Survey’, Digital Humanities Quarterly 10.4 (2016), www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/10/4/000270/000270.html.Google Scholar
Crymble, A., Technology and the Historian: Transformations in the Digital Age (University of Illinois Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Cummings, J., ‘Opening the Book: Data Models and Distractions in Digital Scholarly Editing’, International Journal of Digital Humanities (July 2019), 179–93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42803-019-00016-6.Google Scholar
Daniels, J., and Thistlethwaite, P., ‘Being a Scholar in the Digital Era’, in J. Daniels and P. Thistlethwaite, Transforming Scholarly Practice for the Public Good (Policy Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Dasenbrock, R. W. (ed.), Literary Theory after Davidson (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Dekker, R., Bleeker, E., Buitendijk, B., Kulsdom, A., and Birnbaum, D., ‘TAGML: A Markup Language of Many Dimensions’, in Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2018 21 (2018), DOI: https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol21.HaentjensDekker01.Google Scholar
Deppmann, J., Ferrer, D., and Groden, M. (eds.), Genetic Criticism: Texts and Avant-textes (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Dewey, J., The Middle Works, 1899–1924, Volume 6: 1910–1911, ed. Boydston, J. A. (Southern Illinois University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Dewey, J., The Philosophy of John Dewey, ed. J. McDermott (University of Chicago Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Drucker, J. ‘Humanities Approaches to Graphical Display’, Digital Humanities Quarterly 5.1 (2011), http://digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/5/1/000091/000091.html.Google Scholar
Eco, U., ‘The Open Work (1989)’, trans. Cancogni, Anne, in Bardzell, Bardzell, and Blythe (eds.), Critical Theory and Interaction Design, pp. 145–66.Google Scholar
Eggert, P., Securing the Past (Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Eve, M., Close Reading with Computers: Textual Scholarship,Computational Formalism, and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas (Stanford University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Ezell, M. J. M., ‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy-Text’, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010), 102–9.Google Scholar
Fazi, M. B., Contingent Computation: Abstraction, Experience, and Indeterminacy in Computational Aesthetics (Rowman and Littlefield, 2018).Google Scholar
Ferguson, M., Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, 1670–1834 (Routledge, 1992; 2014 reprint).Google Scholar
Franzini, G., Terras, M., and Mahony, S., ‘Digital Editions of Text: Surveying User Requirements in the Digital Humanities’, Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (February 2019), https://doi.org/10.1145/3230671.Google Scholar
Gabler, H. W., Text Genetics and Literary Modernism (OpenBook Publishers, 2018), https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0120.Google Scholar
Garcia, T. S., ‘Working Together: The Digital World and English Studies’, English Association Blog, 25 February 2019, www2.le.ac.uk/offices/english-association/news-1/working-together-the-digital-world-and-english-studies-by-tiago-sousa-garcia.Google Scholar
Gil, A., ‘How (and Why) to Generate a Static Website Using Jekyll, Part 1’, Chronicle of Higher Education, 31 August 2015, www.chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/jekyll1/60913.Google Scholar
Goldstone, A., ‘Teaching Quantitative Methods: What Makes It Hard (in Literary Studies)’, Debates in the Digital Humanities (2018), https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3G44SKG.Google Scholar
Grafton, A., Inky Fingers: The Making of Books in Early Modern Europe (Harvard University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Greetham, D. C. (ed.), Scholarly Editing: A Guide to Research (Modern Language Association of America, 1995).Google Scholar
Greetham, D. C., ‘Textual Forensics’, PMLA 111.1 (January 1996), 32–51, https://doi.org/10.2307/463132.Google Scholar
