Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 March 2019
X-ray microscopy is a field that has developed rapidly in recent years. Two different approaches have been used. Zone plates have been employed to produce focussed beams with sizes as low as 0.07 pm for x-ray energies below 1 keV. Images of biological materials and elemental maps for major and minor low Z have been produced using above and below absorption edge differences. At higher energies collimators and focussing mirrors have been used to make small diameter beams for excitation of characteristic K— or L-x rays of all elements in the periodic table.
Work supported In part by Processes and Techniques Branches, Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH00016; Director‘s Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098; applications to biomedical problems by the National Institutes of Health as a Biotechnology Research Resource under Grant No. P41RR01838; applications in geochemistry by National Science Foundation Grant No. EAR-8618346; and applications in cosmochemistry by NASA Grant No. NAG 9–106.