Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T10:49:37.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of soaking hay fodder for horses on dust and mineral content

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

M. J. S. Moore-Colyer
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer
Affiliation:
Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Llanbadarn, Aberystwyth, SY23 5EE
Get access

Abstract

Four bales of hay were chosen from a stack of hay, barn-stored for 6 months. Each bale was subdivided into four 2·5 kg sections and one section from each bale was subjected to one of four water soaking treatments: 0, 0·5, 3 or 12 h. Post treatment, the samples were shaken for 9 min under a Negretti LS45F personal dust sampler which sampled the surrounding air. The samples were than analysed for levels of respirable particules < 5 μm in size and for amounts of sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N). Soaking for 30 min reduced the number of respirable particles by about 90% but also reduced the Na, K and P content of the hay. Soaking for a longer period, at least up to 12 h, did not give a significant further reduction in number of respirable particles but there was loss of Mg and further losses in Na, K, and P. These results clearly indicate that soaking for 30 min is sufficient to reduce the respirable challenge with minimum nutrient loss.

Keywords

allergenshayhorsesmineralsnutrition
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , October 1996 , pp. 337 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Clarke, A. F. 1986. Air hygiene of stables and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. 1987. A review of environmental and host factors in relation to equine respiratory disease. Equine Veterinary Journal 19:435–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, A. F. and Madelin, T. 1987. Techniques for assessing respiratory health hazards from hay and other source materials. Equine Veterinary journal 19: 4442–4447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, W. 1976. Chronic bronchitis and alveolar emphysema in the horse. Veterinary Record 99: 448–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crichlow, E. C., Yoshida, K. and Wallace, K. 1980. Dust levels in a riding stables. Equine Veterinary journal 12: 185–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drepper, K., Gutte, J. O., Meyer, H. and Schwarz, F. J. 1982. Energie- and Nahrstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Nr. 2 Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nahrstoffversorgung der Pferde. DLG Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Google Scholar
Eduard, W., Lacey, J., Karlsson, K., Palmgren, U., Strom, G. and Blomquist, G. 1988. Harmonization of sampling and analysis of mould spores. Nordisk Ministerrad no. 1.Google Scholar
Faithfull, N. T. 1971. Automated simultaneous determination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium on the same herbage digest solution. Laboratory Practice 20: 41–44.Google Scholar
Faithfull, N. T. 1974. The analysis of magnesium in herbage Kjeldahl digests by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. Laboratory Practice 23:177–178.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. 1925. Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Frape, D. 1986. Equine nutrition and feeding. Longman Scientific and Technical, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Gregory, P. H., Lacey, Maureen, Fenstenstein, G. W. and Skinner, F. A. 1963. Liberation of spores from mouldy hay. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 46: 73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, J. B. 1981. Nutritional limits to animal production from pastures. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Harris, P. and Colles, C. 1988. The use of creatinine clearance ratios in the prevention of equine rhabdomylosis: a report of four cases. Equine Veterinary Journal 20: 459–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, H. 1987. Veterinary notes for horse owners. Stanley Paul, London.Google Scholar
Kerrigan, R. H. 1989. Practical horse nutrition. R. H. Kerrigan, Australia.Google Scholar
Lewis, L. D. 1995. Equine clinical nutrition: feeding and care. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.Google Scholar
McGorum, B. C., Dixon, P. M. and Halliwell, R. E. W. 1993. Responses of horse affected with C.O.P.D. to inhalation challenges with mould antigens. Equine Veterinary Journal 25: 261–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, W. R., Anthony, R. G., Grout, L. L., Malin, A. S. and Robinson, V. N. E. 1979. Biochrystallization of plant material on forage plant cell walls. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 635–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherson, E. A. and Thomas, J. R. 1983. C.O.P.D. in the horse. 1. Nature of the disease. Equine Veterinary Journal 15: 203–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, H. 1987. Nutrition of the equine athlete. In Equine exercise physiology 2 (ed. Gillespie, J. R. and Robinson, W. E.), pp. 650–665. ICEEP Publications. Davis, California.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1992. Teed composition. UK tables of feed composition and nutritive value for ruminants, 2nd edition. Chalcomb Publications.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1989. Nutrient requirements of horses, fifth edn. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Sheppard, J. A. 1994. An investigation into managing respirable dust in equine environments. M.Sc. thesis, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, J. F. and Baker, D. A. 1974. Plants and mineral salts. Studies in biology, no. 48. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. S. 1979. Availability of P in animal feeds. Proceedings of the 13th nutrition conference for feed manufacturers, University of Nottingham, pp. 23–33.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. R. and McPherson, E. A. 1984. Effects of environment on pulmonary function of horses affected with C.O.P.D. Equine Veterinary Journal 16: 35–38.Google Scholar
Warr, E. M. and Petch, J. L. 1992. Effects of soaking hay on its nutritional quality. Equine Veterinary Education 5: 169–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, A. J. F., Clark, A., Theresa, M. and Wathes, C. M. 1987. Air hygiene in stables. 1. Effects of stable design, ventilation and management on the concentration of respirable dust. Equine Veterinary Journal 19: 448–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilman, D. and Mzamane, N. 1986. The effect of field drying on the concentration of some major elements in herbage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 107:9–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, D. R. 1987. Nutrition of horses. In Horse management, second edn (ed. Hickman, J.), pp. 175–202. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Woods, P., Robinson, N. E., Swanson, M. C., Reed, C. E., Broadstone, R. V. and Dersken, F. J. 1993. Air born dust and aeroallergen concentration in a horse stable under two different management systems. Equine Veterinary Journal 25: 208–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar