Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-22T18:18:37.829Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Political Implications of Gender Roles: A Review of the Literature*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

Wilma Rule Krauss
Wilma Rule Krauss
Affiliation:
Northern Illinois University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This essay introduces the reader to the contemporary literature on gender roles and feminine behavior, including the major concepts, empirical findings, and social thought which have implications for political behavior and research. Gender roles as they relate to the psychology and activity of men and women, and their systemic cultural, economic, and legal ramifications provide an explanation and a basis for understanding political behavior, including recurrent women's protest movements. Contemporary writing contributes to building a non-androcentric and accurate body of knowledge regarding political woman, and it calls into question the ideology of the biological determinism of political activity. The literature surveyed has potential usefulness for public policy: an expansion of democracy is viable with the discernment and removal of barriers which hinder substantial proportions of women from achieving political leadership and hence participating in authoritative decision making and value allocation. A bibliography of major references is appended.

Type
Book Reviews and Essays
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 68 , Issue 4 , December 1974 , pp. 1706 - 1723
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander, Rodney, The Shortchanged: Minorities and Women in Banking (New York: Dunellen, 1972).Google Scholar
American Political Science Association, Women in Political Science (Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 1971).Google Scholar
Amundsen, Kirsten, The Silenced Majority: Women and American Democracy (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971).Google Scholar
Andreas, Carol, Sex and Caste in America (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971).Google Scholar
Austin, H. S., The Woman Doctorate in America: Origins, Career, and Family (New York: Russell Sage, 1969).Google Scholar
Babox, Deborah and Belkin, Madeline, eds., Liberation Now: Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement (New York: Laurel, 1971).Google Scholar
Balogun, Barbra, “Marriage As An Oppressive Institution/Collectives as Solutions,” in Tanner, (listed below), pp. 292–296.Google Scholar
Bardwick, Judith, Psychology of Women: A Study of Bio-Cultural Conflicts (New York: Harper and Row, 1971).Google Scholar
Bardwick, Judith, and Douvan, Elizabeth, “Ambivalence: The Socialization of Women,” in Gornick, and Moran, (listed below), pp. 147–159.Google Scholar
Barron, Nancy, “Sex-Typed Language: The Production of Grammatical Cases,” Acta Sociologica, 14 (1, 2, 1971), 24–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bart, Pauline, “Mother Portnoy's Complaints,” Transaction, 8, (Nov./Dec., 1970), 69–74.Google Scholar
Basil, Douglas C., Women in Management (New York: Dunellen, 1972).Google Scholar
Beard, Mary R., Women as Force in History (New York: Collier: 1962).Google Scholar
Beauvoir, Simone de, The Second Sex (New York: Bantam Books, 1952).Google Scholar
Bebel, August, Woman Under Socialism (New York: Schocken Books, 1971).Google Scholar
Bernard, Jessie, Women and the Public Interest: An Essay on Policy and Protest (Chicago & New York: Aldine-Atherton, 1971).Google Scholar
Bird, Caroline and Briller, Sara Welles, Born Female: The High Cost of Keeping Women Down (New York: Pocket Books, 1971).Google Scholar
Boals, Kay, “On Getting Feminine Qualities into the Power Structure,” University (Fall, 1972), 6–12.Google Scholar
Bock, E. Wilbur, “Farmer's Daughter Effect: The Case of the Negro Female Professionals,” in The Professional Woman, ed. Theodore, Athena (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1971), pp. 39–51.Google Scholar
Boserup, Esther, Woman's Role in Economic Development (London: Allen and Unwin, 1971).Google Scholar
Boyd, Rosamonde, “Women and Politics in the United States and Canada,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 52–57.Google Scholar
Bullock, Charles S. III, and Heys, Patricia Lee Findley, “Recruitment of Women for Congress: A Research Note,” Western Political Quarterly, 25 (September, 1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullough, Vern L. and Bullough, Bonnie, The Subordinate Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Buyer, James, ed. Notable American Women, 1607–1950 (3 vols.), (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Cade, Toni, ed. The Black Woman: An Anthology (New York: New American Library, 1970).Google Scholar
California State Advisory Commission on the Status of Women, California Women (Sacramento: State of California, 1971).Google Scholar
