Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:46:47.492Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hohokam to Akimel O’Odham: Obsidian Acquisition at the Historic Period Sacate Site (GR-909), Gila River Indian Community, Arizona

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Chris R. Loendorf ,
Craig M. Fertelmes  and
Barnaby V. Lewis
Chris R. Loendorf
Affiliation:
Cultural Resources Management Program, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85147 (chris.loendorf@gric.nsn.us)
Craig M. Fertelmes
Affiliation:
Cultural Resources Management Program, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85147 (craig.fertelmes@gric.nsn.us)
Barnaby V. Lewis
Affiliation:
Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85147 (barnaby.lewis@gric.nsn.us)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Obsidian provenance studies within the Phoenix Basin of south-central Arizona have become increasingly comprehensive during the last four decades. As a result, broad regional and temporal trends have been defined regarding Preclassic (ca. A.D. 650–1150) and Classic period (ca.A.D. 1150–1450) socioeconomic interactions in the Hohokam core area. However, Historic period patterns are still poorly understood, and these data are essential for understanding the relationship between the prehistoric Hohokam and historical Akimel O’Odham. The association between the Akimel O’Odham and Hohokam has been debated since Euro-Americans first visited the area in the late 1600s, yet this issue is still not fully resolved. This article presents analyses of historical obsidian from the Sacate site that suggest that long-term trends in cultural patterns within the Phoenix Basin continued unbroken into the Historic period. These continuities provide another line of evidence that the Akimel O’Odham are the direct cultural descendants of the Hohokam.

Resumen

Resumen

Los estudios sobre las fuentes de origen de la obsidiana dentro de la Cuenca de Phoenix en la región sud-central de Arizona han llegado a ser cada vez más completos durante las últimas cuatro décadas. Como resultado, amplios patrones espacio-temporales han sido definidos con respecto a los periodos Pre-Clásico (ca. d.C. 650–1150) y Clásico (ca. d.C. 1150–1450) destacando las interacciones socioeconómicas en el núcleo de la cultura Hohokam. Sin embargo, las interacciones durante el período Histórico todavía no son claras, y estos datos son esenciales para comprender la relación entre los Hohokam prehistóricos y los Akimel O’Odham históricos. La asociación entre los O’Odham y los Hohokam ha sido debatida desde que los primeros Euroamericanos visitaron la región al final de los 1600; no obstante, este tema todavía no está resuelto completamente. Este trabajo resume los resultados del análisis de obsidiana histórica del sitio Sacate, lo que sugiere que a largo plazo los patrones culturales dentro de la Cuenca de Phoenix continuaron intactos durante el período Histórico. Esta continuidad es fuerte evidencia de que los Akimel O’Odham son los descendientes de los Hohokam.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 266 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Society for American Archaeology.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Abbott, David R., and Foster, Michael S. 2003 Site Structure, Chronology, and Population. In Centuries of Decline During the Hohokam Classic Period, edited by David R. Abbott, pp. 24–47. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audubon, John W. 1906 Audubon’s Western Journal 1849–1850: Being the Ms. Record of a Trip from New York to Texas, and an Overland Journey Through Mexico and Arizona to the Gold Fields of California. Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballenger, Jesse A. M., and Hall, John D. 2011 Obsidian Procurement, Technology, and Exchange in the Vicinity of Superior, Arizona. In The U.S.60 Archaeological Project: Early Agricultural, Formative, and Historical-Period Use of the Upper Queen Creek Region, edited by Robert M. Wegener, Michael P. Heilen, Richard Ciolek-Torello, and John D. Hall, pp. 137–156. Technical Series, 92. Statistical Research, Tucson.Google Scholar
Bancroft, Hubert H. 1886 The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America, Vol. I: Wild Tribes. A. L. Bancroft and Company, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Bartlett, John R. 1854 Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua. D. Appleton and Company, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, Keith H. (editor) 2004 Western Apache Raiding and Warfare. From the Notes of Grenville Goodwin. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Bayman, James M. 1995 Rethinking “Redistribution” in the Archaeological Record: Obsidian Exchange at the Marana Platform Mound. Journal of Anthropological Research 51:37–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayman, James M., and Steven Shackley, M. 1999 Dynamics of Hohokam Obsidian Circulation in the North American Southwest. Antiquity 73:836–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, Michael 1916 Indian Troubles. In History of Arizona: Vol. III, edited by Thomas E. Farish, pp. 286–355. Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Burns, Michael 2012 The Only One Living to Tell: The Autobiography of a Yavapai Indian. Edited by Gregory McNamee. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Cotterell, Brian, and Kamminga, Johan 1992 Mechanics of Pre-Industrial Technology. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Darling, J. Andrew 2011 S-cuk Kavick: Thoughts on Migratory Processes and the Archaeology of O’Odham Migration. In Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration, edited by Graciela S. Cabana and Jeffrey J. Clark, pp. 68–83. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darling, J. Andrew, Ravesloot, John C., and Waters, Michael R. 2004 Village Drift and Riverine Settlement: Modeling Akimel O’Odham Land Use. American Anthropologist 106:282–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeJong, David H. 2009 Stealing the Gila: The Pima Agricultural Economy and Water Deprivation, 1848–1921. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
DeJong, David H. 2011 Forced to Abandon Our Fields: The 1914 Clay Southworth Gila River Pima Interviews. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Ellis, Christopher J. 1997 Factors Influencing the Use of Stone Projectile Tips: An Ethnographic Perspective. In Projectile Technology, edited by Heidi Knecht, pp. 37–74. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emory, William H., Abert, James W., Cook, Philip St. George, and Johnston, Abraham R. 1848 Notes of a Military Reconnaissance from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, Including Parts of the Arkansas Del Norte, and Gila Rivers. 31 st U.S. Congress, 1st Session, Senate Executive Document No. 7 (Serial No. 505). Wendell and Van Benthuysen, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Ezell, Paul H. 1961 The Hispanic Acculturation of the Gila River Pimas. American Anthropologist (N.S.) 63(5), Pt. 2.Google Scholar
Ezell, Paul H. 1963 Is There a Hohokam-Pima Culture Continuum? American Antiquity 29:61–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ezell, Paul H. 1983 History of the Pima. In Southwest, edited by A. Ortiz, pp. 149–160. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Ferg, Alan, and Tessman, Norm 1997 Two Archival Case Studies in Western Apache and Yavapai Archaeology. In Vanishing River: Landscapes and Lives of the Lower Verde Valley, the Lower Verde Archaeological Project, edited by Stephanie M. Whittlesey, Richard Ciolek-Torello, and Jeffrey H. Altschul, pp. 214–279. SRI Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Fertelmes, Craig M., Abbott, David R., and Steven Shackley, M. 2012 Obsidian Source Characterization at Las Colinas: Shifting Exchange Patterns During the Hohokam Sedentary to Classic Transition. Kiva 77:281–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse W. 1912 Casa Grande, Arizona. In Twenty-Eighth Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 25–180. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Fish, Paul R. 1989 The Hohokam: 1,000 Years of Prehistory in the Sonoran Desert. In Dynamics of Southwest Prehistory, edited by Linda. S. Cordell and George J. Gumerman, pp. 19–63. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Gilpin, Dennis, and Phillips, David A. 1998 The Prehistoric to Historic Transition Period in Arizona, Circa A.D. 1519 to 1692. Report submitted to the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, Arizona State Parks Board, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Glascock, Michael G., and Ferguson, Jeffrey R. 2012 Report on the Analysis of Obsidian Source Samples by Multiple Analytical Methods. Archaeometry Lab, University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia.Google Scholar
Grossman, Frank E. 1873 The Pima Indians of Arizona. In Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the Year 1871, pp. 407–419. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Hackenberg, Robert A. 1974 Aboriginal Land Use and Occupancy of the Pima-Maricopa Indians, Vol. II. Garland Publishing Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Haury, Emil W. 1976 The Hohokam: Desert Farmers and Craftsmen–Excavations at Snaketown. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegmon, Michelle, Peeples, Matthew A., Kinzig, Ann P., Kulow, Stephanie, Meegan, Cathryn M., and Nelson, Margaret C. 2008 Social Transformation and Its Human Costs in the Prehispanic U.S. Southwest. American Anthropologist 110:313–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, Karl 2008 Shadows at Dawn: A Borderlands Massacre and the Violence of History. Penguin Press, New York.Google Scholar
