Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T20:01:04.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hirbemerdon Tepe: a late third to mid second millennium BC settlement of the upper Tigris valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Nicola Laneri ,
Stefano Valentini  and
Anacleto D'Agostino
Nicola Laneri
Affiliation:
Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, Rome
Stefano Valentini
Affiliation:
University of Florence
Anacleto D'Agostino
Affiliation:
University of Florence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The increased number of archaeological activities, underway as a result of the projected construction of the Ilısu dam to be built along the Tigris river in southeastern Anatolia, have brought to light numerous structures associated with the material culture of the late third millennium to mid second millennium BC. The assemblages are characterised by a local variety of pottery, the so-called ‘Red Brown Wash Ware’, usually found in contexts associated with materials similar to those available from contemporaneous periods in northern Mesopotamia, northern Syria and Anatolia. As a consequence, this paper investigates the apparent cultural interactions which took place between the Mesopotamian and Anatolian regions during the above-mentioned period, drawing on recent data obtained at the site of Hirbemerdon Tepe located along the upper Tigris river valley in southeastern Anatolia. Through this overview, an additional objective is to bring to a broader public the material culture of this relatively little known yet increasingly significant region of the ancient Near East.

Özet

Güneydoğu Anadolu'da, Dicle nehri üzerinde yapımı planlanan Ilısu Barajı nedeniyle bölgede yürütülen arkeolojik çalışmaların sayısı artmış, bu çalışmalar sayesinde MÖ 3. bin ve 2. bin ortalarına ait maddi kültürle bağlantılı çok sayıda yapı gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Buluntu grupları ‘Krmızı Kahverengi Boya Astarlı Mallar’ adı verilen keramik türünün yerel çeşitlemeleridir. Bu keramikler genellikle Kuzey Mezopotamya, Kuzey Suriye ve Anadolu'nun çağdaş, dönemlerinden bilinenlere benzer malzemeler içeren ortamlarda bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, Güneydoğu Anadolu'daki Yukarı Dicle Vadisinde bulunan Hirbemerdon Tepe'den ele geçen yeni buluntular ışığında, yukarıda sözü edilen dönemde Mezopotamya ve Anadolu arasındaki açıkça belirgin olan kültürel ilişkiler tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da, Yakın Doğu'nun bu nispeten az tanınan ama gün geçtikçe önemi anlaşılan bölgesindeki maddi kültürün daha geniş kitlelere tanıtılmasıdır.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 57 , December 2007 , pp. 77 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Algaze, G. 1990: Town and Country in Southeastern Anatolia Vol. II: The Stratigraphic Sequence at Kurban Hoyuk. ChicagoGoogle Scholar
Buccellati, G., Kelly-Buccellati, M. 2000: ‘The Royal Palace of Urkesh. Report on the 12th season at Tell Mozan/Urkesh: excavations in area AA, June–October 1999’ Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin 132: 133–84Google Scholar
Cooper, L. 2006: ‘The demise and regeneration of Bronze Age urban centers in the Euphrates valley of Syria’ in Schwartz, G.M., Nichols, J.J. (eds), After Collapse. The Regeneration of Complex Societies. Tucson: 18–37Google Scholar
Courty, M., Weiss, H. 1997: ‘The scenario of environmental degradation in the Tell Leilan region, north-eastern Syria, during the late third millennium abrupt change’ in Dafles, H., Kukla, G.Weiss, H. (eds), Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse. Berlin: 107–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Nocera, G. 1998: Die Siedlung der Mittelbronzezeit von Arslantepe: eine Zentralsiedlung von Beginn des zweiten Jahrtausends v.Chr. in der Ebene von Malatya (Türkei). RomeGoogle Scholar
Eidem, J. 2000: ‘Northern Jezira in the 18th century. Aspects of geo-political patterns’ Subartu 7: 255–64Google Scholar
Erkanal, H. 1991: ‘1989 Girnavaz kazıları’ Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 12/1: 261–73Google Scholar
Frane, J.E. 1996: The Tell Leilan Period I Habur Ware Assemblage. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill)Google Scholar
Griffin, E. 1980: ‘The Middle and Late Bronze Age pottery’ in Van Loon, M. (ed.) Korucutepe (Vol. 3). Istanbul: 3–110Google Scholar
Hamlin, C. (Kramer) 1971: The Habur Ware Ceramic Assemblage of Northern Mesopotamia: An Analysis of its Distribution. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
Hamlin, C. (Kramer) 1974: ‘The early second millennium ceramic assemblage of Dinkha Tepe’ Iran 12: 125–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamp, K., Yoffee, N. 1980: ‘Ethnicity in ancient western Asia during the early second millennium BC: archaeological assessments and ethnoarchaeological perspectives’ Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 237: 85–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karg, N. 1999: ‘Gre Dimse 1998: preliminary report’ in Tuna, N., Öztürk, J. (eds), Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs, Activities in 1998. Ankara: 237–97Google Scholar
Kaschau, G. 1999: Lidar Höyük. Die Keramik der Mittleren Bronzezeit (2 volumes) (Archaeologica Euphratica 3). MainzGoogle Scholar
Kelly-Buccellati, M. 2002: ‘L'arte di Urkesh’ in Bonetti, S. (ed.), Gli Opifici di Urkesh (Urkesh/Mozan Studies 4). Malibu: 47–62Google Scholar