Grimstad, P., Experience and Experimental Writing: Literary Pragmatism from Emerson to the Jameses (Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Hancher, M., ‘Three Kinds of Intention’, Modern Language Notes 87 (December 1972), 827–51.Google Scholar
Hirst, R., ‘The Making of The Innocents Abroad: 1867–1872’ (PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1975).Google Scholar
Hooks, A. G., and Lesser, Z. (eds.), Shakespeare Census (created 2018). www.shakespearecensus.org.Google Scholar
Housman, A. E., ‘The Application of Thought to Textual Criticism’, Proceedings of the Classical Association 18 (London, 1921), 67–84.Google Scholar
Howard-Hill, T. H., ‘W. W. Greg as Bibliographer’, Textual Cultures 4.2 (Autumn 2009), 63–75.Google Scholar
Huzzey, R., Freedom Burning: Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian Britain (Cornell University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Hyman, W., ‘The Inner Lives of Renaissance Machines’, in Curran, K. (ed.), Renaissance Personhood: Materiality, Taxonomy, Process (Edinburgh University Press, 2020), 44–61.Google Scholar
James, W., and McDermott, J. J. (ed.), The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition (University of Chicago Press, 1977).Google Scholar
Kestenbaum, V., The Grace and Severity of the Ideal: John Dewey and the Transcendent (University of Chicago Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Lamarque, P., ‘Wittgenstein, Literature, and the Idea of a Practice’, British Journal of Aesthetics 50 (2010), 375–88.Google Scholar
Lavagnino, J., ‘Access’, Literary and Linguistic Computing 24.1 (2009), 63–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqn038.Google Scholar
Maes, H., ‘Intention, Interpretation, and Contemporary Visual Art’, British Journal of Aesthetics 50.2 (April 2010), 121–38.Google Scholar
Manns, J., ‘Intentionalism in John Dewey’s Aesthetics’, Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 23.3 (Summer, 1987), 411–23.Google Scholar
McCarty, W., ‘Modelling the Actual, Simulating the Possible’, in J. Flanders and F. Jannidis (eds.), The Shape of Data in Digital Humanities: Modeling Texts and Text-Based Materials (Routledge, 2018).Google Scholar
McDaniel, C., The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists and Transatlantic Reform (Louisiana State University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
McGann, J., A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism (University of Virginia Press, 1992).Google Scholar
McKenzie, D. F., Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Melville, H., Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Uncompleted Writings, eds., Hayford, H., MacDougall, A. A., R. A. Sandberg, and G. T. Tanselle, Volume 13 of The Writings of Herman Melville (Northwestern University Press and the Newberry Library, 2017).Google Scholar
Melville, H., The Piazza Tales and Other Prose Pieces, 1839–1860, eds., Hayford, H., MacDougall, A. A., and Tanselle, G. T., Volume 9 of The Writings of Herman Melville (Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1987).Google Scholar
Melville, H., Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, eds., Hayford, H., Parker, H., and Tanselle, G. T., Volume 1 of The Writings of Herman Melville (Northwestern University Press and the Newberry Library, 1968).Google Scholar
Menand, L., Discovering Modernism: T. S. Eliot and His Context (Oxford University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Milton, J., ‘Areopagitica (1644)’, in Flannagan, R. (ed.), The Riverside Milton (Houghton Mifflin, 1998).Google Scholar
Nelson, T., ‘A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure’, Journal of Digital Information 5.1 (2006). https://journals.tdl.org/jodi/index.php/jodi/article/view/131/129.Google Scholar
Ohge, C., ‘Melville Incomplete’, American Literary History 31.1 (Spring 2019), 139–50.Google Scholar
Ohge, C., ‘Melville’s Late Reading and the Revisions in the Billy Budd Manuscript’, in Yothers, B. (ed.), Critical Insights: Billy Budd (Salem Press, 2017), pp. 93–111.Google Scholar
Ohge, C., and Olsen-Smith, S., ‘Digital Text Analysis at Melville’s Marginalia Online’, Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies 20.2 (2018), 1–16.Google Scholar