Justice, Noel D. 2002 Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Southwestern United States. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Kroeber, Clifton B., and Fontana, Bernard 1986 Massacre on the Gila–An Account of the Last Major Battle Between American Indians, with Reflections on the Origin of War. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Kwiatkowski, Scott M. 2003 Evidence for Subsistence Problems. In Centuries of Decline During the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande, edited by David R. Abbott, pp. 48–69. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loendorf, Chris 2010 Regional and Temporal Variation in Obsidian Use Within the Hohokam Region. Journal of Arizona Archaeology 1:47–59.Google Scholar
Loendorf, Chris 2012 The Hohokam-Akimel O’odham Continuum: Sociocultural Dynamics and Projectile Point Design in the Phoenix Basin, Arizona. Gila River Indian Community Anthropology Research Papers No. 5. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Loendorf, Chris, and Fertelmes, Craig M. 2011 EDXRF Source Provenance Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from University Indian Ruin (AZ BB:9:33 [ASM]), Tucson, Arizona. pXRF Technical Report 2011-04. Gila River Indian Community, Material Sciences Laboratory, Sacaton, Arizona.Google Scholar
Loendorf, Chris, and Fertelmes, Craig M. 2012 Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project Obsidian Sourcing Analysis: Methodology and Research Design. P-MIP Technical Report 2010-06. Gila River Indian Community Material Sciences Laboratory, Sacaton, Arizona.Google Scholar
Loendorf, Chris, and Rice, Glen E. 2004 Projectile Point Typology: Gila River Indian Community, Arizona. Gila River Indian Community Anthropology Research Papers No. 2. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Marshall, John T. 2002 Obsidian and the Northern Periphery: Tool Manufacture, Source Distribution, and Patterns of Interaction. In Phoenix Basin to Perry Mesa: Rethinking the “Northern Periphery,” edited by Mark R. Hackbarth, Kelly Hays-Gilpin, and Lynn Neal, pp. 121–138. Arizona Archaeologist No. 34. Arizona Archaeological Society, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Mason, Otis T. 1894 North American Bows, Arrows, and Quivers. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Millhauser, John K., Rodríguez-Algtia, Enrique, and Glascock, Michael D. 2011 Testing the Accuracy of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence to Study Aztec and Colonial Obsidian Supply at Xaltocan, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:3141–3152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Douglas R., and Foster, Michael S. 2011 Salt, Seashells, and Shiny Stones: Prehistoric Hohokam Resource Exploitation in the Papagueria and Northern Gulf of California. Journal of Arizona Archaeology 1:176–184.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Douglas R., and Steven Shackley, M. 1995 Classic Period Hohokam Obsidian Studies in Southem Arizona. Journal of Field Archaeology 22:291–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz, Alfonzo 1983 Key to Tribal Territories (map). In Southwest, edited by A. Ortiz, p. IX. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Peterson, Jane D., Mitchell, Douglas R., and Steven Shackley, M. 1997 The Social and Economic Contexts of Lithic Procurement: Obsidian from Classic-Period Hohokam Sites. American Antiquity 62:231–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randolph, Brenda G., Andrew Darling, J., Loendorf, Chris, and Rockette, Bonny 2002 Historic Piman Structure and the Evolution of the Sacate Site (GR-909), Gila River Indian Community. In Visible Archaeology on the Gila River Indian Reservation: Papers Presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, March 21–24, 2002, Denver, compiled by Tom Herrschaft, pp. 166–195. P-MIP Report No. 21. Gila River Indian Community Cultural Resource Management Program, Sacaton, Arizona.Google Scholar
Ravesloot, John C. 2007 Changing Views of Snaketown in a Larger Landscape. In The Hohokam Millennium, edited by Suzanne K. Fish and Paul R. Fish, pp. 91–98. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Ravesloot, John C., Andrew Darling, J., and Waters, Michael R. 2009 Hohokam and Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Agriculturalists: Maladaptive or Resilient Societies? In The Archaeology of Environmental Change, edited by Christopher T. Fisher, J. Brett Hill, and Gary M. Feinman, pp. 232–245. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravesloot, John C., and Whittlesey, Stephanie M. 1987 Inferring the Protohistoric Period in Southern Arizona. In The Archaeology of the San Xavier Bridge Site (AZ BB:13:14), Tucson Basin, Southern Arizona, edited by John C. Ravesloot, pp. 81–98. Archaeological Series No. 171. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 1998 Folk Mammalogy of the Northern Pimas. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 2007a Wings in the Desert: A Folk Ornithology of the Northern Pimas. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 2007b The Poorwill in Pima Oral Tradition. Archaeology Southwest 21(1):7.Google Scholar
Rice, Glen E., Simon, Arleyn W., and Loendorf, Chris 1998 Production and Exchange of Economic Goods. In A Synthesis of Tonto Basin Prehistory: The Roosevelt Archaeology Studies, 1989 to 1998, edited by Glen E. Rice, pp. 105–130. Roosevelt Monograph Series, 12; Anthropological Field Studies, 41. Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Russell, Frank 1908 The Pima Indians. Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1904–1905. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Sayles, E.B. 1938 Houses. In Excavations at Snaketown: Material Culture, pp. 59–92. Medallion Papers No. 25. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seymour, Deni J. 2011 Where the Earth and Sky Are Sewn Together: Sobaipuri-O’Odham Contexts of Contact and Colonialism. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven 1988 Sources of Archaeological Obsidian in the Southwest: An Archaeological, Petrological, and Geochemical Study. American Antiquity 53:752–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven 1990 Early Hunter-Gatherer Procurement Ranges in the Southwest: Evidence from Obsidian Geochemistry and Lithic Technology. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven 1995 Sources of Archaeological Obsidian in the Greater American Southwest: An Update and Quantitative Analysis. American Antiquity 60:531–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven 2005 Obsidian: Geology and Archaeology in the North American Southwest. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven, and Daehnke, Jon 2004 Source Provenance of Obsidian Artifacts from Various Contexts on the Gila River Indian Community Land, Central Arizona. Berkeley Archaeological XRF Lab, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven, Eklund, Elizabeth, and Ogasawara, Caroline 2011 Source Provenance of Obsidian Artifacts from Crismon Ruin, AZ U:9:173 (ASM), Mesa, Arizona: Appendix G. In Crismon Ruin: A Hohokam Settlement at the Head of the Lehi Canal System, edited by T. Kathleen Henderson, pp. 479–182. Anthropological Papers No. 44. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. Steven, and Tucker, David B. 2001 Limited Prehistoric Procurement of Sand Tank Obsidian. Kiva 66:345–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, Anna M. 1994 A Pima Past. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Silliman, Stephen W. 2005 Obsidian Studies and the Archaeology of 19th Century California. Journal of Field Archaeology 30:75–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, Arleyn W., and Gosser, Dennis C. 2001 Conflict and Exchange Among the Salado of Tonto Basin: Warfare Motivation or Alleviation? In Deadly Landscapes: Case Studies in Prehistoric Warfare, edited by Glen E. Rice and Stephen A. LeBlanc, pp. 219–238. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Speakman, Robert J., and Steven Shackley, M. 2013 Silo Science and Portable XRF in Archaeology: A Response to Frahm. Journal of Archaeological Science 40:1435–1443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spier, Leslie 1933 The Yuman Tribes of the Gila River. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine R. 1991 Hunting by Prehistoric Horticulturists in the American Southwest. Garland Press, New York.Google Scholar
Teague, Lynn S. 1993 Prehistory and the Traditions of the O’odham and Hopi. Kiva 58:435–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vint, James M. 2005 An Instance of Violence Along Cienega Creek: The Cienega Creek Burials (AZ EE:2:480 [ASM]) and a Study of Protohistoric Projectile Technology in Southeastern Arizona. Technical Report No. 2005–101. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson.Google Scholar
Waters, Michael R., and Ravesloot, John C. 2000 Late Quaternary Geology of the Middle Gila River, Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona. Quaternary Research 45:49–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, Michael R., and Ravesloot, John C. 2001 Landscape Change and the Cultural Evolution of the Hohokam Along the Middle Gila River and Other River Valleys in South-Central Arizona. American Antiquity 66:285–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, George 1959 A Pima Remembers. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wells, E. Christian 2006 From Hohokam to O’Odham. The Protohistoric Occupation of the Middle Gila River Valley, Central Arizona. Gila River Indian Community, Anthropological Research Papers No. 3. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wells, E. Christian, Rice, Glen E., and Ravesloot, John C. 2004 Peopling Landscapes Between Villages in the Middle Gila River Valley of Central Arizona. American Antiquity 69:627–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, John P. (Forthcoming) Peoples of the Middle Gila: A Documentary History of the Pimas and Maricopas, 1500s–1945. Gila River Indian Community Archaeological Research Paper No. 6. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Woodson, M. Kyle 2010 The Social Organization of Hohokam Irrigation in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar