¹ 110 S. Ct. 2926 (1990).

² Id. at 2930-31.

³ Id. at 2945.

⁴ Id. at 2944.

⁵ Id. at 2947.

⁶ MINN. STAT. § 144.343(2) (1988), cited in Hodgson, 110 S. Ct. at 2930.

⁷ MINN. STAT. § 144.343(6)(c)(l) (1988), cited in Hodgson, 110 S. Ct. at 2932-33.

⁸ Hodgson, 110 S. Ct. at 2934.

⁹ Id. at 2942.

¹⁰ Id. at 2946.

¹¹ Id.

¹² Id. at 2957.

¹³ Id. at 2947.

¹⁴ Id. at 2945.

¹⁵ Id.

¹⁶ Id. 2942-43.

¹⁷ Id. 2944.

¹⁸ Id.

¹⁹ Id. at 2946.

¹ 110 S.Ct. 2972(1990).

² Id. at 2977.

³ Id. at 2983.

⁴ Id. at 2977.

⁵ Id.

⁶ Id. at 2974.

⁷ Id. at 2981-82.

⁸ Id. at 2982.

⁹ Id. at 2982-83.

¹⁰ Id. at 2981-82.

¹¹ Id. at 2982.

¹² Id. at 2983.

¹ 906 F.2d 1059 (5th Cir. 1990).

² Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a) (1983).

³ Dayton Indep. School Dist, 906 F.2d at 1066.

⁴ Id. at 1061.

⁵ Id. at 1064.

⁶ Id.

⁷ Id. at 1066.

⁸ Id. at 1065.

⁹ Id. at 1065-66.

¹ 908 F.2d 75 (6th Cir. 1990).

² Id. at 80.

³ Id.

⁴ Id.

⁵ Id.

⁶ Id. at 78-79.

⁷ Id. at 80.

⁸ Id.

⁹ Id.

¹⁰ Id.

¹¹ Id.

¹² Id. at 81.

¹ 909 F.2d 161 (6th Cir. 1990).

² Id. at 166-67.

³ Id. at 165.

⁴ Id. at 163.

⁵ Id. at 164.

⁶ Id.

⁷ Id.

⁸ Id. at 164-65.

⁹ Id. at 165.

¹⁰ Id.

¹ 573 A.2d 1235 (D.C. 1990).

² Id. at 1237.

³ Id. at 1247.

⁴ Id. at 1246-47.

⁵ Id. at 1239.

⁶ Id. at 1238-41.

⁷ Id. at 1242.

⁸ Id. at 1247.

⁹ Id.

¹⁰ Id. at 1249.

¹¹ Id. at 1250.

¹² Id.

¹³ Id. at 1247.

¹ 110 S. Ct. 2841 (1990).

² Id. at 2858.

³ Id. at 2854.

⁴ Id. at 2845.

⁵ Id. at 2846.

⁶ Id. at 2849.

⁷ Id. at 2855.

⁸ Id. at 2852.

⁹ Id. at 2854.

¹⁰ Id. at 2855.

¹¹ Id. at 2856.

¹² Id.

¹³ Id. at 2877 (Brennan.J., dissenting).

¹ HOS.Ct. 975(1990).

² 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1982 & Supp. 1990), cited in Zinermon, 110 S. Ct. at 977.

³ Zinermon, 110 S. Ct. at 977.

⁴ Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527 (1981), cited in Zinermon, 110 S. Ct. at 977.

⁵ Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984), cited in Zinermon, 110 S. Ct. at 978.

⁶ Zinermon, 110 S. Ct. at 977.

⁷ Id. at 979.

⁸ Id. at 980.

⁹ Id. at 981.

¹⁰ Id. at 985.

¹¹ Id. at 989.

¹² Id.

¹³ Id. at 990.

¹⁴ Id.

¹ 905 F.2d 858 (5th Cir. 1990).

² 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1982 & Supp. 1990), cited in Caine, 905 F.2d at 863.

³ Caine, 905 F.2d at 859.

⁴ Zinermon v. Burch, 110 S. Ct. 975 (1990), cited in Caine, 905 F.2d at 861.

⁵ Caine, 905 F.2d at 861.

⁶ Id. at 859.

⁷ Id.

⁸ Id. at 863.

⁹ Id. at 862.

¹⁰ Id.

¹¹ Id. at 863.

¹² Id. at 862.

¹³ Id.

¹⁴ Id.

¹⁵ Id. at 863.

¹ 110 S. Ct. 2510 (1990).

² 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(13)(A) (1982 & Supp. 1990).

³ Wilder, 110 S. Ct. at 2525.

⁴ Id. at 2518-19.

⁵ Id. at 2522.

⁶ Id. at 2514.

⁷ Id.

⁸ Id.

⁹ Id.

¹⁰ Id. at 2515.

¹¹ Id. at 2525.

¹² Id. at 2516-17.

¹³ Id. at 2517.

¹⁴ Id.

¹⁵ Id. at 2525.

¹⁶ Id.

¹ 889 F.2d 401 (2d Cir. 1989), cert, granted. Rust v. Sullivan, 110 S. Ct. 3234 (1990).

² New York v. Sullivan, 889 F.2d at 414.

³ Id. at 404

⁴ Public Health Serv. Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300a-l. a-2, a-3 (1988 & Supp. 1990).

⁵ Id. at § 300a-6.

⁶ Sullivan, 889 F.2d at 404.

⁷ Id.

⁸ Id.

⁹ Id. at 414.

¹⁰ Id. at 407.

¹¹ Id. at 411-12.

¹² Id. at 412.

¹³ Id. at 410.

¹ 577 A.2d 1239 (N.J. 1990).

² 15 U.S.C. §§ 1331-40 (1982 & Supp. Ill 1985).

³ Dewey, 577 A.2d at 1247.

⁴ Id.

⁵ Id. at 1249.

⁶ N.J. STAT. ANN. §§ 2A:58C-1 to C-7; (1987).

⁷ Dewey, 577 A.2d at 1252.

⁸ Id. at 1241.

⁹ Id.

¹⁰ Id.

¹¹ Id.

¹² Id.

¹³ Id.

¹⁴ Id. at 1243.

¹⁵ Id.

¹⁶ Id. at 1248.

¹⁷ Id. at 1251.

¹⁸ Id.

¹⁹ Id. at 1244.

²⁰ Id. at 1247.

²¹ Id. at 1248.

²² Id. at 1249.

²³ Id.

²⁴ Id. at 1249-50.

²⁵ Id. at 1252.

²⁶ Id.

²⁷ Id. at 1241.

²⁸ Id. at 1252.

²⁹ Id.

¹ 792 P.2d 1032 (Kan. 1990).

² Id. at 1037.

³ Id. See also KAN. STAT. ANN. § 60-1901 (1983).

⁴ Humes, 792 P.2d at 1042.

⁵ Id. at 1034.

⁶ Id. at 1034-35.

⁷ Id. at 1037.

⁸ Id.

⁹ Id.

¹⁰ Id. at 1042.

¹¹ Id. at 1042-43.

¹² Id. at 1040-41.