The main animal feed sources in Vietnam are rice bran, rice straw, sweet potato, sugar cane, garden by-product and natural grasses. The majority of the rural population are considered to be farmers, 75% of them practice animal husbandry of which 95% includes animal production with local breeds or crosses. Local breeds or crosses produce 80% of meat and 75% of eggs. Animal production accounts for 20–25% of the total agricultural production. Pork represents 70% of domestic meat consumption.

Low external inputs are associated with the use of natural resources. Such types of natural resources as local breeds of animal are highly respected and used in a sustainable way. Uriu cattle survived the mechanisation in rice production due to the fact that the rice fields of Nghe An are full of rocks. Dong Tao chicken keeping is increasing thanks to the gourmet tastes of exigent Vietnamese consumers. Bau Qui ducks were maintained by Vietnamese of Thai ethnic tradition who killed all animals different from their breeds coming from other parts of the Quy Chau mountains, while the I pig faced the risk of extinction due to the priority given to imported pig breeds for intensive production. The tenacious and strongly built Mong Cai pig is a feature of households in semi-intensive production.

Uruguayan Creole cattle are descended from animals brought by the Spanish conquerors. The population grew extensively without directional management and became semi-wild before the introduction of commercial breeds in the 19th century. Today only 575 animals remain, restricted to the San Miguel National Park. We performed a population viability analysis of this reserve using VORTEX v. 8.31 to study its demographic and genetic parameters, assess the environmental factors that affect its development, evaluate its future risk of extinction and test different management options. The probability of extinction in the next 100 years was always zero, even in the more pessimistic scenarios. The growth rate of the population was always positive and mostly affected by the mortality rate of calves. Population size increased rapidly up to carrying capacity, this being the only limiting factor for population growth. Retained heterozygosity was always above 90% and the inbreeding coefficient below 0.10. The analysis shows that the population is not at risk due to its genetic diversity and demographic structure, however all the individuals are concentrated in only one place. We suggest its subdivision into sub-populations located in different regions and connected by gene flow, decreasing the risk of extinction and accomplishing the conservation and self-sustainability goals.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la variabilidad y las relaciones filogenéticas entre 6 razas de ganado criollo colombiano, cebú Brahman y la española Pirenaica, mediante el uso de 12 marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélite. El número promedio de alelos fue de 11.58 con los valores más altos para los marcadores HEL 13 y ETH 10. La heterocigocidad promedio de todas las razas fue de 0.7 y el coeficiente de endogamia fue de 0.097, con los valores más altos para la raza Romosinuano. Los mayores valores de diversidad se presentaron en la raza Casanareño. La distancia genética entre las razas criollas colombianas y la raza española Pirenaica fue amplia (0.7–1.7) indicando posiblemente poca intervención de esta raza en el origen de las razas criollas. En general, las mayores distancias genéticas se presentaron entre las razas de origen Bos taurus (razas criollas colombianas y Pirenaica) con respecto a la Bos indicus (Brahman).

The Kenana cattle breed originates from Bos indicus or humped cattle. The name Kenana came from the traditional owners, the Kenana people, who are mainly nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. The light blue-gray coat is the characteristic color of Kenana cattle. Calves are frequently born with a brown-red coat that tends to change to a permanent gray at three to six months of age. At maturity the average body weights of males and females range from 300–500 kg and 250–350 kg respectively. The total population of Kenana and Butana cattle as major milk producers comprises 25% of the whole cattle population of Sudan. The Kenana homeland is the delta between the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The main system of production is the range system which includes the pastoral and semi-pastoral types. The nature of the nomadism in Kenana is relatively mild. The average milk production per lactation (198–257 days) varies between 1 400 kg and 2 100 kg respectively and maximum production is attained at seven to eight years of age.

The Damascus goat, also known as the Shami, is a native breed of Syria and other Near East countries. It was imported into Cyprus some 70 years ago to upgrade the local Cypriot goat population. For over 40 years it has been improved through genetic selection for milk and meat. The Damascus goat was one of the breeds that the Technical Consultation of FAO/UNEB on Animal Genetic Resources, Conservation and Management agreed should be given a high priority due to its qualities.

The Salem Black is an important meat goat breed in the north-western part of Tamil Nadu, India. The native tract of this breed is the Salem, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Erode, Karur and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu. Salem Black goats are tall animals, completely black in colour and reared mainly for meat. The average herd size of Salem Black goats was 31, of which there were 1 buck, 23 does and 7 kids The chest girth, body length and height at withers of Salem Black goats at full mouth age were 79.6±1.1 cm, 75.0±1.5 cm and 86.0±1.6 cm, respectively in males and 73.1 ±0.6 cm, 69.8±0.5 cm and 75.5±0.8 cm, respectively in females. The body weight of Salem Black goats at full mouth age was 38.5±1.0 kg in males and 29.5±0.6 kg in females. The average age at first mating was 9.5±0.4 months in males and 9.7±0.2 months in females, and the average age at first kidding was 14.8±0.2 months. The percentage of animals producing singles, twins, triplets and quadruplets was 54.1, 40.0, 8.2 and 0.4, respectively. Salem Black goats are allowed to browse extensively as a herded group for about seven to eight hours per day and are housed mostly (80%) during the night. Farmers kept breeding bucks, when available, in the herds at all times and exercised no controlled mating. The mortality rate in kids and adults was 7.5% and 2.3% respectively.

The Chato Murciano is the only surviving breed of pig of those historically farmed in the region of Murcia for their quality meat. At present, it is on the verge of extinction, having a population of only 260 reproductive animals. This paper describes the genetic studies made in the conservation and recovery programme of this breed of pig. A study of the morphological characterization of these animals was carried out first, measuring thirteen quantitative and six qualitative variables in a sample of 24 adult animals, 8 males and 16 females.

Subsequently, investigation was made of the consanguinity of the individuals and of the population as well as the future influence of inbreeding in each generation. Finally, the accuracy and precision of the heterozygote-excess method was evaluated using two data sets from the Chato Murciano pig. One data set is an original population and the other is a F3+F4+F5 generation of a line created from mating a Chato Murciano female with a Large White boar as part of an absorption programme based on backcrosses with Chato Murciano boars.

Le porc local d'origine ibérique a été introduit au Tchad en 1918, par des missionnaires en provenance du Cameroun. Ensuite en 1951, le porc limousin originaire de France fut importé par le service de l'élevage afin d'améliorer le format et le rendement du porc local. Après quatre années d'essais, ce programme a été abandonné au Nord, essentiellement pour des raisons religieuses. En revanche, dans la partie sud majoritairement non musulmane, la diffusion a enregistré un succès relatif jusqu'en 1958. Par la suite, des géniteurs de la race Yorkshire et Berkshire furent importés du Moyen Congo. Quelques élevages “semi-industriels”, installés dans les années 1950 et aux mains des expatriés, ont adopté ces races et ont contribué à l'exportation de viande dans la sous-région de l'Afrique Equatoriale française (AEF). Les traditions d'élevage des populations locales, l'appui des services agricoles et des sociétés de développement (Paysannats et Communautés villageoises) de la région ont contribué au succès relatif de cette diffusion. En outre, l'absence des relevés zootechniques précis, n'a pas permis d'apprécier les performances de ces races et des métis. L'alimentation, le gardiennage défectueux et le manque de déboucher pour la production paysanne ont été des obstacles majeurs au développement et à la vulgarisation de l'élevage porcin en milieu paysan.