Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T01:03:40.592Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modelling the effect of heat stress on food intake, heat production and growth in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

F. B. Fialho ,
J. van Milgen ,
J. Noblet  and
N. Quiniou
F. B. Fialho
Affiliation:
Embrapa Uva e , Vinho R.Livramento 515, 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
J. van Milgen*
Affiliation:
Embrapa Uva e , Vinho R.Livramento 515, 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
J. Noblet*
Affiliation:
Embrapa Uva e , Vinho R.Livramento 515, 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
N. Quiniou*
Affiliation:
Embrapa Uva e , Vinho R.Livramento 515, 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
*
Present address: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Veau et Porc, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
Present address: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Veau et Porc, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
Present address: Institut Technique du Porc, BP 3, 35651 Le Rheu, France
Get access

Abstract

A heat balance model was combined with a food intake model and a metabolism model, to form a larger model which estimates a pig’s response to heat stress. The combined model was implemented as a computer program, and used to calibrate, test and validate parts of the heat balance model. Heat transfer modes considered were convection, radiation and evaporation of water at the skin, and heating and humidification of air by breathing. Sensitivity analysis revealed a large effect of air temperature, humidity and velocity on heat loss, especially in a hot environment. It also showed that wetting of the pig’s skin is the most effective means to alleviate heat stress. The calibration procedure confirmed that characteristics related to heat tolerance in pigs must be re-evaluated, due mainly to the changes brought about by genetic improvement (such as reduced backfat thickness). The model was challenged using two different data sets. Although simulated results varied in the same way as measured data, more research is needed to determine more precisely some of the parameters. Long-term predictions were more reliable than those for short (1-day) periods.

Keywords

environmentheat balancemodelspigssimulation
Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 79 , Issue 1 , August 2004 , pp. 135 - 148
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibby, J. and Toutenburg, H. 1977. Prediction and improved estimation in linear models. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.Google Scholar
Black, J. L. 1995. Modelling energy metabolism in the pig – critical evaluation of a simple reference model. In Modelling growth in the pig (ed. P. J. Moughan, M. W. A. Verstegen and Visser-Reyneveld), M. I., pp. 87–102. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Campbell, R. G., Williams, I. H., James, K. J. and Davies, G. T. 1986. Simulation of energy and amino acid utilisation in the pig. Research and Development in Agriculture 3: 121–145.Google Scholar
Bruce, J. M. and Clark, J. J. 1979. Models of heat production and critical temperature for growing pigs. Animal Production 28: 353–369.Google Scholar
Close, W. H. and Mount, L. E. 1978. The effects of plane of nutrition and environmental temperature on the energy metabolism of the growing pig. 1. Heat loss and critical temperature. British Journal of Nutrition 40: 413–421.Google Scholar
Collin, A., van Milgen, J. and Le Dividich, J. 2001. Modelling the effect of high, constant temperature on food intake in young growing pigs. Animal Science 72: 519–527.Google Scholar
Fialho, F. B., Bucklin, R. A., Zazueta, F. S. and Myer, R. O. 2004. Theoretical model of heat balance in pigs. Animal Science 79: 121–134.Google Scholar
Giles, L. R. 1992. Energy expenditure of growing pigs at high ambient temperatures. Ph. D. thesis, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Lange, C. F. M. de. 1995. Framework for a simplified model to demonstrate principles of nutrient partitioning for growth in the pig. In Modelling growth in the pig (ed. Moughan, P. J. Verstegen, M. W. A. and Visser-Reyneveld, M. I.), pp. 71–85. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th edition. National Academy Press, Washington.Google Scholar
Noblet, J. 1996. Digestive and metabolic utilization of dietary energy in pig feeds: comparison of energy systems. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Garnsworthy, P. C. Wiseman, J. and Haresign, W.), pp. 207–231. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
Noblet, J., Karege, C., Dubois, S. and Milgen, J. van 1999. Metabolic utilization of energy and maintenance requirements in growing pigs: effects of sex and genotype. Journal of Animal Science 77: 1208–1216.Google Scholar
Quiniou, N. and Noblet, J. 1995. Prediction of tissular body composition from protein and lipid deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 73: 1567–1575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiniou, N., Noblet, J., van Milgen, J. and Dubois, S. 2001. Modelling heat production and energy balance in group-housed growing pigs exposed to low or high ambient temperatures. British Journal of Nutrition 85: 87–106.Google Scholar
Turnpenny, J. R., McArthur, A. J., Clark, J. A. and Wathes, C. M. 2000a. Thermal balance of livestock. 1. A parsimonious model. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 101: 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnpenny, J. R., Wathes, C. M., Clark, J. A. and McArthur, A. J. 2000b. Thermal balance of livestock. 2. Applications of a parsimonious model. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 101: 29–52.Google Scholar