Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:27:28.761Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of dietary nutrients on ileal endogenous losses of threonine, cysteine, methionine, lysine, leucine and protein in broiler chicks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2017

S. Cerrate ,
S. K. Vignale ,
R. Ekmay ,
J. England  and
C. Coon
S. Cerrate
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
S. K. Vignale
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
R. Ekmay
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
J. England
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
C. Coon*
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
*
†E-mail: ccoon@uark.edu
Get access

Abstract

An isotope dose technique was utilized (i) to determine endogenous amino acid (AA) and protein losses and (ii) to propose adjusted values for AA requirements. The endogenous flow rate was calculated from the pool of enrichment in plasma AA, assuming similitude to enrichment of endogenous AA. In experiment 1, chicks were orally administered D4-lysine at 2% of estimated lysine intake from 16 to 24 days to find the isotopic steady state of the atom percent excess (APE) of lysine for plasma and jejunal and ileal digesta. The APE of D4-lysine in plasma, jejunal digesta and ileal digesta reached the isotopic steady state at 5.5, 3.4 and 2.0 days, respectively, by using the broken-line model. It was assumed that the isotopic steady state at 5 days identified for D4-lysine is also representative for the 15N-labeled AA. In experiment 2, chicks were fed diets from 1 to 21 days with increasing levels of fat (6%, 8%, 12%, 13% extract ether), protein (26%, 28.5%, 31% CP) or fiber (14%, 16%, 18% NDF) by adding poultry fat, soybean meal, blended animal protein or barley. Chicks were orally administered 15N-threonine, 15N-cysteine, 15N-methionine, 15N-lysine and 15N-leucine at 2% of estimated daily intake for 5 days from 17 to 21 days of age. Dietary nutrients influenced endogenous losses (EL), where dietary fat stimulated EL of lysine (P=0.06), leucine and protein (P=0.07); dietary protein enhanced EL of leucine and protein; and finally the dietary fiber increased EL of leucine. Dietary nutrients also affected apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Dietary fat increased AID of cysteine but decreased AID of lysine. Dietary protein reduced AID of protein, threonine, lysine and leucine, and similarly dietary fiber decreased AID of protein, threonine, methionine, lysine and leucine. In contrast, dietary fat or protein did not affect real ileal digestibility (RID) of protein and AA except threonine and leucine. The dietary fiber reduced the RID of protein, threonine and leucine. This indicate that variations of some endogenous AA and protein losses due to dietary nutrients almost eliminates the effects of RID, and thus the EL coming from the body should be utilized to adjust the AA requirement instead of changing the true digestible nutrients of ingredients. The present data suggest that 5 days’ feeding labeled AA was enough to reach the isotopic steady state and AA requirements should be adjusted when additional dietary protein, fat or fiber is fed.

Keywords

chickensamino acidsdigestibilityendogenous lossesisotope dilution method
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , April 2018 , pp. 684 - 691
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

Present address: Aviagen Incorporated, Huntsville, AL, USA.

b

Present address: Kemin Agrifoods, Des Moines, IA, USA.

c

Present address: Dow Agro Sciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

