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Supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product can attenuate the acute phase response following a lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2018

N. C. Burdick Sanchez Open the ORCID record for N. C. Burdick Sanchez [Opens in a new window] ,
J. A. Carroll ,
P. R. Broadway ,
B. E. Bass  and
J. W. Frank
N. C. Burdick Sanchez*
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
J. A. Carroll
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
P. R. Broadway
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
B. E. Bass
Affiliation:
Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, P.O. Box 74570, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA
J. W. Frank
Affiliation:
Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, P.O. Box 74570, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA
*
†E-mail: Nicole.Sanchez@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation products have been used to improve the performance of nursery pigs. However, research on the influence of this supplement on health is lacking. This study was designed to determine if feeding a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product to weaned pigs would reduce stress and acute phase responses (APR) following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Pigs (n=30; 6.4±0.1 kg) were individually housed in stainless steel pens with ad libitum access to feed and water. Pigs were weighed upon arrival, assigned to one of three groups (n=10/treatment), and fed for 18 days: (1) Control, fed a non-medicated starter diet; (2) Control diet with the inclusion of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product at 1 kg/metric ton (SGX1) and (3) Control diet with the inclusion of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product at 2 kg/metric ton (SGX2). On day 7 pigs were anesthetized for insertion of an i.p. temperature device, and similarly on day 14 for insertion of a jugular catheter. Pigs were challenged i.v. with LPS (25 µg/kg BW) on day 15. Blood samples were collected at 0.5 h (serum) and 1 h (complete blood cell counts) intervals from −2 to 8 h and at 24 h relative to LPS administration at 0 h. Pigs and feeders were weighed on days 7, 14 and 18. The supplemented pigs had increased BW and average daily gain before the challenge. In response to LPS, there was a greater increase in i.p. temperature in Control pigs compared with supplemented pigs. In addition, cortisol was reduced in SGX2 pigs while cortisol was elevated in SGX1 pigs at several time points post-challenge. White blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes were decreased in SGX1 and SGX2 compared with Control pigs. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response varied by treatment and dose of treatment. Specifically, serum TNF-α was greatest in SGX2, intermediate in Control, and least in SGX1 pigs, while the magnitude and temporal pattern of IFN-γ in SGX2 pigs was delayed and reduced. In contrast, IL-6 concentrations were reduced in both SGX treatment groups compared with Control pigs. These data demonstrate that different supplementation feed inclusion rates produced differential responses, and that feeding SynGenX to weaned pigs attenuated the APR to an LPS challenge.

Keywords

innate immune responseprobioticpro-inflammatory responseswinetemperature
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 144 - 152
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States 

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