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Translating ‘big data’: better understanding of host-pathogen interactions to control bacterial foodborne pathogens in poultry

Part of: Big Data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2020

Loïc Deblais ,
Dipak Kathayat ,
Yosra A. Helmy ,
Gary Closs Jr  and
Gireesh Rajashekara Open the ORCID record for Gireesh Rajashekara [Opens in a new window]
Loïc Deblais
Affiliation:
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
Dipak Kathayat
Affiliation:
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
Yosra A. Helmy
Affiliation:
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
Gary Closs Jr
Affiliation:
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
Gireesh Rajashekara*
Affiliation:
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Gireesh Rajashekara, Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA. E-mail: rajashekara.2@osu.edu
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Abstract

Recent technological advances has led to the generation, storage, and sharing of colossal sets of information (‘big data’), and the expansion of ‘omics’ in science. To date, genomics/metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are arguably the most ground breaking approaches in food and public safety. Here we review some of the recent studies of foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli) in poultry using big data. Genomic/metagenomic approaches have reveal the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. They have also been used to identify, monitor, and understand the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and provide concrete evidence about the role of poultry in human infections. Transcriptomics studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of foodborne pathogens in poultry and have led to the identification of host-resistance mechanisms. Proteomic/metabolomic approaches have aided in identifying biomarkers and the rapid detection of low levels of foodborne pathogens. Overall, ‘omics' approaches complement each other and may provide, at least in part, a solution to our current food-safety issues by facilitating the development of new rapid diagnostics, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines to control foodborne pathogens in poultry. However, at this time most ‘omics' approaches still remain underutilized due to their high cost and the high level of technical skills required.

Keywords

CampylobacterEscherichia coliomicsSalmonellatherapeutic targets
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , June 2020 , pp. 15 - 35
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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