Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T21:31:44.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of average daily food intake on production performance in growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

E. Kanis
E. Kanis
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Breeding, Agricultural University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Abstract

Effects of daily food intake (FI) on daily gain (DG), food conversion ratio (FCR), ultrasonic backfat thickness (BF), proportion of lean parts (LP), proportion of fatty parts (FP), lean tissue growth rate (LTGR), fatty tissue growth rate (FTGR) and lean tissue food conversion (LTFC) were investigated in 687 barrows and 98 gilts, slaughtered at a mean live weight of 108 kg and fattened in seven batches. In the range of food intake from about 1·7 to 3·2 kg/day (22 to 42 MJ digestible energy) a continuous distribution of data was available.

Body composition was linearly related to FI. Most regressions of BF and all of LP and of FP on FI were linear, showing fatter animals at higher food intake. For FTGR, BF, LP and FP, parameter estimates based on linear regression were given. Although the response of DG and of LTGR on increasing FI was not always significantly different from linearity, the second degree polynomials indicated diminishing returns in all batches. FTGR had a high linear correlation with FI (0·85 to 0·95), indicating that in the present range of FI a rather fixed proportion of the food was used to deposit fatty tissue.

For DG and LTGR a non-linear model of the type a(FI -fo)b was fitted, where fo was interpreted as maintenance requirement. For FCR and LTFC the corresponding model was FI/(α(FI — fo)b). Both models were preferred over second degree polynomials because of better interpretation of parameters. FCR and LTFC showed minima at about 2·6 and 2·2 kg/day food intake, but especially for FCR the increase at increasing FI was low. Results were not consistent in demonstrating or refuting a plateau in LTGR, which in any event appears to lie near to or beyond ad libitum FI for most pigs.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , February 1988 , pp. 111 - 122
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Barber, R. S., Braude, R., Mitchell, K. G. and Pittman, R. J. 1972. Effect of level of feed intake on the performance and carcass composition of growing pigs. Animal Production 14: 199–208.Google Scholar
Berg, N. 1976. [Energy requirements for growing-finishing pigs.] Report, The Agricultural University of Norway, No. 180.Google Scholar
Bergstrom, P. L. and Krokske, D. 1968. Methods of carcass assessment in research on carcass quality in the Netherlands. I. Description of methods. Rapport, Instituut voor Veeteellkundig Onderzoek, C-123 and Annual Meeting, European Association of Animal Production, Dublin.Google Scholar
Brandt, H., Hong, K. Ch., and Glodek, P. 1985. [Breeding aim in German pig breeding. Part 2. Including feed intake in the estimation of breeding value.] Züchlungskunde 57: 92–98.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curic, D. M. 1985. Effects of sex and energy intake between 48 and 90 kg live weight on protein deposition in growing pigs. Animal Production 40: 497–503.Google Scholar
Davies, J. L. and Lucas, I. A. M. 1972. Responses to variations in dietary energy intakes by growing pigs. 2. The effects on feed conversion efficiency of changes in level of intake above maintenance. Animal Production 15: 117–125.Google Scholar
Denissen, J. 1979. [The feeding level and feeding method for fattening pigs.] Reports, Pig Research Institutes, No. 2. Sterkscl, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
DIXON, W. J. ed. 1983. BMDP Statistical Software. University of California Press. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F. 1971. Feeding for lean meat — feed intake, protein level and carcass quality relationships. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Symposium on Pig Nutrition, Taiwan, pp. 54–62.Google Scholar
Kroeske, D., Buiting, G. A. J. and Jongh, G. de 1968. [Some criteria in determining carcass quality in pigs.] Veeteelt-en Zuivelherichten 11: 153–157.Google Scholar
Metz, S. H. M., Verstegen, M. W. A., Wilde, R. O. de, Brandsma, H. A., Hex, W. van der, Brascamp, E. W., Lenis, N. P. and Kanis, E. 1984. Estimation of carcass and growth composition in the growing pig. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 32: 301–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standal, N. and Vangen, O. 1985. Genetic variation and covariation in voluntary feed intake in pig selection programmes. Livestock Production Science 12: 367–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanschoubroek, F., Wilde, R. de and Lampo, Ph. 1967. The quantitative effects of feed restriction in fattening pigs on weight gain, efficiency of feed utilisation and backfat thickness. Animal Production 9: 67–74.Google Scholar
Walstra, P. 1980. Growth and carcass composition from birth to maturity in relation to feeding level and sex in Dutch Landrace pigs. Communications, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, No. 80–4.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1983. Development of recommended energy and protein allowances for growing pigs. Agricultural Systems 11: 159–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1985. The application of the principles of nutrition to the feeding of breeding sows and the production of meat from growing pigs. South African Journal of Animal Science 15: 97–101.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. and Fawcett, R. H. 1976. Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to simulate protein and lipid growth in pigs. Animal Production 22: 87–96.Google Scholar