Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T04:05:26.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Wheat starch in the diet of pigs between 7 and 28 days of age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

Jane Leibholz
Jane Leibholz
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
Get access

Abstract

Sixty-four pigs were given diets containing lactose or starch as the major source of carbohydrate in two separate experiments conducted between 7 and 28 days of age.

In the first experiment, pigs were offered lactose, wheat starch, wheat or extruded wheat. Performance over the whole experimental period, of pigs given lactose or wheat, was similar, but greater than that of pigs given wheat starch. Apparent digestion of wheat diets was less than that of the other diets. In the second experiment, performance of pigs given lactose or wheat was also similar over the whole experiment. However, between 7 and 14 days of age in both experiments, weight gains and food conversion ratios of pigs given wheat were less than those of pigs given lactose.

The activity of maltase and amylase in the intestinal mucosa, and amylase in the pancreas, increased between 7 and 28 days of age. The maltase and amylase activity in the intestinal mucosa and pancreas of the pigs given wheat was greater than that of the pigs given lactose, while the activity of lactase in the intestinal mucosa was greater in the pigs given diets containing lactose than in those pigs given wheat.

In a third experiment, it was found that most of the hydrolysis and absorption of starch occurred in the duodenum and jejunum of the pigs, and had been completed before the ileum.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , October 1982 , pp. 199 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aumaitre, A. 1972. Development of enzyme activity in the digestive tract of the suckling pig: nutritional significance and implications for weaning. Wld Rev. Anim. Prod. 8: (3) 54–68.Google Scholar
Aumaitre, A. 1976. [Efficiency of various treatments of cereals. IV.—Effect of flaking and popping of barley and maize on the performances of piglets weaned at 21 days; influence on the digestibility of the dietary constituents.] Annls Zootech. 25: 41–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aumaitre, A. and Corring, T. 1978. Developmen t of digestive enzymes in the piglet from birth to 8 weeks. 2. Intestine and intestinal disaccharidases. Nutr. Melab. 22: 244–255.Google Scholar
Bailey, C. B., Kitts, W. D. and Wood, A. J. 1956. Th e development of the digestive enzyme system of the pig during its pre-weaning phase of growth. B. Intestinal lactase, sucrase and maltase. Can J. agric. Sci. 36: 51–58.Google Scholar
Becker, D. E., Ullrey, D. E. and Terrill, S. W. 1954. A comparison of carbohydrates in a synthetic milk diet for the baby pig. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 48: 178–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corring, T. 1977. Possible role of hydrolysis products of the dietary components in th e mechanisms of the exocrine pancreatic adaptation to the diet. Wld Rev. Nutr. Diet. 27: 132–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corring, T. 1980. Endogenous secretions in the pig. In Current Concepts of Digestion and Absorption in Pigs (ed. Low, A. G. and Partridge, I. G.), Tech. Bull. 3, pp. 136–150. National Institute for Research in Dairying, Reading.Google Scholar
Cunningham, H. M. 1959. Digestion of starch and some of its degradation products by newborn pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 18: 964–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlqvist, A. 1961. The location of carbohydrases in the digestive tract of the pig. Biochem. J. 78: 282–288.Google Scholar
Dahlqvist, A. 1964. Method of assay of intestinal disaccharidases. Analyt. Biochem. 7: 18–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekstrom, K. E., Benevenga, N. J. and Grummer, R. H. 1975. Effects of diets containing dried whey on the lactase activity of the small intestinal mucosa and the contents of the small intestine and cecum of th e pig. J. Nutr. 105: 851–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essatara, M., de Saintaurin, Marie-Alice and Abraham, J. 1976. [Efficiency of various treatments of cereals. III.—Effect of popping, extrusion and flaking on the feeding value of wheat and maize for growing rats.] Annls Zootech. 25: 31–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, P. A., Hays, V. W., Baker, R. O., Neagle, L. H. and Catron, D. V. 1961. Digestive enzyme development in the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 20: 114–123.Google Scholar
Keys, J. E. Jr and Debarthe, J. V. 1974. Site and extent of carbohydrate, dry matter, energy and protein digestion and the rate of passage of grain diets in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 39: 57–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kidder, D. E. and Manners, M. J. 1980. The level and distribution of carbohydrases in the small intestine mucosa of pigs from 3 weeks of age to maturity. Br. J. Nutr. 43: 141–153.Google Scholar
Kitts, W. D., Bailey, C. B. and Wood, A. J. 1956. Th e development of the digestive enzyme system of the pi g during its pre-weaning phase of growth. A. Pancreatic amylase and lipase. Can. J. agric. Sci. 36: 45–50.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. 1973. An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 2. Effects on growth rate, food conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics. Anim. Prod. 16: 109–116.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. 1975. An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 3. A note on the effect of micronization temperature on th e nutritive value of wheat. Anim. Prod. 20: 167–170.Google Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, Nir A J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, Rose. J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. biol. Chem. 193: 265–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, J. C. and Armstrong, D. G. 1968. Enzyme method for determination of a-linked glucose polymers in biological materials. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 19: 578–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manners, M. J. and Stevens, J. A. 1972. Changes from birth to maturity in the pattern of distribution of lactase and sucrase activity in the mucosa of the small intestine of pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 28: 113–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polivoda, D. I. and Derevins' kii, V. V. 1974. Vpliv ran'ogo vidlucennya porosyat na rist ta amilolitichny aktivnist' slinnikh zaloz. Svinovodstvo, Kiev 20: 86–91.Google Scholar
Sambrook, I. E. 1979. Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 7. Measurements of the flow of total carbhohydrate, total reducing substances and glucose. Br. J. Nutr. 42: 267–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sewell, R. F. and Maxwell, C. V. Jr 1966. Effects of various sources of carbohydrates in the diet of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 796–799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shields, R. G. Jr, Ekstrom, K. E. and Mahan, D. C. 1980. Effect of weaning ag e and feeding method on digestive enzyme development in swine from birth to ten weeks. J. Anim. Sci. 50: 257–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, J. A. and Kidder, D. E. 1972. The distribution of trehalase, sucrase, α-amylase, glucoamylase and lactase (β-galactosidase) along the small intestine of five pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 28: 129–137.Google Scholar
Tan, T. N., Weston, R. H. and Hogan, J. P. 1971. Use of 103Ru-labelled tris (1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II ) chloride as a marker in digestion studies with sheep. Int. J. appl. Radial. Isotopes 22: 301–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tardif, H. and Leuillet, M. 1976. [Effect of micronization of maize or wheat on pigs fed to appetite.] Journées Rech. Porcine France, pp. 17–24.Google Scholar
Walker, D. M. 1959. The development of th e digestive system of the young animal. II. Carbohydrase enzyme development in the young pig. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 52: 357–363.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. H. and Leibholz, Jane. 1979. Protein, fat and carbohydrates in the diets of pigs between 7 and 28 days of age. Anim. Prod. 28: 391–402.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. H. and Leibholz, Jane. 1981a. Digestion in th e pig between 7 and 35 d of age. 1. The performance of pigs given milk or soya-bean proteins. Br. J. Nutr. 45: 301–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, R. H. and Leibholz, Jane. 1981b. Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 d of age. 2. The digestion of dry matter and the pH of digesta in pigs given milk or soya-bean protein. Br. J. Nutr. 45: 321–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, T. P. and Tzeng, K. 1973. Studies on milk replacers for baby pigs weaned at one week of age. I. Carbohydrate sources and optimum protein levels in diets. A. Res. Rep. Anim. Ind. Res. Inst., Taiwan Sug. Corporation, pp. 53–61.Google Scholar