References

Adedokun, SA, Parsons, CM, Lilburn, MS, Adeola, O and Applegate, TJ 2007. Comparison of ileal endogenous amino acid flows in broiler chicks and turkey poults. Poultry Science 86, 1682–1689.Google Scholar
Angkanaporn, K, Choct, M, Bryden, WL and Annison, EF 1994. Effects of wheat pentosans on endogenous amino acid losses in chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 66, 399–404.Google Scholar
Angkanaporn, K, Ravindran, V, Mollah, Y and Bryden, WL 1997. Evaluation of homoarginine as a marker for the determination of endogenous amino acid concentrations in poultry excreta. British Poultry Science 38, 577–585.Google Scholar
ANKOM 2006. Neutral detergent fiber in feeds filter bag technique. Retrieved on 1 October 2010 from http://www.ankom.com/neutraldetergent-fiber.aspx.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Bosch, L, Sanz, ML, Montilla, A, Alegria, A, Farre, R and del Castillo, MD 2007. Simultaneous analysis of lysine, Nε-carboxymethyllysine and lysinoalanine from proteins. Journal of Chromatography 860, 69–77.Google Scholar
2012. Cobb 500 Broiler performance & nutrition supplement. Cobb-Vantress, Siloam Springs, AR, USA.Google Scholar
Corring, T and Jung, J 1972. The amino acid composition of pig pancreatic juice. Nutrition Reports International 6, 187–190.Google Scholar
Danicke, S, Jeroch, H and Simon, O 2000. Endogenous N-losses in broilers estimated by a [15N]-isotope dilution technique: effect of dietary fat type and xylanase addition. Archives of Animal Nutrition 53, 75–97.Google Scholar
Hess, V, Ganier, P, Thibault, JN and Seve, B 2000. Comparison of the isotope dilution method for determination of the ileal endogenous amino acid losses with labelled diet and labelled pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 123–130.Google Scholar
Hess, V, Thibault, JN and Seve, B 1998. The 15N amino acid dilution method allows the determination of the real digestibility and of the ileal endogenous losses of the respective amino acid in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1969–1977.Google Scholar
Honda, K, Kamisoyama, H, Isshiki, Y and Hasegawa, S 2009. Effects of dietary fat levels on nutrient digestibility at different sites of chicken intestines. The Journal of Poultry Science 46, 291–295.Google Scholar
Honda, K, Kamisoyama, H, Kubo, S, Motoori, T and Hasegawa, S 2010. Effects of dietary fat levels on amino acid digestibility at different sites of chicken intestines. The Journal of Poultry Science 47, 227–235.Google Scholar
Hulan, HW and Bird, AH 1972. Effect of fat level in isonitrogenous diets on the composition of avian pancreatic juice. Journal of Nutrition 102, 459–468.Google Scholar
Ikegami, S, Tsuchihashi, F, Harada, H, Tsuchihashi, N, Nishide, E and Innami, S 1990. Effects of viscous indigestible polysaccharides on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestive organs in rats. Journal of Nutrition 120, 353–360.Google Scholar
Imondi, AR and Bird, FH 1967. Effects of dietary protein level on growth and proteolytic activity of the avian pancreas. Journal of Nutrition 91, 421–428.Google Scholar
Kim, EJ, Utterback, PL, Applegate, TJ and Parsons, CM 2011. Comparison of amino acid digestibility of feedstuffs determined with the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay and the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility assay. Poultry Science 90, 2511–2519.Google Scholar
Kluth, H and Rodehutscord, M. 2009. Effect of inclusion of cellulose in the diet on the inevitable endogenous amino acid losses in the ileum of broiler chicken. Poultry Science 88, 1199–1205.Google Scholar
Langlois, A, Corring, T and Fevrier, C 1987. Effects of wheat bran on exocrine pancreas secretion in the pig. Reproduction Nutrition Development 27, 929–939.Google Scholar
Lee, SS, Nitsan, Z and Liener, IE 1984. Growth, protein utilization, and secretion of pancreatic enzymes by rats in response to elevated levels of dietary protein. Nutrition Research 4, 867–876.Google Scholar
Lemme, A, Ravindran, V and Bryden, WL 2004. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. World’s Poultry Science Journal 60, 423–438.Google Scholar
Leterme, P, Seve, B and Thewis, A 1998. The current 15N-leucine infusion technique is not suitable for quantitative measurements of ileal endogenous amino acid flows in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1961–1968.Google Scholar
Lien, K, Sauer, W and Dugan, M 1997b. Evaluation of the 15N-isotope dilution technique for determining the recovery of endogenous protein in ileal digestion of pigs: effect of pattern of blood sampling, precursor pools and isotope dilution technique. Journal of Animal Science 75, 159–169.Google Scholar
Lien, KA, Sauer, WC and Fenton, M 1997a. Mucin output in ileal digesta of pigs fed a protein-free diet. Journal of Nutritional Sciences 36, 182–190.Google Scholar
Molnar-Perl, I and Katona, ZF 2000. GC-MS of amino acids as their trimethylsilyl/t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives: in model solutions III. Chromatographia 51, S228–S236.Google Scholar
Moughan, PJ, Souffrant, WB and Hodgkinson, SM 1998. Physiological approaches to determining gut endogenous amino acid flow in the mammal. Archives of Animal Nutrition 51, 237–252.Google Scholar
Myers, WD, Ludden, PA, Nayigihugu, V and Hess, BW 2004. Technical note: a procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide. Journal of Animal Science 82, 179–183.Google Scholar
Parsons, CM, Potter, LM and Brown, RD Jr 1983. Effects of dietary carbohydrate and of intestinal microflora on excretion of endogenous amino acids by poultry. Poultry Science 62, 483–489.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V, Hew, LI, Ravindran, G and Bryden, WL 2004. Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques. British Journal of Nutrition 92, 217–223.Google Scholar
Rutherfurd, SM, Chung, TK and Moughan, PJ 2007. The effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on apparent metabolizable energy, the true ileal amino acid digestibility, and endogenous ileal lysine losses in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86, 665–672.Google Scholar
Schneeman, NO, Chang, I, Smith, LB and Lyman, RL 1977. Effect of dietary amino acids, casein, and soybean trypsin inhibitor on pancreatic protein secretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 107, 281–288.Google Scholar
Simon, O, Zebrowska, T, Bergner, H and Munchmeyer, R 1983. Investigations on the pancreatic and stomach secretion in pigs by means of continuous infusion of 14C-amino acids. Archives of Animal Nutrition 33, 9–22.Google Scholar
Siriwan, P, Bryden, WL and Annison, EF 1989. Effects of dietary fibre and protein levels on endogenous protein secretions in chickens. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 14, 143.Google Scholar
Snook, JT and Meyer, JH 1964. Response of digestive enzymes to dietary protein. Journal of Nutrition 82, 409–414.Google Scholar
Steendam, CA, Verstegen, MWA, Tamminga, S, Boer, H, van’t End, M, Verstappen, B, Caine, WR and Visser, GH 2004. Route of tracer administration does not affect ileal endogenous nitrogen recovery measured with the 15N-isotope dilution technique in pigs fed rapidly digestible diets. Journal of Nutrition 134, 3068–3075.Google Scholar
Tao, R, Belzile, RJ and Brisson, GJ 1971. Amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal fed to chickens: effects of fat and lysine supplementation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 51, 705–709.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Wicker, C and Puigserver, A 1987. Effects of inverse changes in dietary lipid and carbohydrate on the synthesis of some pancreatic secretory proteins. European Journal of Biochemistry 162, 25–30.Google Scholar
Xu, M, Yao, JH, Wang, KN, Meng, DL, Luo, DY, Wu, XB and Yang, F 2011. 3H-Leu single-injection method for determining endogenous amino acid losses of broilers. Nutrition. 27, 829–832.Google Scholar
Yin, YL, McEvoy, JD, Schulze, H, Hennig, U, Souffrant, WB and McCracken, KJ 2000. Apparent digestibility (ileal and overall) of nutrients and endogenous nitrogen losses in growing pigs fed wheat (var. Soissons) or its by-products without or with xylanase supplementation. Livestock Production Science 62, 119–132.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl 1

Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl

Download Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl 1(File)
File 23.9 KB
Supplementary material: File

Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl 2

Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl

Download Cerrate et al supplementary materiarl 2(File)
File 15.3 KB