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Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves – a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2021

Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior Open the ORCID record for Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior [Opens in a new window]  and
Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior, Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. E-mail: gercino.ferreiravj@yahoo.com.br
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Abstract

This review aims to explain how microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in young dairy calves is related to health and, consequently, to the performance of these animals. The review addresses everything from the fundamental aspects of microbial colonization to the current understanding about the microbiota manipulation to improve performance in adult animals. The ruminal microbiota is the most studied, mainly due to the high interest in the fermentative aspects, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and microbial proteins, and its effects on animal production. However, in recent years, the intestinal microbiota has gained space between studies, mainly due to the relationship to the host health and how it affects performance. Understanding how the GIT's microbiota looks like and how it is colonized may allow future studies to predict the best timing for dietary interventions as a way to manipulate it and, consequently, improve the health and performance of young ruminants.

Keywords

Calf nutritiongut healthmicrobiota
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , December 2021 , pp. 97 - 108
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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