Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T06:48:15.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Philosophy of Law

Sociological Approaches to Theories of Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2022

Brian Z. Tamanaha
Brian Z. Tamanaha
Affiliation:
Washington University School of Law

Summary

Sociological Approaches to Theories of Law applies empirical insights to examine theories of law proffered by analytical jurisprudents. The topics covered include artifact legal theory, law as a social construction, idealized accounts of the function of law, the dis-embeddeness of legal systems, the purported guidance function of law, the false social efficacy thesis, missteps in the quest to answer 'What is law?', and the relationship between empiricism and analytical jurisprudence. The analysis shows that on a number of central issues analytical jurisprudents assert positions inconsistent with the social reality of law. Woven throughout the text, the author presents a theoretically and empirically informed account of law as a social institution. The overarching theme is that philosophical claims about the nature of law can be tested and improved through greater empirical input.
Get access

Keywords

analytical jurisprudenceartifact legal theorylaw as a social constructionwhat is lawfunctions of law
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Philosophy of Law
Online ISBN: 9781009128193
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 23 June 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, Thomas. (2020). “The Efficacy Condition.” Legal Theory 25: 225–43.Google Scholar
Austin, John. (1832). The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Baldwin, D. John. (2002). George Herbert Mead: A Unifying Theory for Sociology. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt.Google Scholar
Bayly, Christopher A. (2003). The Birth of the Modern World, 1780 – 1914. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bentham, Jeremy. (1977). A Comment on the Commentaries and a Fragment on Government (Burns, J. H. and Hart, H. L. A., eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann., Thomas (1966). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Berlin, Isaiah. (1978). Concepts and Categories. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Blattman, Christopher, Hartman, Alexandra C., and Blair, Robert A.. (2014). “How to Promote Order and Property Rights under Weak Rule of Law? An Experiment in Changing Dispute Resolution Behavior through Community Education.” The American Political Science Review 108(1): 100–20.Google Scholar
Brown, Donald E. (1991). Human Universals. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Burazin, Luka. (2016). “Can There be an Artifact Theory of Law?” Ratio Juris 29: 385–401.Google Scholar
Burazin, Luka. (2018). “Legal Systems as Abstract Institutional Artifacts.” In Kenneth Einar Himma, Luka Burazin, and Roversi, Corrado (eds.), Law as an Artifact. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 112–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burazin, Luka. (2019a). “Legal Systems, Intentionality, and a Functional Explanation of Law.” Jurisprudence 10(2): 229–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burazin, Luka. (2019b). “Law as an Artifact.” In Sellers, Mortimer and Kirste, Stephan (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Chanock, Martin. (1992). “The Law Market: The Legal Encounter in British East and Central Africa.” In Mommsen, Wolfgang J. and de Moor, J. A. (eds.), European Expansion and Law: The Encounter of European and Indigenous Law in 19th and 20th Century Africa and Asia. Oxford: Berg, 279–305.Google Scholar
Chirayath, Leila, Sage, Caroline, and Woolcock, Michael. (2005). Customary Law and Policy Reform. Washington, DC: World Bank Legal Department.Google Scholar
Claessen, Henri. (2002). “Was the State Inevitable?” Social Evolution & History 1: 101–11.Google Scholar
Cohen, Felix. (1937). “Book Review: Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law.” Illinois Law Review 31: 1128–34.Google Scholar
Cohen, Morris R. (1916). “Recent Philosophical-Legal Literature in French, German and Italian (1912–1914).” The International Journal of Ethics 26(4): 528–46.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John L. (1981). Rules and Processes: The Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cottone, Michael. (2015). “Rethinking Presumed Knowledge of the Law in the Regulatory Age.” Tennessee Law Review 82(1): 137–66.Google Scholar
Crowe, Jonathan. (2014). “Law as an Artifact Kind.” Monash University Law Review 40: 737–57.Google Scholar
