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The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

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Abstract:

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This article considers a burgeoning literature on Johannesburg from the perspective of the sorts of questions it asks about the city. There is a substantial and lively literature on questions of poverty and equality, class and race. These studies are strongly informed by the idea that the mechanisms that produce such inequalities are key to understanding the nature of Johannesburg as a city: in terms of how its economy works and how political institutions function, but also in terms of what sort of city Johannesburg is and can be. I consider sociological and economic studies of the inner city that try to account for demographic shifts in the inner city and for processes of social and physical degeneration. I review urban anthropologies of inner-city society, considering in particular new forms of social and economic organization among inner-city residents. Related to these, I discuss debates among scholars about the prospects for governing the city, paying special attention to the consequences for such readings on partnerships. I also discuss an emerging literature, critical of that above, which seeks to shift analysis of the city toward studies of culture and identity. These literatures do not simply approach the city through different disciplinary lenses (sociology or economy or anthropology or cultural studies) . They come to their studies from different normative perspectives. For some, the key political question of the day is one about social and political equality in its various forms. For others, it is about the degree to which Johannesburg (or Africa) is different from or the same as other places in the world. This paper has tried to bring to the fore the political (and not simply policy) consequences of these different views. It concludes not by seeking to reconcile these perspectives, but by suggesting a way of retaining a commitment to equality and justice while not reducing them simply to questions of economy. At stake, I argue, are questions of democratic culture and of sociability.

Résumé:

Résumé:

Cet article considère la littérature bourgeonnante sur Johannesburg sous l'angle du questionnement qu'elle engendre à propos de la ville. Il existe une littérature vivante et importante sur les questions de pauvreté et d'égalité, de classe et de race. Ces études sont fortement influencées par l'idée que les mécanismes produisant ces inégalités sont des éléments clé pour comprendre l'essence de Johannesburg en tant que ville: comment son économie et ses institutions fonctionnent, mais aussi quelle sorte de ville Johannesburg est et peut devenir. Je prends en considération des études sociologiques et économiques de la ville qui tentent de décrire les évolutions démographiques, ainsi que les processus de dégénération sociale et physique. Je passe en revue des études anthropologiques de la société urbaine, tenant compte en particulier des nouvelles formes d'organisation sociale et économique entre résidents dans la zone urbaine. En corrélation, j'entr e en discussion avec les débats des chercheurs concernant les principes de gouvernance de la ville, en portant une attention toute particulière aux conséquences de telles lectures sur les partenariats formés. Je prends également en considération une littérature émergente, critique de celle mentionnée ci dessus, qui cherche à délaisser les études de la ville pour se centrer sur des études culturelles et identitaires. Ces littératures posent non seulement un regard différent sur la ville à travers des disciplines différentes (sociologie et économie ou anthropologie, ou études culturelles), mais elles proviennent surtout de perspectives normatives différentes. Pour certains, la question politique à l'ordre du jour est l'égalité sociale et politique, dans ses différentes formes. Pour d'autres, ce qui importe c'est le degré de conformité ou de différence existant entre Johannesburg (ou l'Afrique) et les autres endroits du monde. Cet article tente de placer sur le devant de la scène les conséquences politiques (et pas seulement législatives) de ces différentes perspectives. Les conclusions apportées ne tentent pas de réconcilier ces approches mais de suggérer une manière de conserver un engagement pour l'égalité et la justice tout en ne les réduisant pas uniquement à des questions économiques. Les notions qui importent vraiment, selon moi, sont les questions de culture démocratique et de sociabilité.

Type
ASR Focus
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2005

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