Ohge, C., and Tupman, C., ‘Encoding and Analysis, and Encoding as Analysis, in Textual Editing’, in S. Dunn and K. Schuster (eds.), The Routledge International Handbook to Digital Humanities Research Methods, ch. 17 (Routledge, 2020).Google Scholar
Ohge, C., Olsen-Smith, S., and Smith, E. B., with Brimhall, A., Howley, B., Shanks, L., and Smith, L., ‘“At the Axis of Reality”: Melville’s Marginalia in the Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare’, Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies 20.2 (2018), 37–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen-Smith, S., and Norberg, P. (eds.), Melville’s Marginalia Online. http://melvillesmarginalia.org/.Google Scholar
Olsen-Smith, S., ‘The Inscription of Walt Whitman’s ‘Live Oak, with Moss’ Sequence: A Restorative Edition’, Scholarly Editing 33 (2012), http://scholarlyediting.org/2012/editions/intro.liveoakwithmoss.htmlGoogle Scholar
Ozment, K., ‘A Rationale for Feminist Bibliography’, Textual Cultures 13.1 (2020), 149–78. DOI: 10.14434/textual.v13i1.30076.Google Scholar
Pannapacker, W., ‘Digital Humanities Triumphant?’ in Gold, M. K. (ed.), Debates in Digital Humanities (University of Minnesota Press, 2012), https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452963754.Google Scholar
Pierazzo, E., Digital Scholarly Editing: Theories, Models, and Methods (Ashgate, 2015).Google Scholar
Plato, Parmenides, in H. N. Fowler (ed. and trs.), Plato in Twelve Volumes: With an English Translation, Cratylus, Parmenides, Greater Hippias, Lesser Hippias (W. Heinemann, 1926), accessed on the Perseus Digital Library, ed. G. R. Crane, www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0174%3atext%3dParm.Google Scholar
Poirier, R., ‘Why Do Pragmatists Want to Be Like Poets?’, in Dickstein, M. (ed.), The Revival of Pragmatism (Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 347–61.Google Scholar
Posner, M., and Klein, L. F., ‘Editor’s Introduction: Data as Media’, Feminist Media Histories 3.3 (2017), 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2017.3.3.1.Google Scholar
Price, L., The Anthology and the Rise of the Novel: From Richardson to George Eliot (Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Putnam, H., ‘Philosophy and Our Mental Life’, in H. Putnam (ed.), Philosophical Papers, Volume 2: Mind, Language and Reality (Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 291–303.Google Scholar
Quine, W. V. O., From a Logical Point of View: Nine Logico-philosophical Essays, 2nd ed. (Harvard University Press, 1980).Google Scholar
Ramsey, S., ‘The Hermeneutics of Screwing Around’, in Kee, K. (ed.), Pastplay: Teaching and Learning History with Technology (University of Michigan Press, 2014), pp. 111–30.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, K. S. G., ‘Reading or Using a Digital Edition? Reader Roles in Scholarly Editions’, in M. J. Driscoll and E. Pierazzo (eds.), Digital Scholarly Editing: Theories and Practices (OpenBook, 2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0095.07.Google Scholar
Ricks, C., ‘To Criticize the Critic’, Essays in Criticism 69.4 (October 2019), 476, https://doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgz021.Google Scholar
Rinard, S., ‘Pragmatic Skepticism’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (in press), www.susannarinard.com/s/Pragmatic-Skepticism-shhn.docx.Google Scholar
Robinson, P., ‘Toward a Theory of Digital Editions’, Variants 10 (2013), 105–31, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401209021_009.Google Scholar
Rorty, R., Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (Cambridge University Press, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryle, G., ‘John Locke Re-edited’, Times Literary Supplement (19 September 1975), p. 1043.Google Scholar
Sá Pereira, M. P., ‘Mixed Methodological Digital Humanities’, in Gold, M. K. and Klein, L. F. (eds.), Debates in Digital Humanities (University of Minnesota Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Scheinfeld, T., ‘Sunset for Ideology, Sunrise for Methodology?’, in M. K. Gold (ed.), Debates in the Digital Humanities (University of Minnesota Press, 2012), https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452963754.Google Scholar
