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Continuity and change in the Gwembe Tonga family and their relevance to demography's nucleation thesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Neil Price  and
Neil Thomas
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Résumé

Des critiques récentes de la théorie et de la méthodologie démographiques ont indiqué, entre autres choses, la nécessité de prendre en compte les progrès réalisés dans des disciplines apparentées. Cette étude de cas consacrée à la société Tonga de l a vallée du Gwembe en Zambie souligne la contribution méthodologique importante que l'anthropologie sociale peut apporter à la sous-discipline de la démographie de la famille. Elle atteste le manque de validite empirique du paradigme de “nucléation de a l famille” qui soutient qu'une évolution vers le mariage conjugal et des modèles de résidence de foyer nucléaire est une conséquence inévitable de la mondialisation et un signe avant-coureur des changements sociaux et économiques nécessaires à la transition de la fécondité. Selon la théorie de la nucleátion, les preuves d'une conjugalité accrue se refléteront dans l'importance symbolique amoindrie du lignage et des ancêtres, une plus grande stabilité du mariage, la disparition de la polygynie et la transmission du patrimoine aux veuves, la diminution du montant et de l'importance de la dot, l'augmentation de l'âge du premier mariage chez les femmes et la diminution de l'écart d'âge entre les époux. L'étude de cas se concentre done sur les changements récents observés dans le système de parenté matrilinéaire, notamment l'émergence de lignages localisés, et la mesure dans laquelle ces changements reflètent la nucléation de la famille (principalement mais non exclusivement en termes de conjugalité accrue). Par l'analyse de la structure des foyers et des modèles de résidence conjugale, y compris du rôle de l'époux ou du père dans les affaires de la famille, de la nuptialité (notamment la dot, le divorce et la polygynie), des successions et du role des ancêtres, l'étude de cas démontre que l'on peut mettre en parallèle les changements survenus dans la structure de la famille et de la parenté à la suite d'une transformation locale sociale et économique et non pas la nucléarisation, mais l'émergence d'une forme modifiée de la famille et de la parenté, tout à fait distincte de la famille nucléaire en termes de structure et de signification.

Type
Past paradigms, present data
Information
Africa , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , October 1999 , pp. 510 - 534
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1999

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