Carden, Maren Lockwood, The New Feminist Movement (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1974).Google Scholar
Carlson, Rae, “Understanding Women: Implications for Personality Theory and Research,” Journal of Social Issues, 28 (2), 17–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catt, Carrie Chapman and Shuler, Nettie Rogers, Woman Suffrage and Politics, The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement (Seattle: University of Washington, 1970).Google Scholar
Center for the American Woman and Politics, Women State Legislators (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers, 1973).Google Scholar
Chafe, William Henry, The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic and Political Roles, 1920–1970 (New York: Oxford University, 1972).Google Scholar
Chancellor's Advisory Committee on the Status of Women at the City University of New York, The Status of Women at the City University of New York (New York: City University of New York, December, 1972).Google Scholar
Chesler, Phyllis, Women and Madness (New York: Doubleday, 1972).Google Scholar
Chylinska, Kamila, “Political Activity of Women in Eastern Europe,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 67–71.Google Scholar
Citizen's Advisory Council on the Status of Women, U.S. Department of Labor, Report of the Task Force on Family Law and Policy (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968).Google Scholar
Citizen's Advisory Council on the Status of Women, U.S. Department of Labor, Report of the Task Force on Labor Standards (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968).Google Scholar
Citizen's Advisory Council on the Status of Women, U.S. Department of Labor, Report of the Task Force on Social Insurance and Taxes (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968).Google Scholar
Citizen's Advisory Council on the Status of Women, Women in 1971 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, January, 1972).Google Scholar
Collins, Randall, “A Conflict Theory of Sexual Stratification,” Social Problems, 19 (Summer, 1971), 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-First Congress, Second Session. Discrimination Against Women: Parts 1, 2 (Washngton, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970).Google Scholar
Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-Second Congress. Equal Rights for Men and Women (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971).Google Scholar
Costantini, Edmond and Craik, Kenneth H., “Women as Politicians: The Social Background, Personality, and Political Careers of Female Party Leaders,” Journal of Social Issues, 28, 2 (1972), 217–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coser, Rose Lamb and Rokoff, Gerald, “Women in the Occupational World: Social Disruption and Conflict,” Social Problems, 18 (September, 1971), 535–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cudlipp, Edythe, Understanding Women's Liberation (New York: Paperback Library, 1971).Google Scholar
Davis, Elizabeth Gould, The First Sex (Baltimore: Penguin, 1972).Google Scholar
Dahlstrom, Edmund, “Analysis of the Debate [in Sweden] on Sex Roles,” in The Changing Roles of Men and Women, ed. Dahlstrom, (London: Gerald Duckworth, 1967), pp. 170–205.Google Scholar
Demos, John, “The American Family in Past Time,” American Scholar, 43 (Summer, 1974), 422–446.Google Scholar
Densmore, Dana, “On Celibacy,” in Tanner, (listed below), pp. 264–268.Google Scholar
Devaud, Marcelle Stanislas, “Political Participation of Western European Women,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 61–66.Google Scholar
Dixon, Ruth B., “Hallelujah the Pill,” Transaction, 8 (Nov./Dec., 1970), 44–49.Google ScholarPubMed
Duverger, Maurice, The Political Role of Women (Paris: UNESCO, 1955).Google Scholar
Ehlmann, Mary, Thinking About Women (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Carol, “The Male Sociologists' Burden: The Place of Women in Marriage and Family Texts,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33 (August, 1971), 421–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engels, Frederick, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (New York: Pathfinder, 1972).Google Scholar
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, “Positive Effects of the Multiple Negative: Explaining the Success of Black Professional Women,” in Changing Women in a Changing Society, ed. Huber, Joan (University of Chicago: 1973), pp. 150–173.Google Scholar
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, Woman's Place: Options and Limits in Professional Careers (Berkeley: University of California, 1971).Google Scholar
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, and Goode, William, eds., The Other Half: Roads to Women's Equality (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971).Google Scholar
Ferris, Abbott L., Indicators of Trends in the Status of American Women (New York: Russell Sage, 1971).Google Scholar
Fichter, Joseph H., “Career Expectations of Negro Women Graduates,” in The Professional Woman, ed. Theodore, Athena (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1971), pp. 427–440.Google Scholar
Firestone, Shulamith, The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution (New York: Bantam Books, 1970).Google Scholar
Flexner, Eleanor, Century of Struggle: The Women's Rights Movement in the United States (New York: Atheneum, 1970).Google Scholar
Flora, Cornelia Butler, “The Passive Female: Her Comparative Image by Class and Culture in Women's Magazine Fiction,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33 (August, 1971), 435–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, Michael P., Rhona, and Rapoport, Robert N., Sex, Career, Family (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1971).Google Scholar
Foote, Frieda Lillian, Role Stress and Cultural Resources: A Study of the Role of Woman Members of Congress, (Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University, 1967).Google Scholar
Fredricksson, Ingrid, “The Future Role of Women,” Futures (December, 1969), 532–540.Google Scholar
Freeman, Jo, New Thoughts on Women (Berkeley: National, 1974).Google Scholar
Freeman, Jo, “The Legal Basis of the Sexual Caste System,” Valparaiso Law Review 5, (Spring, 1971), 203–235.Google Scholar
Freeman, Jo, “The Origins of the Women's Liberation Movement,” in Changing Women in a Changing Society, ed. Huber, Joan (University of Chicago: 1973), pp. 30–49.Google Scholar
Freeman, Jo, “The Revolution is Happening in Our Minds,” in Sochen (listed below), pp. 149–160.Google Scholar
Freeman, Jo, “The Social Construction of the Second Sex,” in Roles Women Play: Readings Toward Women's Liberation, ed. Garskof, Michele (Belmont, Calif.: Brooks, Coles, 1971).Google Scholar
Friedan, Betty, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Dell, 1963).Google Scholar
Fujita, Taki, “Women and Politics in Japan,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 91–101.Google Scholar
Gavron, Hannah, The Captive Wife: Conflicts of Housebound Mothers, (New York: Humanities, 1966).Google Scholar
Geiger, Kent, “Experimental/Utopian Forms of the Family,” Skolnick and Skolnick (listed below), pp. 476–481.Google Scholar
Giele, Janet Zollinger, “Centuries of Womanhood: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Feminine Role,” Women's Studies, 1, 1, 97–110.Google Scholar
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, The Home: Its Work and Influence (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1972).Google Scholar
Gold, Sonia S., “Alternative National Goals and Women's Employment,” Science, 179 (Feb. 16, 1973), 656–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goode, William J., “Force and Violence in the Family,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33 (November, 1971), 624–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goode, William J., World Revolution and Family Patterns (New York: Free Press, 1963).Google Scholar
Gornick, Vivian and Moran, Barbara K., eds., Women in Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1971).Google Scholar
Gough, Kathleen, “The Origin of the Family,” Journal of Marriage and The Family, 33 (November, 1971), 760–771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Patricia Albjerg, “Women in Academe,” Science, 169 (September, 1970), 1284–1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, J. J., Women Leaders of the Philippines: Social Backgrounds and Social Attitudes, (Ph.D. Dissertation, Syracuse University, 1970).Google Scholar
Greer, Germaine, The Female Eunuch, (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970).Google Scholar
Grimké, Sarah, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women (Boston: Knapp, 1838).Google Scholar
Grimshaw, Patricia, Women's Suffrage in New Zealand (Auckland University, 1972).Google Scholar
Gross, Edward, “Plus Ca Change …? The Sexual Structure of Occupations Over Time,” Social Problems, 16 (Fall, 1968), 198–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruberg, Martin, Women in American Politics (Osh-gosh: Academia, 1968).Google Scholar
Haavio-Manila, Elina, “Convergences Between East and West: Tradition and Modernity in Sex Roles in Sweden, Finland, and the Soviet Union,” Acta Sociologica, 14, (1, 2, 1971), 114–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hackett, Amy and Pomeroy, Sarah, “Making History: The First Sex,” Feminist Studies, I (Fall, 1972), 109–120.Google Scholar
Hapgood, Karen E., Women in Planning (Chicago: American Society of Planning Officials, 1971).Google Scholar
Harbeson, Gladys Evans, Choice and Challenge for the American Woman, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., Inc., 1971).Google Scholar
Hare, Nathan and Hare, Julia, “Black Women 1970,” Transaction, 8 (Nov./Dec., 1970), 65–68.Google Scholar
Harris, Louis and Associates, The 1972 Virginia Slims American Women's Opinon Poll (New York: Louis Harris and Associates, n.d.).Google Scholar
Harvard Civil Rights—Civil Liberties Law Review, 6 (March, 1971).Google Scholar
Heiskanen, Veronica Stalte, “Sex Roles, Social Class and Political Consciousness,” Acta Sociologica, 14 (1, 2, 1971), 83–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, Lisa, Love and Liberation, Up Front with the Feminists (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970).Google Scholar
Holmstrom, Lynda L., The Two-Career Family (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1972).Google Scholar
Holt, Judith and Levine, E., The Rebirth of Feminism (New York: Quadrangle, 1971).Google Scholar
Holter, Harriet, Sex Roles and Social Structure (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1973).Google Scholar
Horner, Matina S., “Toward an Understanding of Achievement-Related Conflicts in Women,” Journal of Social Issues, 28, 2 (1972), 157–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homey, Karen, Feminine Psychology (New York: W. W. Norton, 1967).Google Scholar
Horoszowski, Pawel, “Woman's Status in Socialistic and Capitalistic Countries (II),” International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 1 (September, 1971), 1–21.Google Scholar
Hoskins, Dalmer and Bixby, Lenore E., Women and Social Security: Law and Policy in Five Countries (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973).Google Scholar
Israel, Joachim and Eliasson, Rosmari, “Consumption Society, Sex Roles and Sexual Behavior,” Acta Sociologica, 14, (1–2, 1971), 68–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacquette, Jane S., ed., Women in Politics (New York: Wiley, 1974).Google Scholar
Jennings, M. Kent and Thomas, Norman, “Men and Women in Party Elites: Social Roles and Political Resources,” Midwest Journal of Political Science, 12 (November, 1968), 469–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jesser, Clinton J., “Women in Society: Some Academic Perspectives and the Issues Therein,” International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 2 (September, 1972), 246–259.Google Scholar
Jones, Beverly and Brown, Judith, “Towards a Female Liberation Movement,” in Tanner, (listed below), 362–413.Google Scholar
Kanowitz, Leo, Women and the Law, The Unfinished Revolution (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1969).Google Scholar
Klein, Viola, Britain's Married Women Workers (New York: Humanities, 1965).Google Scholar
Klein, Viola, The Feminine Character: History of an Ideology (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1971).Google Scholar
Knudsen, Dean, “Declining Status of Women: Popular Myths and the Failure of Functionalist Thought,” Social Forces, 48 (December, 1969), 183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlberg, Lawrence, “A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Sex-Role Concepts,” in Family in Transition, ed. Skolnick, and Skolnick, (listed below), pp. 221–231.Google Scholar
Komisar, Lucy, “The Image of Women in Advertising,” in Gornick, and Moran, (listed above), pp. 207–217.Google Scholar
Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan, “Childbirth and Child Rearing Leave: Job-Related Benefits,” New York Law Forum, 17, 2, 480–502.Google Scholar
Koyama, Takashi, The Changing Social Position of Women in Japan (Paris: UNESCO, 1961).Google Scholar
Kraditor, Aileen S., The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971).Google Scholar
Kraditor, Aileen S., ed., Up From the Pedestal: Selected Writings in the History of American Feminism (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1970).Google Scholar
Krauss, Wilma R., “Political Recruitment of Women in Parliament and Local Government: A Comparative Study,” in Political Recruitment, ed. Eulau, Heinz and Crudnowski, Moshe (New York: AldineAtherton, forthcoming).Google Scholar
Kreps, Juanita, Sex in the Marketplace: American Women at Work (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Kruschke, Earl Rogers, Female Politicals and Apoliticals: Some Measurements and Comparisons, (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin. 1963).Google Scholar
Kurganoff, I. A., Women in the U.S.S.R. (Ontario, Canada: London, 1971).Google Scholar
Kuriansky, Joan and Smith, Catherine, Shirley Chisholm (Washington, D.C.: Grossman, 1972).Google Scholar
Ladner, Joyce A., Tomorrow's Tomorrow (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1972).Google Scholar
Lamson, Peggy, Few Are Chosen: American Women in Political Life Today (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968).Google Scholar
Lansing, Marjorie, “Sex Differences in Voting and Activism,” forthcoming in Jacquette (listed above).Google Scholar
Lapidus, Gail, “Women in the Politics of the USSR,” in Jacquette (listed above).Google Scholar
Leavitt, Ruby R., “Women in Other Cultures,” in Gornick, and Moran, (listed above), pp. 276–303.Google Scholar
Lebeuf, Annie, “The Role of Women in the Political Organization of African Societies,” in Reeves (listed below), pp. 319–332.Google Scholar
Leijon, Anna-Greta, Swedish Women-Swedish Men (Stockholm: The Swedish Institute for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, 1968).Google Scholar
Lemons, J. Stanley, The Woman Citizen: Social Feminism in the 1920s (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1973).Google Scholar
Lerner, Gerda, The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1967).Google Scholar
Lerner, Gerda, ed., Black Women in White America: A Documentary History (New York: Pantheon, 1972).Google Scholar
Lever, Janet and Schwartz, Pepper, Women at Yale: Liberating a College Campus (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971).Google Scholar
Levitin, Teresa, Quinn, Robert P. and Staines, Graham L., “Sex Discrimination Against the American Working Woman,” American Behavioral Scientist, 15 (Nov./Dec., 1971), 237–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lifton, Robert Jay, ed., The Women in America (Boston: Beacon, 1967).Google Scholar
Lopata, Helen Znaniecki, Occupation Housewife (London: Oxford University, 1972).Google Scholar
Lopate, Carol, Women in Medicine (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins, 1968).Google Scholar
Lynn, Naomi B. and Flora, Cornelia B.. “Motherhood and Political Participation: The Changing Sense of Self,” Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 1 (Spring, 1973).Google Scholar
Lynn, Naomi B. and Flora., Cornelia B., “Women in American Politics: An Overview,” in Freeman, 1974 (listed above).Google Scholar
Mandel, William, “Soviet Women in the Work Force and Professions,” American Behavioral Scientist, 15 (Nov./Dec., 1971), 255–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandle, Joan, “Woman's Liberation: Humanizing Rather Than Polarizing,” Annals, 397 (September, 1971), 118–128.Google Scholar
Marcus, Barbara, “The Year of the Women Candidates,” Ms., 1 (September, 1972), 64–69.Google Scholar
Marmor, Judd, “Changing Patterns in Feminity,” in Skolnick, and Skolnick, (listed below), pp. 210–221.Google Scholar
Martin, Wendy, “Seduced and Abandoned in the New World: The Image of Women in American Fiction,” in Gornick, and Moran, (listed above), pp. 226–239.Google Scholar
McGinley, Phyllis, “Saint Watching,” in Reeves, (listed below), pp. 333–343.Google Scholar
Mead, Margaret, Male and Female: A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World (New York: Dell, 1949).Google Scholar
Mead, Margaret, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (New York: Dell, 1963).Google Scholar
Means, Ingunn Norderval, “Political Recruitment of Women in Norway,” Western Political Quarterly, 25 (September, 1972), 491–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menon Lakshmi, N., “From Constitutional Recognition to Public Office,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 34–43.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart, “The Subjection of Women” in Essays on Sex Equality, ed. Rossi, Alice S., (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millett, Kate, Sexual Politics (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1970).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Juliet, Woman's Estate (New York: Pantheon Books, 1971).Google Scholar
Montagu, Ashley, The Natural Superiority of Women (New York: Collier Books, 1968).Google Scholar
Morgan, Elaine, The Descent of Women (New York: Stein and Day, 1972),Google Scholar
Morgan, David, Suffragists and Democrats: The Politics of Woman Suffrage in American (East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State, 1972).Google Scholar
Morgan, Robin, ed., Sisterhood is Powerful (New York: Vintage, 1970).Google Scholar
Myrdal, Alva and Klein, Viola, Women's Two Roles: At Home and Work (N.Y. Humanities, 1968).Google Scholar
Nagel, Stuart and Weitzman, Lenore J., “Double Standard of American Justice,” Society, 9 (March, 1972), 18–25 and 62–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newcomer, Mabel, A Century of Higher Education for Women (New York: Harper, 1959).Google Scholar
Norris, Ada, “Women's Participation in the South Pacific,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 97–101.Google Scholar
Oltman, Ruth M., Campus 1970: Where Do Women Stand (Washington, D.C.: American Association of University Women, December, 1970).Google Scholar
O'Neill, William L., Everyone Was Brave: A History of Feminism in America (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1969).Google Scholar
O'Neill, William L., ed., The Woman's Movement: Feminism in the United States and England (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1971).Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade, “Demographic Influeince in Female Employment and the Status of Women,” in Changing Women in a Changing Society, ed. Huber, Joan (University of Chicago: 1973), pp. 184–199.Google Scholar
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Employment of Women (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Regional Trade Union Seminar, 26th-29th November 1968).Google Scholar
Palme, Olof, “The Emancipation of Man,” Journal of Social Issues, 28 2 (1972), pp. 237–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paloma, Margaret M. and Garland, T. Neal, “The Married Professional Woman: A Study in the Tolerance of Domestication,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33 (August, 1971), 531–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Gail, ed., The Oven Birds: American Women on Womanhood, 1820–1920 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972).Google Scholar
Parsons, Talcott, “Age and Sex in the Social Structure of the United States,” in Personality in Nature, Society and Culture, ed. Cluckhorn, Clyde and Murray, Henry A. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967).Google Scholar
Pescatello, Ann, ed., Female and Male in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrie, Glen, A Singular Iniquity: The Campaigns of Josephine Butler (New York: The Viking Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Porter, Mary Cornelia, “Bibliographic Essay” in Jacquette (listed above).Google Scholar
Porter, Mary Cornelia, and Matasar, Ann B., “The Role and Status of Women in the Daley Organization,” forthcoming in Jacquette (listed above).Google Scholar
President's Commission on the Status of Women, 1963. President's Task Force on Women's Rights and Responsibilities, A Matter of Simple Justice (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, April, 1970).Google Scholar
Putnam, Emily James, The Lady: Studies of Certain Significant Phases of Her History (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1969).Google Scholar
Pyun, Chong Soo, “The Monetary Value of a Housewife,” in Woman in a Man-Made World, ed. Glazer-Malbin, Nona and Waehrer, Helen Youngelson (New York: Rand McNally, 1972), pp. 187–194.Google Scholar
Raksastaya, Amara, “The Political Role of Southeast Asian Women,” Annals, 375 (Jan., 1968), 86–90.Google Scholar
Ramey, Estelle R., “Sex Hormones and Executive Ability,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 208 (March 15, 1973), 237–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rapoport, Rhona and Rapoport, Robert, Dual-Career Families (New York: Penguin, 1972).Google Scholar
Reeves, Nancy, Womankind: Beyond the Stereotypes (Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1971).Google Scholar
Riegel, Robert E., American Women: A Story of Social Change (Cranbury, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1970).Google Scholar
Romer, Karen T. and Secor, Cynthia, “The Time is Here for Women's Liberation.” Annals, 397 (September, 1971), 129–139.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Marie B. and Bergstrom, Len V., Women and Society (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, forthcoming, 1974).Google Scholar
Ross, Susan Deller, “Sex Discrimination and Protective Labor Legislation” (New YorkUniversity Law School, May 1, 1970).Google Scholar
Rossi, Alice S. and Calderwood, Ann, eds., Academic Women on the Move (New York: Russell Sage, 1973).Google Scholar
Rossi, Alice S. and Calderwood, Ann, “Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal,” in Lifton, (listed above), 98–143.Google Scholar
Rowbotham, Sheila, Women, Resistance and Revolution: A History of Women and Revolution in the Modem World (New York: Pantheon, 1972).Google Scholar
Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina, “A Cross-Cultural Examination of Women's Marital, Educational and Occupational Options,” Acta Sociologica, 14 (1/2, 1971), 96–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salaff, Janet Weitzner and Merkle, Judith, “Women in Revolution: The Lessons of the Soviet Union and China,” Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 15 (1970), 166–191.Google Scholar
Sanday, Peggy R., “Toward a Theory of the Status of Women,” American Anthropologist, 75 (1973), 1682–1700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlegel, Alice, Male Dominance and Female Autonomy: Domestic Authority in Matrilineal Societies (New Haven: Human Relations Area Files, 1972).Google Scholar
Schneir, Miriam, ed., Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings (New York: Vintage, 1972).Google Scholar
Schuster, A., “Women's Role in the Soviet Union: Ideology and Reality,” Russian Review, 30 (July, 1971), 260–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Ann Firor, ed., The American Woman: Who Was She? (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971).Google Scholar
Scott, Ann Firor, ed., The Southern Lady, From Pedestal to Politics, 1830–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1970).Google Scholar
Sherfey, Mary Jane, The Nature and Evaluation of Female Sexuality (N.Y.: Random House, 1972).Google Scholar