Schloen, S., and Schloen, D., ‘Beyond Gutenberg: Transcending the Document Paradigm in Digital Humanities’, Digital Humanities Quarterly 8.4 (2014).Google Scholar
Searle, J. ‘Reiterating the Differences: A Reply to Derrida’, Glyph 1 (1977), 198–208.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, W., Henry IV, Part I, The Arden Shakespeare, ed. Humphreys, A. R. (Methuen, 1965).Google Scholar
Shakespeare, W., Richard III, The Arden Shakespeare, ed. Siemon, J., 3rd ed. (Bloomsbury, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silge, J., and Robinson, D., Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach (2020), www.tidytextmining.com/.Google Scholar
Smithies, J., The Digital Humanities and the Digital Modern (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).Google Scholar
Soames, S., ‘Analytic Philosophy of Language’, in K. Becker and I. Thomson (eds.), The Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1945–2015 (Cambridge University Press, 2019). doi:10.1017/9781316779651.Google Scholar
Sperberg-McQueen, M., ‘Representing Concurrent Document Structures Using Trojan Horse Markup’, Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference, Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 21 (2018), DOI: https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol21.Sperberg-McQueen01.Google Scholar
Stockwell, P., and Mahlberg, M., ‘Mind-Modelling with Corpus Stylistics in David Copperfield’, Language and Literature 24. 2 (May 2015), 129–47, doi:10.1177/0963947015576168.Google Scholar
Tanselle, G. T., ‘The Editorial Problem of Final Authorial Intention’, Studies in Bibliography 29 (1976), 167–211.Google Scholar
Tanselle, G. T., ‘Historicism and Critical Editing’, Studies in Bibliography 39 (1986), 1–46.Google Scholar
Tanselle, G. T., ‘Print History and Other History’, Studies in Bibliography 48 (1995), 268–89.Google Scholar
Tanselle, G. T., Rationale of Textual Criticism (University of Pennsylvania Press).Google Scholar
Thompson, J. B., Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States (Polity Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Thompson, J. B., Book Wars: The Digital Revolution in Publishing (Polity Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Van Hulle, D., Textual Awareness: A Genetic Study of Late Manuscripts by Joyce, Proust, and Mann (University of Michigan Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Vinopal, J., and McCormick, M., ‘Supporting Digital Scholarship in Research Libraries: Scalability and Sustainability’, Journal of Library Administration 53.1 (2013), 27–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2013.756689.Google Scholar
Vinsel, L., and Russell, A., The Innovation Delusion: How Our Obsession with the New Has Disrupted the Work That Matters Most (Currency, 2020).Google Scholar
Weizenbaum, J., Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgement to Calculation (W. H. Freeman and Company, 1976).Google Scholar
Wenke, J., ‘Melville’s Indirection: Billy Budd, the Genetic Text, and “the Deadly Space Between”’, in Yannella, D. (ed.), New Essays on Billy Budd (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 114–44.Google Scholar
Werner, M. (ed.), Writing In Time: Emily Dickinson’s Master Hours (Amherst College Press, 2021), p. 11, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.12023683.Google Scholar
Werstine, P., Early Modern Playhouse Manuscripts and the Editing of Shakespeare (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Whitman, W., Leaves of Grass (New York, 1891), accessed at the Walt Whitman Archive, eds., M. Cohen, E. Folsom, and K. Price, https://whitmanarchive.org/published/LG/1891/poems/193.Google Scholar
Williams, W. P., and Abbott, C. S., An Introduction to Bibliographical and Textual Studies, 4th ed. (Modern Language Association of America, 2009).Google Scholar
Wimsatt, W. K., and Beardsley, M. C., ‘The Intentional Fallacy’, Sewanee Review 54.3 (1946), 468–88.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Investigations, trans. Anscombe, G. E. M., 2nd ed. (Blackwell, 1997).Google Scholar
Wood, M., ‘Radical Publishing’, in M. F. Suarez, S.J. and M. L. Turner (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, Volume 5: 1695–1830 (Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar