Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T07:21:22.086Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Concrete Theory: An Emerging Political Method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Ruth Lane*
Affiliation:
American University

Abstract

Concrete theory is defined by a cluster of attributes—emphasis on governmental and other political elites, on strategic decision-making processes freed from narrow notions of economic rationality, and on a concern with the environment and institutions within which choice occurs. The approach has been observed recently in all research-oriented subfields within political science. Eight exemplars are discussed. Concrete theory demonstrates a novel combination of strong interest in empirical political processes, formalized through models that emphasize logical structure and depth explanation. Its effect is to bridge the gap between behavioral and institutional approaches.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achen, Christopher H. 1983. “Toward Theories of Data: The State of Political Methodology.” In Political Science, ed. Finifter, Ada W.. Washington: American Political Science Association.Google Scholar
Almond, Gabriel A. 1988. “Separate Tables: Schools and Sects in Political Science.PS 21:828–42.Google Scholar
Almond, Gabriel A., and Coleman, James S., eds. 1960. The Politics of the Developing Areas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Almond, Gabriel A., Nordlinger, Eric A., Lowi, Theodore J., and Fabbrini, Sergio. 1988. “Symposium: The Return to the State.American Political Science Review 82:853901.Google Scholar
Apter, David. 1965. The Politics of Modernization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Apter, David. 1972. Chana In Transition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Asher, Herbert B. 1988. Presidential Elections and American Politics. 4th ed.Homewood: Dorsey.Google Scholar
Ball, Terence, ed. 1987. Idioms of Inquiry: Critique and Renewal in Political Science. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Barber, James David. 1977. The Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in the White House. 2d ed.Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Barber, James David. 1980. The Pulse of Politics: Electing Presidents in the Media Age. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Barnard, Chester Irving. 1938. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1968.Google Scholar
Bates, Robert H. 1981. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bates, Robert H. 1983. Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, Arthur F. 1908. The Process of Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1967.Google Scholar
Bienen, Henry, and de Walle, Nicolas van. 1989. “Time and Power in Africa.American Political Science Review 83:1934.Google Scholar
Birnbaum, Jeffrey H., and Murray, Alan S.. 1988. Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Boynton, G. Robert. 1980. Mathematical Thinking about Politics: An Introduction to Discrete Time Systems. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Buchanan, James M., and Tullock, Gordon. 1962. The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E.. 1964. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E.. 1966. Elections and the Political Order. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Chilcote, Ronald H. 1981. Theories of Comparative Politics: The Search for a Paradigm. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1964. Introduction to Mathematical Sociology. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Collini, Stefan, Winch, Donald, and Burrow, John. 1983. That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronin, Thomas E. 1980. The State of the Presidency. 2d ed.Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1963. Modern Political Analysis. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Dogan, Mattei, and Pelassy, Dominique. 1984. How to Compare Nations: Strategies in Comparative Politics. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.Google Scholar
Donagan, Alan. 1964. “Historical Explanation: The Popper-Hempel Theory Reconsidered.History and Theory 6:326.Google Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Dryzek, John S., and Leonard, Stephen T.. 1988. “History and Discipline in Political Science.American Political Science Review 82:1245–60.Google Scholar
Easton, David. 1953. The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Easton, David. 1965. A System Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Eulau, Heinz. 1963. The Behavioral Persuasion in Politics. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Evans, Peter B., Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda, eds. 1985. Bringing the States Back In. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Farr, James. 1987. “Resituating Explanation.” In Idioms of Inquiry, ed. Ball, Terence. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Farr, James. 1988. “Political Science and the Enlightenment of Enthusiasm.American Political Science Review 82:5169.Google Scholar
Fenno, Richard F. Jr., 1966. The Power of the Purse: Appropriations Politics in Congress. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Fenno, Richard F. Jr., 1978. Home Style. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Finifter, Ada W., ed. 1983. Political Science: The State of the Discipline. Washington: American Political Science Association.Google Scholar
George, Alexander, and Smoke, Richard. 1974. Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Glaser, Barney G., and Strauss, Anselm L.. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Prison Notebooks. New York: International.Google Scholar
Gunnell, John G. 1988. “American Political Science, Liberalism, and the Invention of Political Theory.American Political Science Review 82:7187.Google Scholar
Hargrove, Erwin C., and Nelson, Michael. 1984. Presidents, Politics, and Policy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Harre, Romano. 1970. The Principles of Scientific Thinking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Harre, Romano. 1986. Varieties of Realism: A Rationale for the Natural Sciences. New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hempel, Carl Gustav. 1965. “Aspects of Scientific Explanation” and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Jane. 1970. The Economy of Cities. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary. 1980. Money in Congressional Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary, and Kernell, Samuel. 1983. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. 2d ed.New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Janos, Andrew C. 1986. Politics and Paradigms: Changing Theories of Change in Social Science. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Jennings, M. Kent, and Niemi, Richard G.. 1981. Generations and Politics: A Panel Study of Young Adults and Their Parents. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, and Tversky, Amos, eds. 1982. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemeny, John G., and Snell, J. Laurie. 1978. Mathematical Models in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kernell, Samuel. 1986. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington: Congressional Quarterly.Google Scholar
Kessel, John H. 1980. Presidential Campaign Politics. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.Google Scholar
Kessel, John H., Cole, George F., and Seddig, Robert G.. 1970. Micropolitics: Individual and Group Level Concepts. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. Jr., 1964. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. 5th ed.New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. Jr., 1966. The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936–1960. Cambridge: Belknap.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. 1976. The New Presidential Elite: Men and Women in National Politics. New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Twentieth Century Fund.Google Scholar
Kramer, Gerald H. 1986. “Political Science As Science.” In Political Science: The Science of Politics, ed. Weisberg, Herbert F.. New York: Agathon.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lakatos, Imre. 1970. “Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes.” In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, ed. Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lave, Charles A., and March, James G.. 1975. An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Levi, Margaret. 1987. “Theories of Historical and Institutional Change.PS 20:684–88.Google Scholar
Liebenow, J. Gus. 1986. African Politics: Crises and Challenges. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1981. Political Man: The Social Basis of Politics. Rev. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lukacs, Gyorgy. 1971. History and Class Consciousness. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Macridis, Roy C. 1955. The Study of Comparative Government. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
March, James G., and Olsen, Johan P.. 1984. “The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life.American Political Science Review. 78:734–49.Google Scholar
Meier, Gerald M., and Seers, Dudley. 1984. Pioneers in Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meier, Gerald M., ed. 1987. Pioneers in Development: Second Series. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. 1957. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Warren E., and Jennings, M. Kent. 1986. Parties in Transition: A Longitudinal Study of Party Elites and Party Supporters. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Moe, Terry M. 1980. The Organization of Interests: Incentives and the Internal Dynamics of Political Interest Groups. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, John S. 1975. “Accidents, Laws, and Philosophic Flaws: Behavioral Explanations in Dahl and Dahrendorf.Comparative Politics 7:435–57.Google Scholar
Neustadt, Richard E. 1980. Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership from FDR to Carter. 2d ed.New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Niemi, Richard G. 1986. “The Dynamics of Public Opinion.” In Political Science: The Science of Politics, ed. Weisberg, Herbert F.. New York: Agathon.Google Scholar
North, Douglass C., and Thomas, Robert P.. 1973. The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur Jr., 1971. The Logic of Collective Action. Rev. ed. New York: Schocken.Google Scholar
Parsons, Talcott. 1951. The Social System. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.Google Scholar
Petrocik, John R. 1981. Party Coalitions: Realignment and the Decline of the New Deal Party System. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Popkin, Samuel L. 1979. The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl R. 1959. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl R. 1972. Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Pressman, Jeffrey L., and Wildavsky, Aaron. 1979. Implementation. 2d ed.Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1985. Capitalism and Social Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, and Sprague, John. 1986. Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Pye, Lucian E. 1968. “Description, Analysis, and Sensitivity to Change.” In Political Science and Public Policy, ed. Ranney, Austin. Chicago: Markham.Google Scholar
Ricci, David M. 1984. The Tragedy of Politicai Science: Politics, Scholarship, and Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Riker, William H. 1962. The Theory of Political Coalitions. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rose, Richard. 1980. Electoral Participation: A Comparative Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Schelling, Thomas. 1960. Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Seidelman, Raymond, and Harpham, Edward J.. 1985. Disenchanged Realists: Political Science and the American Crisis, 1884–1984. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. 1945. Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Process in Administrative Organization. New York: Free Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. 1957. Models of Man: Social and Rational. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. 1982. Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol 2, Behavioral Economics and Business Organization. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Skowronek, Stephen. 1984. “Presidential Leadership in Political Time.” In The Presidency and the Political System, ed. Nelson, Michael. Washington: Congressional Quarterly.Google Scholar
Stewart, Philip D., Hermann, Margaret G., and Hermann, Charles F.. 1989. “Modeling the 1973 Soviet Decision to Support Egypt.American Political Science Review 83:3559.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968. Constructing Social Theories. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.Google Scholar
Sylvan, Donald A., and Chan, Steve, eds. 1984. Foreign Policy Decision Making: Perception, Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Sylvan, David, and Glassner, Barry. 1984. A Rationalist Methodology for the Social Sciences. New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, ed. 1975. Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tullock, Gordon. 1965. The Politics of Bureaucracy. Washington: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney. 1985. “Comparative Politics: Where Have We Been, Where Are We Going?” In New Directions in Comparative Politics ed. Wiarda, Howard J.. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 19741980. The Modern World System 2 vols. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Wason, Peter Cathcart, and Johnson-Laird, Philip N.. 1972. Psychology of Reasoning: Structure and Content. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Watkins, John. 1970. “Imperfect Rationality.” In Explanation in the Behavioral Sciences, ed. Borger, Robert and Goffi, Frank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weisberg, Herbert F., ed. 1986. Political Science: The Science of Politics. New York: Agathon.Google Scholar
Wisdom, J. O. 1970. “Situational Individualism and the Emergent Group-Properties.” In Explanation in the Behavioral Sciences ed. Borger, Robert and Cioffi, Frank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.