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Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2013

M. Larsen  and
N. B. Kristensen
M. Larsen*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
N. B. Kristensen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
*
†E-mail: Mogens.Larsen@agrsci.dk
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Abstract

The review is based on a compiled data set from studies quantifying liver release of glucose concomitant with uptake of amino acids (AA) and other glucogenic precursors in periparturient dairy cows. It has become dogma that AAs are significant contributors to liver gluconeogenesis in early lactation, presumably accounting for the observed lack of glucogenic precursors to balance estimated glucose need. Until recently, there has been paucity in quantitative data on liver nutrient metabolism in the periparturient period. Propionate is the quantitatively most important glucogenic precursor throughout the periparturient period. However, the immediate post partum increment in liver release of glucose is not followed by an equivalent increment in propionate uptake, because of the lower rate of increment in feed intake compared with the rate of increment in requirements for milk synthesis. The quantitative data on liver metabolism of AA do not support the hypothesis that the rapid post partum increase in net liver release of glucose is supported by increased utilisation of AA for gluconeogenesis. Only alanine is likely to contribute to liver release of glucose through its role in the inter-organ transfer of nitrogen from catabolised AA. AAs seem to be prioritised for anabolic purposes, indicating the relevance of investigating effects of supplying additional protein to post partum dairy cows. Combining data from quantitative and qualitative experimental techniques on L-lactate metabolism point to the conclusion that the quantitatively most important adaptation of metabolism to support the increased glucose demand in the immediate post partum period is endogenous recycling of glucogenic carbon through lactate. This is mediated by a dual site of adaptation of metabolism in the liver and in the peripheral tissues, where the liver affinity for L-lactate is increased and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues is shifted towards L-lactate formation over complete oxidation.

Keywords

gluconeogenesisamino acidglucosecowparturition
Type
Physiology and functional biology of systems
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 10 , October 2013 , pp. 1640 - 1650
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

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Footnotes

*

The present review is based on an invited presentation at the 62nd annual EAAP meeting in Stavanger, Norway.

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