Curry, Oliver, Mullins, Daniel, and Whitehouse, Harvey. (2019). “Is it Good to Cooperate? Testing the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation in 60 Societies.” Current Anthropology 60(1): 47–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darley, John M., Robinson, Paul H., and Carlsmith, Kevin M.. (2001). “The Ex Ante Function of the Criminal Law Papers of General Interest.” Law & Society Review 35(1): 165–90.Google Scholar
Dewey, John. (1914). “Logical Method and Law.” The Cornell Law Quarterly 10(1): 17–27.Google Scholar
Dewey, John. (1941). “My Philosophy of Law.” In My Philosophy of Law: Credos of Sixteen American Scholars. Julius Rosenthal Foundation. Boston: Boston Law Book, 71–85.Google Scholar
Diaz-Leon, Esa. (2013). “What is Social Construction?” European Journal of Philosophy 23: 1137–52.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Kenneth M. (2015). “Law’s Artifactual Nature: How Legal Institutions Generate Normativity.” In Pavlakos, George and Rodriguez-Blanco, Veronica (eds.), Reasons and Intentions in Law and Practical Agency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 247–66.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Kenneth M. (2016). The Functions of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Kenneth M. (2018). “Law is an Institution, an Artifact, and a Practice.” In Burazin, Luka, Himma, Kenneth Einar, and Roversi, Corrado (eds.), Law as an Artifact. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 177–91.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Kenneth M. (2020). “The Institutionality of Legal Validity.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 100(2): 277–301.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Eugen. (1936). Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law (Walter Moll, trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Elder-Voss, Dave. (2012). The Reality of Social Construction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, David M. (2010–2011). “Lumping as Default in Tort Cases: The Cultural Interpretation of Injury and Causation Symposium: Injuries without Remedies.” Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 44(1): 33–68.Google Scholar
Fay, Brian. (1994). “General Laws Explaining Human Behavior.” In Martin, Michael and McIntyre, Lee C. (eds.), Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 91–110.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent and Marcus, Joyce. (2012). The Creation of Inequality: How Our Prehistoric Ancestors Set the Stage for Monarchy, Slavery, and Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Forsyth, Miranda. (2007). “A Typology of Relationships between State and Non-State Justice Systems.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 56: 67–112.Google Scholar
Friedman, Jonathan. (2006). “Comment on Searle’s ‘Social Ontology’.” Anthropological Theory 6: 70–80.Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence M. (1996). “Borders: On the Emerging Sociology of Transnational Law Essay.” Stanford Journal of International Law 32(1): 65–90.Google Scholar
Galanter, Marc. (1981). “Justice in Many Rooms: Courts, Private Ordering, and Indigenous Law.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 13(19): 1–47.Google Scholar
Gardner, John. (2004). “The Legality of Law.” Ratio Juris 17(2): 168–81.Google Scholar
Giraudy, Agustina. (2012). “Conceptualizing State Strength: Moving Beyond Strong and Weak States.” Revista de Ciencia Política 32(3): 599–611.Google Scholar
Giudice, Michael. (2020). Social Construction of Law: Potential and Limits. Northampton: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Gorski, Philip S. (2016). “The Matter of Emergence: Material Artifacts and Social Structure.” Qualitative Sociology 39: 211–15.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie. (1998). “The Functions of Law.” Cogito 12: 117–24.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie. (2008). “Positivism and the Inseparability of Law and Morals Symposium: The Hart-Fuller Debate at Fifty.” New York University Law Review 83(4): 1035–58.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie. (2012). “Introduction.” In Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law (Bulloch, Penelope and Raz, Joseph, eds.), 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, xv–iv.Google Scholar
Hadfield, Gillian K. and Heine, Joy. (2016). “Law in the Law-Thick World: The Legal Resource Landscape for Ordinary Americans.” In Estreicher, Sam and Radice, Joy (eds.), Beyond Elite Law: Access to Civil Justice for Ordinary Americans. New York: Cambridge University Press, 21–52.Google Scholar
Halpin, Andrew. (2014). “The Creation and Use of Concepts of Law when Confronting Legal and Normative Plurality.” In Donlan, Sean P. and Urscheler, Lucas H. (eds.), Concepts of Law: Comparative, Jurisprudential, and Social Science Perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate, 169–92.Google Scholar
Harper, Erica. (2011). Customary Justice: From Program Design to Impact Evaluation. Rome: IDLO.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. (1961). The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. (1994). The Concept of Law (Bulloch, Penelope and Raz, Joseph, eds.), 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Henrich, Joseph. (2017). The Secret of Our Success: How Culture is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hilpinen, Risto. (2011). “Artifact.” In Edward Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition). https://stanford.library.sydney.edu.au/archives/fall2011/entries/artifact/Google Scholar
Hoebel, E. Adamson (1946). “Law and Anthropology.” Virginia Law Review 32(4): 835–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoebel, E. Adamson (2006[1954]). The Law of Primitive Man: A Study in Comparative Legal Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, Oliver Wendell. (1873). “The Gas Stoker’s Strike.” American Law Review 7: 582.Google Scholar
Holzinger, Katharina, Kern, Florian G., and Kromrey, Daniela. (2016). “The Dualism of Contemporary Traditional Governance and the State: Institutional Setups and Political Consequences.” Political Research Quarterly 69(3): 469–81.Google Scholar
Jhering, Rudolph von. (1914). Law as a Means to an End. Translated by Issack Husik. Boston: Boston.Google Scholar
Katz, Larissa M. (2018). “Philosophy of Property Law.” In Tasioulas, J. (ed.), Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 371–88.Google Scholar
Kelley, Donald R. (1990). The Human Measure: Social Thought in the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kelsen, Hans. (1967). Pure Theory of Law. Translation M. Knight. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kelsen, Hans. (1992). An Introduction to the Problems of Legal Theory. Trans. Bonnie Litschewski Paulson and Stanley L. Paulson. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Khalid, Muhammad. (2019). “Law as a Social Kind.” CEUR-WS 2518, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2518/paper-SOLEE3.pdfGoogle Scholar
Killingray, David. (1986). “The Maintenance of Law and Order in British Colonial Africa.” African Affairs 85(340): 411–37.Google Scholar
Kim, Pauline T. (1999). “Norms, Learning, and Law: Exploring the Influences on Workers’ Legal Knowledge.” University of Illinois Law Review 1999(2): 447–516.Google Scholar
Lacey, Nicola. (2006). “Analytical Jurisprudence versus Descriptive Sociology Revisited.” Texas Law Review 84(4): 944–82.Google Scholar
Leiter, Brian. (2011). “The Demarcation Problem in Jurisprudence: A New Case for Skepticism.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 31: 663–77.Google Scholar
MacCormick, Neil. (1993). “Beyond the Sovereign State.” The Modern Law Review 56(1): 1–18.Google Scholar
MacCormick, Neil. (1995). “The Maastricht-Urteil: Sovereignty Now.” European Law Journal 1(3): 259–66.Google Scholar
Malinowski, Bronislaw. (1926). Crime and Custom in Savage Society. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company.Google Scholar
Marcoulatos, Iordanis. (2003). “John Searle and Pierre Bourdieu: Divergent Perspectives on Intentionality and Social Ontology.” Human Studies 26: 67–96.Google Scholar
Marmor, Andrei (2004). “The Rule of Law and Its Limits.” Law and Philosophy 23(1): 1–43.Google Scholar
Marmor, Andrei. (2007). Law in the Age of Pluralism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, Andrei. (2018). What’s Left of General Jurisprudence? On Law’s Ontology and Content (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3165550), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3165550Google Scholar
Marmor, Andrei. (2019). “The Nature of Law.” In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=lawphil-natureGoogle Scholar
Mead, George Herbert. (1915). “Natural Rights and the Theory of the Political Institution.” Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods 12: 141–55.Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert. (1918). “The Psychology of Punitive Justice.” American Journal of Sociology 23: 577-602.Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert. (1938). The Philosophy of the Act. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert. (2002). The Philosophy of the Present. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert. (1957). Social Theory and Social Structure: Revised and Enlarged Edition. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Mihal, Jan. (2021). Responding to the Over-Inclusiveness Objection to Hart’s Theory of Law: A Causal Approach (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3740353), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3740353Google Scholar
