Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T23:24:38.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Influence of Sample Self-Absorption on Wavelength Shifts and Shape Changes in the Soft X-Ray Region: The Rare-Earth M Series

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

David W. Fischer  and
William L. Baun
David W. Fischer
Affiliation:
Air Force Materials Laboratory (MAYA) Wright-Patierson Air Force Base, Ohio
William L. Baun
Affiliation:
Air Force Materials Laboratory (MAYA) Wright-Patierson Air Force Base, Ohio
Get access

Abstract

The Mα and Mβ emission spectra and the Mjv and My absorption spectra have been studied for the entire series of rare-earth elements. It is conclusively shown that the complicated multiplet structure observed in the emission spectra is not real emission structure but is, instead, produced by sample self-absorption. This is demonstrated by observing the emission spectra over wide variations in take-off angle and bombarding electron energies and finally by comparing the detailed structure of both the emission and absorption spectra. The MIV and MV absorption structure completely overlaps the Mα and Mβ emission lines, which are each found to have but one intensity maximum when obtained under conditions of minimum. self-absorption. Some of these spectra have never been shown previously, while others have been studied in detail by several investigators. Points of agreement and disagreement with previous work are mentioned, and the wavelengths of the emission lines and absorption edges are listed for all of the rare-earth elements. It is concluded that the 4f → 3d electron transitions are reversible in these elements.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 11: Sixteenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 9-11, 1967 , 1967 , pp. 230 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Trifinov, D. N., The Rare Earth Elements, Pergamon Press, New York, 1963.Google Scholar
2. Topp, N. E., The Chemistry of the Rare Emth Elements, Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
3. Borovskii, I. B. and Golovner, T. M., “Multiplicity in X-Ray Emission Spectra,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 88: 233, 1953.Google Scholar
4. Van der Tuuk, J. H., “Hohcre Multipletts in Rontgenspelrtrum,” Z. Physik 44: 737, 1927.Google Scholar
5. Lindbcrg, E., “The M and N Series. A Spectroscopic Study of X-Rays,” Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsalietids 7: 7, 1931.Google Scholar
6. Hirsh, F. R., “The Satellites of M Series X-Ray Lines,” Phys. Rev. 38: 914, 1931.Google Scholar
7. Rule, K. C., “X-Ray Line Absorption in the M Series of 62Sm,” Phys. Rev, 68: 246, 1945.Google Scholar
8. Zandy, H. F., “The MIV and MV Absorption Edges of 69Pr, 60Nd, 62Sm and 63Eu,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65A; 1015, 1952.Google Scholar
9. Stewardson, E. A. and Lee, P. A., “The MIV and MV Absorption Edges of 69Er,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 64A: 318, 1951.Google Scholar
10. Lee, P. A., Stewardson, E. A., and Wilson, J. E., “The Mv Absorption Edges of Tm and Er and the Origin of the Er MV Absorption Lines,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65A: 668, 1952.Google Scholar
11. Stewardson, E. A. and Wilson, J. E., “The MIV.V Spectra of 68Er,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 69A: 93, 1956.Google Scholar
12. Fischer, D. W. and Baun, W. L., “Diagram and Non-Diagram Lines in the K Spectra of Magnesium and Oxygen from Metallic and Anodized Magnesium,” Spectrochim. Acta 21: 443, 1965.Google Scholar
13. Baun, W. L. and Fischer, D. W., “The Effect of Valence and Coordination on K Series Diagram and Non-Diagram Lines of Magnesium, Aluminum, and Silicon,” in: W. M. Mueller, G. R. Mallett and M. J. Fay (eds.), Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Vol. 8, Plenum Press, New York, 1965.Google Scholar
14. Sakellaridis, P., “L Emission and Absorption Spectra of Gadolinium and Thulium,” Compl. Rend. 236: 1244, 1953.Google Scholar
15. Bearden, J. A., “X-Ray Wavelengths,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 39: 78, 1967.Google Scholar
16. Williams, K. C., “The MIV.V Spectra of 63Eu,“ Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 87: 983, 1966.Google Scholar
17. Hansen, H. P. and Herrera, J., “Self-Absorption in the X-Ray Spectroscopy of Valence Electrons,” Phys. Rev. 105: 1483, 1957.Google Scholar
18. Liefeld, R. J., “La X-Ray Emission Lines of Nickel, Copper and Zinc,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 10: (4): 549, 1965.Google Scholar
19. Bonncllc, C., “Contribution a I'étude des métaux de transition du premier groupe, du cuivre ct de leurs oxydes par spectroscopic X dans le domaine de 13 a 22 Å,” Ann. Phys. (Paris) 1 (7,8): 439, 1966.Google Scholar