Silver, Catherine Bodard, “Salon, Foyer, Bureau: Women and the Professions in France,” in Changing Women in a Changing Society, ed. Huber, JoanUniversity of Chicago: 1973), pp. 74–89.Google Scholar
Skolnick, Arlene S. and Skolnick, Jerome H., eds., Family in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1971).Google Scholar
Snow, Helen Foster, Women in Modern China (The Hague and Paris: Mouton and Company, 1967).Google Scholar
Sochen, June, ed., The New Feminism in Twentieth-Century America (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1971).Google Scholar
Stambler, Sookie, ed., Women's Liberation: Blueprint for the Future (New York): Ace, 1970).Google Scholar
Stevens, Evelyn, “Machismo and Marianismo,” Society (Sept./Oct. 1973), 57–63.Google Scholar
Strauss, Murray, “Some Social Antecedents of Physical Punishment: A Linkage Theory Interpretation,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33 (Nov., 1971), 658–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suelzle, Marijean, “Women in Labor,” Transaction, 8 (Nov./Dec., 1970), 50–58.Google Scholar
Suelzle, Marijean, “Women in the Academic Marketplace,” in Women: Social and Psychological Determinants of Feminine Behavior, ed. Paige, Karen, (New York: Synauer Press, forthcoming).Google Scholar
Sullerot, Evelyne, Women, Society and Change (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971).Google Scholar
Government, Swedish, The Status of Women in Sweden: Report to the United Nations (Stockholm: The Swedish Institute, 1968).Google Scholar
Sweet, James A., “Labor Force Reentry by Mothers of Young Children,” Social Science Research, 1 (June, 1972), 189–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szalai, Alexander, The Situation of Women in the United Nations (New York: United Nations Institute for Training and Research, 1973).Google Scholar
Tanner, Leslie B., ed., Voices From Women's Liberation (New York: New American Library, 1970).Google Scholar
Temin, Carolyn E., “Discriminatory Sentencing of Women Offenders: The Argument for ERA in a Nutshell,” American Criminal Law Review, 11 (Winter, 1973), 355–372.Google Scholar
Theodore, Athena, “The Professional Woman: Trends and Prospects,” in The Professional Woman, ed. Theodore, (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1971), pp. 1–35.Google Scholar
Tiger, Lionel, Men in Groups (New York: Random House, 1969).Google Scholar
Trilling, Diana, “The Image of Women in Contemporary Literature,” in Lifton, (listed above), pp. 52–71.Google Scholar
Ungor, Beraet Zeki, “Women in the Middle East and North Africa and Universal Suffrage,” Annals, 375 (January, 1968), 72–79.Google Scholar
United Nations, Commission on the Status of Women, Constitutions, Electoral Laws and Other Legal Instruments Relating to the Political Rights of Women (New York: United Nations, 1968).Google Scholar
United Nations General Assembly, Political Rights of Women (New York: United Nations, December 15, 1970; December 17, 1970; November 30, 1971).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Fact Sheet on the Earnings Gap (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, February, 1971).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, Background Facts of Women Workers (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, The Fuller Utilization of the Woman Physician (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor Women's Bureau, Job Horizons for College Women Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, 1969 Handbook on Women Workers (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, Underutilization of Women Workers (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967).Google Scholar
U'ren, Marjorie, “The Image of Women in Textbooks,” in Gornick, and Moran, (listed above), pp. 218–225.Google Scholar
Ward, Barbara E., ed., Women in the New Asia (Paris: UNESCO, 1963).Google Scholar
Ware, Celestine, Woman Power: The Movement of Women's Liberation (New York: Tower Public Affairs, 1970).Google Scholar
Weisstein, Naomi, “Psychology Constructs the Female,” in Gornick, and Moran, , eds. (listed above), pp. 133–146.Google Scholar
Werner, Emmy E. and Bachtold, Louise, “Personality Characteristics of Women in American Politics,” forthcoming in Jacquette (listed above).Google Scholar
Werner, Emmy E. and Bachtold, Louise, “Women in the State Legislatures,” Western Political Quarterly, 21 (March, 1968), 40–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, Emmy E. and Bachtold, Louise, “Women in Congress: 1917–1964,” Western Political Quarterly, 19 (March, 1966), 16–30.Google Scholar
Wolf, Margery, Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan (Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wollstonecraft, Mary, Vindication of the Rights of Women (London: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1929).Google Scholar
Wormser, Ellen, “Introduction,” The Bureaucrat, I (Fall, 1972), 211–213.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.