Mihal, Jan. (2017). “Defending a Functional Kinds Account of Law.” Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 42: 121–44.Google Scholar
Miller, Seumas. (2019). “Social Institutions.” In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2019 Edition). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/social-institutions/.Google Scholar
Millikin, Ruth Garrett. (1999). “Historical Kinds and the Special Sciences.” International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytical Tradition 95: 45–65.Google Scholar
Miotto, Lucas. (2021). From Angels to Humans: Law, Coercion, and the Society of Angels Thought Experiment. Law and Philosophy 40: 277–303.Google Scholar
Moor, Jaap A.de, and Mommsen, Wolfgang J. (eds.). (1992). European Expansion and Law: The Encounter of European and Indigenous Law in the 19th- and 2th-Century Africa and Asia. 1st ed., Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Moore, Michael S. (1992). “Law as a Functional Kind.” In George, Robert P. (ed.), Natural Law Theory: Contemporary Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 188–242.Google Scholar
Moore, Sally Falk. (1969). “Law and Anthropology.” Biennial Review of Anthropology 6: 252–300.Google Scholar
Nekam, Alexander. (1967). “Aspects of African Customary Law.” Northwestern University Law Review 62(1): 45–56.Google Scholar
Philips, Nelsen, Lawrence, Thomas B., and Hardy, Cynthia. (2004). “Discourse and Institutions.” Academy of Management Review 29: 635–52.Google Scholar
Pistor, Katharina. (2019). The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Plato. (1991). The Republic. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Postema, Gerald J. (2008). “Conformity, Custom, and Congruence: Rethinking the Efficacy of Law.” In Kramer, Matthew H., Grant, Claire, Coburn, Ben, and Hatzistavrou, Antony (eds.), The Legacy of H.L.A.Hart: Legal, Political, and Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 45–66.Google Scholar
Postema, Gerald J. (2015). “Jurisprudence, the Sociable Science.” Virginia Law Review 101: 869–901.Google Scholar
Postema, Gerald J. (2021). “Philosophical Jurisprudence: A Vision.” UNC Legal Studies Paper, SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3972708 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3972708CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pound, Roscoe. (1910) “Law in Books and Law in Action.” American Law Review 44: 12–36.Google Scholar
Preston, Beth. (2018). “Artifact.” In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition). https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/artifact/Google Scholar
Priel, Dan. (2018). “Not all Law is an Artifact: Jurisprudence Meets the Common Law.” In Burazin, Luka, Himma, Ken, and Roversi, Corrado (eds.), Law as an Artifact. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 239–67.Google Scholar
Priel, Dan. (2019). “Law as a Social Construction and Conceptual Legal Theory.” Law and Philosophy 38: 267–87.Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph. (1979). The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph. (2009a). Between Authority and Interpretation, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph. (2009b). The Authority of Law, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Simon. (1976). “Law and the Study of Social Control in Small-Scale Societies.” The Modern Law Review 39(6): 663–79.Google Scholar
Rotberg, Robert I. (2003). “Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and Indicators.” In Rotberg, Robert (ed.), State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1–26.Google Scholar
Roughan, Nicole, and Halpin, Andrew (eds.). (2017). In Pursuit of Pluralist Jurisprudence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roversi, Corrado. (2015). “Legal Metaphoric Artifacts.” In Brozek, B., Stelmach, J., and Kurek, L., (eds.), The Emergence of Normative Orders. Krakaw: Copernicus Center Press, 215–80.Google Scholar
Roversi, Corrado. (2018). “On the Artifactual – and Natural – Character of Legal Institutions.” In Luka Burazin, Kenneth E. Himma, and Roversi, Corrado (eds.), Law as an Artifact. Oxford: University Press, 89–111.Google Scholar
Roversi, Corrado. (2019). “Law as an Artefact: Three Questions.” Analisi E Diritto 2019: 41–68.Google Scholar
Rowell, Arden. (2019). “Legal Knowledge, Belief, and Aspiration.” Arizona State Law Journal 51(1): 225–92.Google Scholar
Sapolsky, Robert M. (2017). Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. New York: Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Schauer, Frederick. (2005). “The Social Construction of the Concept of Law: A Reply to Julie Dickson.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 25: 493–501.Google Scholar
Searle, John R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Searle, John R. (2006). “Social Ontology: Some Basic Principles.” Anthropological Theory 6: 12–29.Google Scholar
Searle, John R. (2010). Making the Social World: The Structure of Human Civilization. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Scott J. (2000). “Law, Morality, and the Guidance of Conduct.” Legal Theory 6(2): 127–70.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Scott J. (2011). Legality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, A. W. Brian. (1986). A History of Land Law, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. (1982). Lectures on Jurisprudence (Meeks, R. L., Raphael, D. D., and Stein, P. G. eds.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Liberty Fund.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2001). A General Jurisprudence of Law and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2006). Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2017). A Realistic Theory of Law. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2021). Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomassen, Amie L. (2014). “Public Artifacts, Intentions, and Norms.” In Franssen, Martin, Kroes, Peter, Thomas, A. C. Reydon, and Peter Vermas (eds.), Artefact Kinds: Ontology and the Human Made World. Dordrecht: Springer, 45–62.Google Scholar
Tollefsen, Deborah. (2002). “Collective Intentionality and the Social Sciences.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 32: 25–50.Google Scholar
Tomasello, Michael. (2104). A Natural History of Human Thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tomasello, Michael. (2019). Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny. Cambridge: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce G. (2003). Understanding Early Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
van den Bergh, G. C. J. J. (1969). “Legal Pluralism in Roman Law.” Irish Jurist (1966) 4(2): 338–50.Google Scholar
Benjamin, van Rooij. (2020). Do People Know the Law? Empirical Evidence about Legal Knowledge and Its Implications for Compliance (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3563442), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3563442Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. (1999). “All We Like Sheep.” Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 12(1): 169–90.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. (2013). International Law: “A Relatively Small and Unimportant” Part of Jurisprudence? (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2326758), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2326758Google Scholar
Waluchow, Wilt J. (2008). “Legality, Morality, and the Guiding Function of Law.” In Kramer, Matthew H., Grant, Claire, Coburn, Ben, and Hatzistavrou, Antony (eds.), The Legacy of H.L.A. Hart: Legal, Political, and Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 85–97.Google Scholar
Webber, Gregoire. (2015). “Asking Why in the Study of Human Affairs.” American Journal of Jurisprudence 60(1): 51–78.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. (Roth, G. and Wittich, C., eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Edward. (2012). The Social Conquest of Earth. New York: Liveright Publishing.Google Scholar
Winch, Peter. (1958). The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy. London: Rougtledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Woodman, Gordon R. (2011). “A Survey of Customary Laws in Africa in Search of Lessons for the Future.” In Fenrich, Jeanmarie, Galizzi, Paolo, and Higgins (eds.), Tracy, The Future of African Customary Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 9–30.Google Scholar
Yassari, Nadjma, and Saboory., Mohammad Hamid (2010). “Sharia and National Law in Afghanistan.” In Otto, Jan Michiel (ed.), Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. Amsterdam: Leiden University Press, 272–317.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Sociological Approaches to Theories of Law
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Sociological Approaches to Theories of Law
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Sociological Approaches to Theories of Law
Available formats
×