Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:41:34.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mississippian Specialization and Salt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jon Muller*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901

Abstract

Despite a tendency to treat Mississippian production as involving specialization, little effort has been made to test these proposals in actual field work. A distinction between specialization at a site and specialization of producers is made in this article and applied to materials from the Great Salt Spring, a Mississippian salt production site in southern Illinois. Testing and excavations in 1981 and 1982 show that this was a true limited activity site. Nonetheless, the data on producer organization do not strongly support the conclusion of specialist production there and are consistent with simpler models of non-specialist production.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Ahler, Steven, Muller, Jon, and Rabinowitz, Joel 1980 Archaeological Testing for the Smithland Pool, Illinois. Center for Archaeological Investigations Research Paper No. 13, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.Google Scholar
Blasingham, Emily J. 1972 The Prehistoric and Historic Uses of Saline Springs, Gallatin County, Illinois. Ms. on file, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois.Google Scholar
Boeke, J. H. 1942 The Structure of the Netherlands Indian Economy. International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. New York.Google Scholar
Brown, Ian 1980 Salt and the Eastern North American Indian: An Archaeological Study. Lower Mississippi Survey, Bulletin 6.Google Scholar
Butler, Brian M., Harrell, Glen P., and Hamilton, Mary C. 1979 An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Illinois Portions of the Smithland Pool of the Ohio River. Center for Archaeological Investigations Research Paper No. 5, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.Google Scholar
Cramer, Zadok 1814 The Navigator…. Cramer, Spear and Eichbaum, Pittsburgh. (Facsimile reprint, March of America No. 61, University Microfilms.)Google Scholar
Driver, Harold E. 1969 Indians of North America. 2d ed. University of Chicago, Chicago.Google Scholar
Earle, Timothy K. 1977 A Reappraisal of Redistribution: Complex Hawaiian Chiefdoms. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by Earle, T. K. and Ericson, J. E., pp. 213-229. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Robert K. 1978 Early Craft Specialization: An Example from the Balkan Chalcolithic. In Social Archeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating, edited by Redman, C. L. et al., pp. 113129. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Jane 1967 The Economy of Cities. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Jewell, Donald 1961 Archeology of the Oroville Dam Spillway. Sacramento: Central California Archeological Foundation.Google Scholar
Keslin, Richard O. 1964 Archaeological Implications on the Role of Salt as an Element of Cultural Diffusion. The Missouri Archaeologist, Vol. 26.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1976 Mississippian Population and Organization: Kincaid Locality Research, 1970-1975. Ms. on file, Center for Archaeological Investigations, SIU-C.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1978a The Southeast. In Ancient Native Americans, edited by Jennings, J. D., pp. 280325. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1978b The Kincaid System: Mississippian Settlement in the Environs of a Large Site. In Mississippian Settlement Patterns, edited by Smith, B. D., pp. 269292. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1980 From the Ridiculous to the Sublime: Small Sites in Large Systems. Paper presented at 1980 Society for American Archaeology meeting in Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1982 The Great Salt Spring: The 1982 Season Preliminary Report. Ms. on file, Shawnee Forest Office, National Forest Service, Harrisburg, IL and the Center for Archaeological Investigations, SIU-C.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon 1983 The Southeast. In Ancient North Americans, edited by Jennings, Jesse, pp. 373-419. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Muller, Jon, and Avery, George 1982 The Great Salt Spring: 1981 Season, A Preliminary Report. Ms. on file, Shawnee Forest Office, National Forest Service, Harrisburg, IL and the Center for Archaeological Investigations, SIU-C.Google Scholar
Myers, Jacob W. 1921-22 History of the Gallatin County Salines. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, XIV (October, 1921-January, 1922): 337349.Google Scholar
Peithman, Irvin 1953 A Preliminary Report on Salt-making and Pottery Manufacture at a Prehistoric Site in Gallatin County, Illinois. Illinois State Archaeological Society Journal 3(1): 6774.Google Scholar
Porter, James W. 1973 The Mitchell Site and Prehistoric Exchange Systems at Cahokia: A. D. 1000 ± 30. In Explorations into Cahokia Archaeology, pp. 137164. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin 7. Urbana.Google Scholar
Prentice, Guy 1983 Cottage Industries: Concepts and Implications. Mid-continent Journal of Archaeology 8(1): 1748.Google Scholar
Rice, Prudence M. 1981 Evolution of Specialized Pottery Production: A Trial Model. Current Anthropology, 22(3): 219240.Google Scholar
Santeford, Larry 1982 Mississippian Political Organization and Chipped Stone Artifacts. Unpublished Ph. D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University.Google Scholar
Seeman, Mark F. 1979 Feasting with the Dead: Ohio Hopewell Charnel House Ritual as a Context for Redistribution. In Hopewell Archaeology: The Chillico the Conference, edited by Brose, D. S. and Greber, N., pp. 3946.Google Scholar
Sellers, George Escol 1877 Aboriginal Pottery of the Salt-Springs, Illinois. Popular Science Monthly, XL573585.Google Scholar
Shipman, Pat 1981 Life History of a Fossil. An Introduction to Taphonomy and Paleoecology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Smith, George W. 1904 The Salines of Southern Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1904, Publication No. 9 of the Illinois State Historical Library, pp. 245258.Google Scholar
Winters, Howard D. 1967 An Archaeological Survey of the Wabash Valley in Illinois (revised). Illinois State Museum, Reports of Investigations, No. 10. Springfield.Google Scholar
Wood, W. Raymond 1968 Mississippian Hunting and Butchering Patterns: Bone from the Vista Shelter, 23SR-20, Missouri. American Antiquity 33: 170179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yerkes, Richard W. 1983 Microwear, Microdrills, and Mississippian Craft Specialization. American Antiquity 48(3): 499-518.Google Scholar