Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T18:00:00.316Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The use of compositional growth curves for assessing the response to dietary lysine by high-lean growth gilts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

K. G. Friesen ,
J. L. Nelssen ,
R. D. Goodband ,
M. D. Tokach ,
A. P. Schinckel  and
M. Einstein
K. G. Friesen
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
J. L. Nelssen
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
R. D. Goodband*
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
M. D. Tokach
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
A. P. Schinckel
Affiliation:
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
M. Einstein
Affiliation:
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
*
†To whom correspondence should be addressed
Get access

Abstract

Growth modelling was used to characterize the response to digestible lysine in two experiments (114 gilts in experiment 1 and 96 gilts in experiment 2) from 34 to 72·5 kg and 72·5 to 136 kg, respectively. Maize-soya-bean meal diets were formulated to assure that lysine (5·4 to 10·4 and 5·4 to 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg for experiments 1 and 2, respectively) was the first limiting amino acid. Analysis of variance was used to test linear and quadratic responses in cumulative weight gain on test as digestible lysine increased. A time × digestible lysine interaction (linear, P < 0·001) was detected, indicating that a separate regression equation for each lysine level was necessary. In experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) and carcass crude protein (CP) accretion were maximized for gilts given 10·4, 9·4 and 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 34 to 44 kg, 44 to 54 kg, and 54 to 72·5 kg, respectively. Lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 7·4 to 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg. In experiment 2, ADG was maximized by feeding 8·4 g/kg from 72·5 to 92·5 kg and 7·4 g/kg from 92·5 to 136 kg. Carcass CP accretion was maximized by feeding 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg, whereas lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 72·5 to 136 kg. If feeding graded levels of digestible lysine resulted in parallel lines for protein accretion, mean values would result in accurate data evaluation. However, responses to digestible lysine changed over the feeding period. Therefore, the use of body weight and compositional growth curves offers an approach to more accurately characterize the growing pig's response to increased digestible lysine.

Keywords

carcass compositiongiltsgrowth curvelysine
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , February 1996 , pp. 159 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Va.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Baker, D. H. 1986. Critical review: problems and pitfalls in animal experiments designed to establish dietary requirements for essential nutrients. Journal of Nutrition 116: 2339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benevenga, N. J., Gahl, M. J., Crenshaw, T. D. and Finke, M. D. 1994. Protein and amino acid requirements for maintenance and amino acid requirements for growth of laboratory rats. Journal of Nutrition 124: 451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridges, T. C., Turner, U. W., Smith, E. M., Stahly, T. S. and Loewer, O. J. 1986. A mathematical procedure for estimating animal growth and body composition. Transactions of the Society for Agricultural Engineering 29: 1342–1347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R. G. and King, R. H. 1982. The influence of dietary protein and level of feeding on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of entire and castrated male pigs. Animal Production 35: 172–184.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. and Taverner, M. R. 1988. Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 66: 676–686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1984. Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg. Animal Production 38: 233–240.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1988. The effects of sex and live weight on the growing pigs' response to dietary protein. Animal Production 46:123–130.Google Scholar
Chung, T. K. and Baker, D. H. 1992. Ideal amino acid pattern for 10-kilogram pigs. Journal of Animal Science 70: 3102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, D. A. 1991. The conceptual analysis of a dynamic mathematical model for the estimation of the amino acid requirements for pigs from weaning to maturity. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, T. D., Gahl, M. J. and Benevenga, N. J. 1994. The impact of diminishing returns on performance and feed costs for growing and finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: sttppl. I, p. 59 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Critser, D. J., Miller, P. S., Lewis, A. J. and Wolverton, C. K. 1993. The effects of dietary protein concentration during realimentation on compensatory growth in barrows and gilts. Journal of Animal Science 71: suppl. 1, p. 178 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Dritz, S. S., Nelssen, J. L., Goodband, R. D. and Tokach, M. D. 1994. Application of segregated early weaning technology in the commercial swine industry. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 16: 677.Google Scholar
Etherton, T. D., Wangsness, P. J., Hammers, V. M. and Ziegler, J. H. 1974. Effect of dietary restriction on carcass composition and adipocyte cellularity of swine with different propensities for obesity. Journal of Nutrition 112: 2314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkelstein, J. D. 1990. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1: 228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friesen, K. G., Nelssen, J. L., Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D., Unruh, J. A., Kropf, D. H. and Kerr, B. J. 1995a. Influence of dietary lysine on growth and carcass composition of high-lean growth gilts fed from 34 to 72 kilograms. Journal of Animal Science. 72: 1761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friesen, K. G., Nelssen, J. L., Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D., Unruh, J. A., Kropf, D. H. and Kerr, B. J. 1995b. The effect of dietary lysine on growth and carcass composition in high-lean growth gilts fed from 72 to 136 kilograms. Journal of Animal Science. In press.Google Scholar
Greef, K. H. de and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1993. Partitioning of protein and lipid deposition in the body of growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 35: 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, Y., Schinckel, A. P. and Martin, T. G. 1992. Growth, development, and carcass composition in five genotypes of swine. Journal of Animal Science 70:1719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, C. W., Carr, J. R. and Pearson, G. 1980. Some aspects of the energy and nitrogen metabolism of boars, gilts and barrows given diets containing different concentrations of protein. Animal Production 31: 279–289.Google Scholar
Knabe, D. A., LaRue, D. C., Gregg, E. J., Martinez, G. M. and Tanksley, T. D. 1989. Apparent digestiblity of nitrogen and amino acids in protein feedstuffs by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67: 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient requirements of swine. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Oyeleke, M. O., Balogun, O. O., Fetuga, B. L. and Babatunde, G. M. 1988. Influence of dietary protein levels on rate of tissue deposition and individual muscle development of growing European pigs in a tropical environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110: 377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, R. G. 1985. Design and analysis of experiments. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1992. Energy:protein interactions in growing boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. 1. Effects on growth, carcass characteristics and organ weights. Animal Production 54: 75–82.Google Scholar
Schinckel, A. P. 1992. Concepts of lean growth modeling and methods of describing genetic differences for application to lean growth models. Proceedings of the National Pork Producers Council lean-growth modeling symposium, Des Moines, IA, pp. 53–73.Google Scholar
Schinckel, A. P. 1994. Nutrient requirements of modern pig genotypes. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Garnsworthy, P. C. and Cole, D. J. A.). Nottingham Press, Loughborough.Google Scholar
Shields, R. G., Mahan, D. C. and Graham, P. L. 1983. Changes in swine body composition from birth to 145 kg. Journal of Animal Science 57: 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoup, M. A. 1991. The effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST), slaughter weight and genotype on postweaning growth and carcass merit and the characterization of three genotypes of swine. M. S. thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.Google Scholar
Stahly, T. S., Cromwell, G. L. and Terhune, D. 1988. Response of pigs from high and low growth genotypes to dietary lysine levels. Journal of Animal Science 66: suppl. 1, p. 137 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1988. SAS/STAT user's guide. Release 6.03. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Freeman, New York.Google Scholar
Sun, F., Schinckel, A., Einstein, M., Yuan, L. and Randin, R. 1993. Solution and testing of three parameter live weight growth curve in a two stage procedure. Proceedings of the cooperative lean growth update, Purdue University.Google Scholar
Walker, W. M. and Carmer, S. G. 1967. Determination of input levels for a selected probability of response in a curvilinear regression function. Agronomy Journal 59:161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T. C. and Fuller, M. F. 1989. The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 62: 77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watt, D. L., DeShazer, J. A., Ewan, R. C., Harrold, R. L., Mahan, D. D. and Schwab, G. D. 1987. NCCISWINE: Housing, nutrition, and growth simulation model. Applied Agricultural Research 2: 218.Google Scholar
Whang, K. E. and Easter, R. A. 1994. Effect of starter feeding program on growth performance and protein gain from weaning to market weight in barrows and gilts. Journal of Animal Science 72: suppl. 1, p. 65 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1986. An approach to pig growth modeling. Journal of Animal Science 63: 615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. and Fawcett, R. H. 1976. Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to simulate protein and lipid growth in pigs. Animal Production 22: 87–96.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Tullis, J. B. and Emmans, G. C. 1988. Protein growth in pigs. Animal Production 46: 437–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, N. H., Stahly, T. S. and Zimmerman, D. R. 1994. Impact of immune system activation on growth and amino acid needs of pigs from 6 to 114 kg body weight. Journal of Animal Science 72: suppl. 1, p. 57 (abstr.).Google Scholar