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Amino acids and insulin are regulators of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2010

T. A. Davis ,
A. Suryawan ,
R. A. Orellana ,
M. L. Fiorotto  and
D. G. Burrin
T. A. Davis*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
A. Suryawan
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
R. A. Orellana
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
M. L. Fiorotto
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
D. G. Burrin
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
†E-mail: tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu
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Abstract

The stage of development between birth and weaning in mammals is a period of very rapid growth that is crucial for the long-term well-being of the animal. The rate of protein deposition in neonatal animals is very high because dietary protein is efficiently utilized to increase body protein mass. Our studies in neonatal pigs have shown that this high efficiency of protein deposition is largely due to the marked increase in protein synthesis after feeding, and this response is particularly profound in the skeletal muscle. The enhanced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates after feeding is independently mediated by the rise in insulin and amino acids and this response declines with age. Intracellular signaling components that respond to the postprandial rise in amino acids and insulin have been identified and their activation has been shown to be elevated in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs after a meal and to decrease with development. The enhanced activation of these components in the amino acid and insulin signaling pathways in neonatal muscle contributes to the high rate of muscle protein synthesis and rapid gain in skeletal muscle mass in newborn pigs, which are essential determinants of efficient growth during development.

Keywords

growthnewbornprotein metabolismtranslation initiationmammalian target of rapamycin
Type
EAAP-ASAS-ADSA Growth and Development Symposium 2008
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 11 , November 2010 , pp. 1790 - 1796
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

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