Kelly-Buccellati, M. 2004: ‘Andirons at Urkesh: new evidence for the Hurrian identity of the early trans-Caucasian culture’ in Sagona, A. (ed.), A View from the Highlands: Archaeological Studies in Honor of Charles Burney (ANES supplement 12). Melbourne: 67–89Google Scholar
Kelly-Buccellati, M. 2005: ‘Urkesh and the north. Recent discoveries’ in Owen, D.I., Wilhelm, G. (eds), General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1 (Studies of the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians 15). Bethesda: 29–40Google Scholar
Közbe, G., Köroğlü, K., Sağlamtemir, H. 2004: ‘2001 Excavations at Kavuşan Höyük’ in Tuna, N., Greenhalgh, J.Velibeyoğlu, J. (eds), Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs, Activities in 2001. Ankara: 463–504Google Scholar
Laneri, N. 2005: ‘Hirbemerdon Tepe 2003: a preliminary report’ Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 26: 63–72Google Scholar
Laneri, N. in press: ‘The second season of archaeological work at Hirbemerdon Tepe (Turkey): a preliminary report’ East and West 55Google Scholar
Laneri, N., D'Agostino, A., Schwartz, M., Valentini, S., Pappalardo, G. 2006: ‘A preliminary report of the archaeological excavations at Hirbemerdon Tepe, southeast Turkey, 2005’ Anatolica 32: 153–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, M.T. 1976: The Old Assyrian City-State and Its Colonies. Mesopotamia (Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 4). CopenhagenGoogle Scholar
Matney, T. 1998: ‘The first season of work at Ziyaret Tepe in the Diyarbakır province: preliminary report’ Anatolica 24: 7–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, J.J., Weber, J.A. 2006: ‘Amorites, Onagers and social reorganization in Middle Bronze Age Syria’ in Schwartz, G.M., Nichols, J.J. (eds), After Collapse. The Regeneration of Complex Societies. Tucson: 38–57Google Scholar
Nigro, L. 1998: ‘Ebla and the ceramic provinces of northern Syria in the Middle Bronze Age: relationship and interconnections with the pottery horizons of upper Mesopotamia’ Subartu 4/1: 271–304Google Scholar
Oates, D., Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2001: Excavations at Tell Brak, Vol. 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium (McDonald Institute Monographs). CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Oguchi, H. 1997: ‘A reassesment of the distribution of Khabur ware: an approach from an aspect of its main phase’ Al Rafidan 18: 195–224Google Scholar
Oguchi, H. 1998: ‘Notes on Khabur ware from outside its main distribution zone’ Al Rafidan 19: 119–33Google Scholar
Oguchi, H. 1999: ‘Trade routes in the Old Assyrian period’ Al Rafidan 20: 85–106Google Scholar
Oguchi, H. 2003: ‘Twentieth century BC north Mesopotamia: an archaeological dilemma’ Al Rafidan 24: 83–100Google Scholar
Özgüç, T. 2003: Kültepe Kaniš/Neša. The Earliest International Trade Center and the Oldest Capital City of the Hittites. IstanbulGoogle Scholar
Parker, B., Swartz Dodd, L. 2003: ‘The early second millennium ceramic assemblage from Kenan Tepe, southeastern Turkey. A preliminary assessment’ Anatolian Studies 53: 33–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, B.J., Creekmore, A., Dodd, L.S., Paine, R., Meegan, C., Moseman, E., Abraham, M., Cobb, P. 2003: ‘The Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project (UTARP): a preliminary report from the 2001 field season’ Anatolica 29: 102–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, G.M. 2006: ‘From collapse to regeneration’ in Schwartz, G.M., Nichols, J.J. (eds), After Collapse. The Regeneration of Complex Societies. Tucson: 3–17Google Scholar
Sevin, V. 1993: ‘1992 yılı Diyarbakır/Üçtepe höyüşü kazıları’ Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 25/1: 399–416Google Scholar
Starr, R.F.S. 1939: Nuzi. Report on the Excavations at Yorgan Tepa Near Kirkuk, Iraq Conducted by Harvard University in Conjunction with the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University Museum of Philadelphia, 1927–1931. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Speiser, E.A. 1952: ‘Some factors in the collapse of Akkad’ Journal of the American Oriental Society 72/3: 97–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinkeller, P. 1997: ‘The historical background of Urkesh and the Hurrian beginnings in northern Mesopotamia’ in Buccellati, G., Kelly-Buccellati, M. (eds), Urkesh and the Hurrians: Studies in Honor of Lloyd Cotsen (Urkesh-Mozan Studies 3). Malibu: 75–98Google Scholar
Şahoğlu, V. 2005: ‘The Anatolian trade network and the Izmir region during the Early Bronze Age’ Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24/4: 339–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takaoğlu, T. 2000: ‘Hearth structures in the religious pattern of Early Bronze Age northeast Anatolia’ Anatolian Studies 50: 11–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzunuşlu, E. 1985: ‘Imamoşlu kazıları’ Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 7: 162–80Google Scholar
Weiss, H., Courty, M.-A., Wetterstrom, W., Guichard, F., Meadow, R., Senior, L., Curnow, A. 1993: ‘The genesis and collapse of third millennium north Mesopotamian civilization’ Science 261: 995–1004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilhelm, G. 1989: The Hurrians. WarminsterGoogle Scholar
Yener, A.K. 2000: The Domestication of Metals. The Rise of Complex Metal Industries in Anatolia. LeidenCrossRefGoogle Scholar