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Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2008

ALAN S. GERBER ,
DONALD P. GREEN  and
CHRISTOPHER W. LARIMER
ALAN S. GERBER*
Affiliation:
Yale University
DONALD P. GREEN*
Affiliation:
Yale University
CHRISTOPHER W. LARIMER*
Affiliation:
University of Northern Iowa
*
Alan S. Gerber is Professor, Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (alan.gerber@yale.edu).
Donald P. Green is Professor, Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
Christopher W. Larimer is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Northern Iowa, 1227 West 27th Street, Cedar Falls, IA 50614.
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Abstract

Voter turnout theories based on rational self-interested behavior generally fail to predict significant turnout unless they account for the utility that citizens receive from performing their civic duty. We distinguish between two aspects of this type of utility, intrinsic satisfaction from behaving in accordance with a norm and extrinsic incentives to comply, and test the effects of priming intrinsic motives and applying varying degrees of extrinsic pressure. A large-scale field experiment involving several hundred thousand registered voters used a series of mailings to gauge these effects. Substantially higher turnout was observed among those who received mailings promising to publicize their turnout to their household or their neighbors. These findings demonstrate the profound importance of social pressure as an inducement to political participation.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 102 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 33 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2008

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