Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:55:16.179Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

REGIONAL POPULATION STRUCTURE IN POSTCLASSIC MEXICO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2017

Corey S. Ragsdale*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Box 1451, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026
*
E-mail correspondence to: cragsda@siue.edu

Abstract

The majority of our knowledge about population structure in Mexico during the Postclassic period (a.d. 900–1520) is based on archaeological data. During this time, populations were in contact with each other through extensive trade networks and via the expansion of powerful empires in central and west Mexico. Though archaeological data provides a wealth of information about these relationships, little is known about the effects of these processes on population structure and biological, morphological variation or whether these effects vary across geographic regions. In this study, dental morphological observations are used as a proxy for genetic data in order to assess the differences in regional population structures throughout Mexico. Our analyses show differences in population structure between the various cultural and geographic areas around Mexico. We further conclude that population structures are affected by economic, political, or religious processes. This study provides bioarchaeological support for archaeological interpretations of population structure in Postclassic Mexico.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, Cheryl P., Martin, Debra L., and Thompson, Jennifer L. 2012 Indigenous Violence in Northern Mexico on the Eve of Contact. International Journal of Paleopathology 2:93101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anonymous Conqueror 1971 [1556] Relacion de algunas cosas de la Nueva Espana y de la Gran Ciudad de Temestitan Mexico: Escrita por un companero de Hernan Cortes. In Colección de Documentos para la Historia de México, edited by Joaquín García Icazbalceta, pp. 368398. Editorial Porrúa, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Aubry, B. Scott 2009 Population Structure and Interregional Interaction in Prehispanic Mesoamerica: A Biodistance Study . Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus.Google Scholar
Balkansky, Andrew K. 2006 Surveys and Mesoamerican Archaeology: The Emerging Macroregional Paradigm. Journal of Archaeological Research 14:5395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beekman, Christopher 2010 Recent Research in Western Mexican Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 18:41109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berdan, Frances F. 1989 Trade and Markets in Precapitalist States. In Economic Anthropology, edited by Stuart, Plattner, pp. 78107. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F. 2004 Aztecs of Central Mexico: An Imperial Society, 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F. 2014 Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berdan, Frances F., and Anawalt, Patricia R. 1997 The Essential Codex Mendoza. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F., Blanton, Richard E., Boone, Elizabeth H., Hodge, Mary G., Smith, Michael E., and Umberger, Emily E. 1996 Aztec Imperial Strategies. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bockmann, Michelle R., Hughes, Toby E., and Townsend, Grant C. 2010 Genetic Modeling of Primary Tooth Emergence: A Study of Australian Twins. Twin Research and Human Genetics 13:573581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boraas, Joann C., Messer, Louise B., and Till, Michael J. 1988 A Genetic Contribution to Dental Caries, Occlusion, and Morphology as Demonstrated by Twins Reared Apart. Journal of Dental Research 67:11501155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chase, Arlen F., and Chase, Diane Z. 2001 Ancient Maya Causeways and Site Organization at Caracol, Belize. Ancient Mesoamerica 12:273281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Córdova Tello, Guillermo, Mora, Estela Martínez, and Hernández Espinoza, Patricia O. 2012 Tamtok: Esbozo de una antigua sociedad urbana. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Crown, Patricia L., and Hurst, William J. 2009 Evidence of Cacao Use in the Prehispanic American Southwest. Procedures of the National Academy of Science 106:21102113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cucina, Andrea, and Tiesler, Vera 2008 Dinámicas y migraciones durante el Clásico y Posclásico en Yucatán: La morfológia dental. Los Investigadores de la Cultura Maya 16:167177.Google Scholar
Cucina, Andrea, Ortega, Allan, and Tiesler, Vera 2008 When East Meets the West: Biological Affinities Between Coastal Populations in the Yucatan Peninsula During the Postclassic Period. Mexicon 2:3943.Google Scholar
Dávila, Patricio 2009 La Huasteca: Problemática y nexos culturales. In Memoria de taller arqueología de la Huasteca: Homenaje a Leonor Marino Carrión, edited by Ocaña, Diana Zaragoza, pp. 3348. Colección Científica, Serie Arqueología 541. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Daneels, Annick 2012 Developmental Cycles in the Gulf Lowlands. In The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology, edited by Nichols, Debra L. and Pool, Christopher A., pp. 130. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Diehl, Richard A. 1983 Tula: The Toltec Capital of Ancient Mexico. Thames and Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Di Peso, Charles C. 1974 Casas Grandes, A Fallen Trade Center of the Gran Chichimeca. Amerind Foundation, Vol. 1. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Edgar, Heather J. H. 2004 Dentitions, Distance, and Difficulty: A Comparison of Two Statistical Techniques for Dentalmorphological Data. Dental Anthropology 17:5562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericson, Jonathan E., and Baugh, Timothy G. 1993 The American Southwest and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Exchange. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Evans, Susan T. 2004 Ancient Mexico and Central America: Archaeology and Culture History. Thames and Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Freidel, David A., and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 1984 Cozumel: Late Classic Maya Settlement Patterns. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
García Lascuráin, Ana R., and Tena, Rafael 1994 Códice Cozcatzin. Códices mesoamericanos 4. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Gasco, Janine, and Berdan, Frances F. 2003 International Trade Centers. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 109116. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Gómez-Valdés, Jorge 2008 Antropologiía dental en poblaciones del Occidente de Mesoameérica. Instituto Nacional de Antropologiía e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
González-José, Rolando, Martínez-Abadías, Neus, González-Martín, Antonio, Bautista-Martínez, Josefina, Gómez-Valdés, Jorge, Quinto, Mirsha, and Hernández, Miquel 2007 Detection of a Population Replacement at the Classic–Postclassic Transition in Mexico. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 274:681688.Google ScholarPubMed
Gorenstein, Shirley 2000 Western and Northwestern Mexico. In The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1, edited by Adams, Richard E.W. and MacLeod, Murlow J., pp. 318357. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gower, John C. 1971 A General Coefficient of Similarity and Some of its Properties. Biometrics 27:857874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, Өyvind, Harper, David A., and Ryan, Paul D. 2001 PAST: Paleontological Statistical Software for Education and Data Analysis. Paleontological Association 4:19.Google Scholar
Hammond, Norman 2000 The Maya Lowlands: Pioneer Farmers To Merchant Princes. In The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Volume 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1, edited by Adams, Richard E.W. and MacLeod, Murlow J., pp. 197249. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hanihara, Kazuro 1976 Statistical and Comparative Studies of the Australian Aboriginal Dentition. University of Tokyo Bulletin 11:157.Google Scholar
Hanihara, Tsuniko 2008 Morphological Variation of Major Human Populations Based on Nonmetric Dental Traits. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 136:169182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hassig, Ross 1988 Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion And Political Control. 1st ed. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth 2012 Markets, Merchants, and Systems of Exchange. In The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology, edited by Nichols, Debra L. and Pool, Christopher A., pp. 639652. Oxford University Press, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, Mary G., and Smith, Michael E. 1994 Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Irish, Joel 2010 The Mean Measure of Divergence: Its Utility in Model-free and Model-bound Analyses Relative to the Mahalanobis D2 Distance for Nonmetric Traits. American Journal of Human Biology 22:378395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, Arthur A. 2010 Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos: Ancient Peoples of Southern Mexico. 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, New York.Google Scholar
Kelley, J. Charles, MacWilliams, Alan C., Stewart, Joe D., Adams, Karen R., Cunningham, Jerimy J., Garvin, Richard E., Maillol, George M., Reimer, Paula J., and Zborover, Danny 2012 The View From The Edge: The Proyecto Arqueológico Chihuahua (PAC) 1990 to 2010: An Overview. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 36:82107.Google Scholar
Kelley, J. Charles 1993 Zenith Passage: The View From Chalchihuites. In Culture and Contact: Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca, edited by Di Peso, Charles C. and Ravesloot, John C., pp. 227250. American Foundation and University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Kemp, Brian M., Reséndez, Andrés, Román Berrelleza, J. A., Malhi, Ripan S., and Glenn Smith, David 2005 An Analysis of Ancient Aztec mtDNA from Tlatelolco: Pre-Columbian Relations and the Spread of Uto-Aztecan. Biomolecular Archaeology: Genetic Approaches To the Past 32:2246.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan, and Kohl, Philip 2003 Conceptualizing Macroregional Interaction. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 1420. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Kirchhoff, Paul 1981 Mesoamerica: Its Geographic Limits, Ethnic Composition, and Cultural Characteristics. In Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Graham, John, pp. 110. Peek Publications, Palo Alto.Google Scholar
Konigsberg, Lyle 1990 Analysis of Prehistoric Biological Variation under a Model of Isolation by Geographic and Temporal Distance. Human Biology 62:4970.Google Scholar
Kruskal, Joseph B., and Wish, Myron 1978 Multidimensional Scaling. Sage, Beverly Hills.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López Austin, Alfredo, and López Luján, Leonardo 2001 Mexico's Indigenous Past. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
López Austin, Alfredo, and Lopéz Luján, Leonardo 2008 Aztec Human Sacrifice. In The Aztec World, edited by Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. and Feinman, Gary M., pp. 137152. Abrams Press, New York.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. Jefferson, and Kepecs, Susan 1989 Prehispanic Saltmaking in Belize: New Evidence. American Antiquity 54:522533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, Joyce, and Flannery, Kent V. 1983 An Introduction to the Late Postclassic. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations, edited by Marcus, Joyce and Flannery, Kent V., pp. 217226. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Martinón-Torres, Maria, Bermúdez de Castro, Jose, Martin-Francés, Laura, Gracia-Téllez, Ana, Martinez, Ignacio, and Luiz Arsuaga, Juan 2013 Dental Morphology of European Middle Pleistocene Populations. In Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation, edited by Scott, G. Richard and Irish, Joel D., pp. 201221. Cambridge University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCafferty, Geoffrey G. 1996 Reinterpreting the Great Pyramid of Cholula, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 7:117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melgar Tisoc, Emiliano R., and Solis Ciriaco, Reyna B. 2009 Manufacturing Techniques of the Turquoise Mosaics from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, Mexico. 2nd Latin-American Symposium on Physical and Chemical Methods in Archaeology, Art and Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeological and Arts Issues in Materials Science. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Mizoguchi, Yuji 1977 Genetic Variability of Tooth Crowns as Ascertained from Twin Data. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Japan 85:301309.Google Scholar
Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Gignoux, Christopher R., Fernández-López, Juan Carlos, Zakharia, Fouad, Sikora, Martin, Contreras, Alejandra V., Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Sandoval, Karla, Eng, Celeste, Romero-Hidalgo, Sandra, Ortiz-Tello, Patricia, Robles, Victoria, Kenny, Eimear E., Nuño-Arana, Ismael, Barquera-Lozano, Rodrigo, Macín-Pérez, Gastón, Granados-Arriola, Julio, Huntsman, Scott, Galanter, Joshua M., Via, Marc, Ford, Jean G., Chapela, Rocío, Rodriguez-Cintron, William, Rodríguez-Santana, Jose R., Romieu, Isabelle, Sienra-Monge, Juan José, Rio Navarro, Blanca del, London, Stephanie J., Ruiz-Linares, Andrés, Garcia-Herrera, Rodrigo, Estrada, Karol, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo, Carnevale, Alessandra, Soberón, Xavier, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Rangel-Villalobos, Héctor, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma, Gonzalez Burchard, Esteban, and Bustamante, Carlos D. 2013 The Genetics of Mexico Recapitulates Native American Substructure and Affects Biomedical Traits. Science 344:12801285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, Debra L., and Pool, Christopher A. 2012 Mesoamerican Archaeology: Recent Trends. In The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology, edited by Nichols, Debra L. and Pool, Christopher A., pp. 130. Oxford University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 2003 West Mexico Beyond the Tarascan Frontier. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 5557. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P., and Vogel, Thomas A. 1994 Late Postclassic Imperial Expansion and Economic Exchange Within the Tarascan Domain. In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, edited by Hodge, Mary G. and Smith, Michael E., pp. 447470. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Pool, Christopher A. 2006 Current Research on the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Research 14:189241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragsdale, Corey S., and Edgar, Heather J. H. 2015 Cultural Interaction and Biological Distance in Postclassic Period Mexico. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 157:121133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ragsdale, Corey S., and Edgar, Heather J. H. 2016 Cultural Effects on Phenetic Distances Among Postclassic Mexican and Southwest United States Populations. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 26:5367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Relethford, John H., and Harpending, Henry C. 1994 Craniometric Variation, Genetic Theory, and Modern Human Origins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 95:249270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Relethford, John H., and Blangero, John 1990 Detection of Differential Gene Flow from Patterns of Quantitative Variation. Human Biology 62:525.Google ScholarPubMed
Ringle, William M., and Bey, Ringle III 2012 The Late Classic to Postclassic Transition Among the Maya of Northern Yucatán. In The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology, edited by Nichols, Debra L. and Pool, Christopher A., pp. 130. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sahagún, Bernardino de 1982 Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Book 10: The People. Edited by Anderson, Arthur J. O. and Dibble, Charles E.. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Scherer, Andrew K. 2007 Population Structure of the Classic Period Maya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132:367380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, G. Richard, and Turner, Christy G. II 1997 The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharer, Robert J., and Traxler, Loa P. 2006 The Ancient Maya. 6th ed. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Smith, Cab A. 1977 A Note on Genetic Distance. Annual Human Genetics 40:463479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, Michael E. 1990 Long-distance Trade under the Aztec Empire: The Archaeological Evidence. Ancient Mesoamerica 1:153169.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 2001 The Aztec Empire and the Mesoamerican World System. In Empires: Comparative Perspectives from Archaeology and History, edited by Alcock, Susan E., pp. 128154. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 2003 Small Polities in Postclassic Mesoamerica. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 5860. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E., and Berdan, Frances F. 2000 The Postclassic Mesoamerican World System. Current Anthropology 41:283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, Michael E., and Berdan, Frances F. 2003 The Postclassic Mesoamerican World. 1st ed. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E., and Schreiber, Katharina 2006 New World States and Empires: Politics, Religion, and Urbanism. Journal of Archaeological Research 14:152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stojanowski, Christopher M., Johnson, Kent M., and Duncan, William N. 2013 Sinodonty and Beyond: Hemispheric, Regional, and Intracemetery Approaches to Studying Dental Morphological Variation in the New World. In Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation, edited by Scott, G. Richard and Irish, Joel, pp. 408452. Cambridge University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stresser-Peán, Guy 1989 Enquêtes sur l'Amérique Moyenne. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Townsend, Grant C., Hughes, Toby E., Luciano, Michelle, Bockmann, Michelle, and Brook, Alan 2009 Genetic And Environmental Influences on Human Dental Variation: A Critical Evaluation of Studies Involving Twins. Archives of Oral Biology 54:4551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, Christy G. II, Nichol, Christopher R., and Scott, G. Richard 1991 Scoring Procedures for Key Morphological Traits of the Permanent Dentition: The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Wiley-Liss, New York.Google Scholar
Turpin, Solveig A. 1997 Cradles, Cribs, and Mattresses: Prehistoric Sleeping Accommodation in the Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Big Bend Studies 9:118.Google Scholar
Walker, Cameron M. 2006 The Bioarchaeology of Newly Discovered Burial Caves in the Sierra Tarahumara. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene.Google Scholar
Webster, David 1976 Lowland Maya Fortifications. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 120:361371.Google Scholar
Weigand, Philip C. 2008 Turquoise: Formal Economic Interrelationships Between Mesoamerica and the North American Southwest. In Archaeology Without Borders: Contact, Commerce, and Change in the U.S. Southwest and Northwestern Mexico, edited by Webster, Laurie D. and McBrinn, Maxine A., pp. 343353. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Willermet, Catherine M., and Edgar, Heather J.H. 2009 Dental Morphology and Ancestry in Albuquerque, NM Hispanics. Homo Journal of Comparative Human Biology 60:207224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woosley, Ann I., and Olinger, Bart 1993 The Casas Grandes Ceramic Tradition: Production and Interregional Exchange of Ramos Polychrome. In Culture and Contact: Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca, edited by Di Peso, Charles C. and Ravesloot, John C., pp. 105131. Amerind Foundation New World Studies Series. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Vargas Pacheco, Ernesto 1982 Informe de las excavaciones arqueologicas y trabajos demantenimiento realizados en Tulum, Quintana Roo 1981–1982. Centro Regional del Sureste/Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Zaragoza Ocaña, Davila 2009 Memoria del taller arqueología de la Huasteca: Homenaje a Leonor Merino Carrión. Colección Científica, Serie Arqueología 541. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Ragsdale supplementary material

Tables S1-S3

Download Ragsdale supplementary material(File)
File 17.3 KB