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Le retour de la longue durée: une perspective anglo-américaine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

David Armitage  and
Jo Guldi
Translated by
Jérôme Baudry
David Armitage
Affiliation:
Harvard University
Jo Guldi
Affiliation:
Brown University
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Résumé

Depuis les années 1970, la plupart des historiens anglophones ont travaillé sur des périodes temporelles s’étendant de cinq à cinquante ans. L’étroitesse de ce champ de vision, ce repli face aux périodes plus longues généralement étudiées jusqu’alors, ont contribué à détacher d’eux un lectorat plus large ainsi qu’à les priver de l’influence qu’ils avaient pu avoir sur le débat public. Cet article étudie les causes et les conséquences de ce repli et propose une solution à la crise de confiance et à la désaffection qu’il a créées. On y soutient qu’un retour à ce que Fernand Braudel a appelé en 1958 dans les Annales la longue durée est à la fois nécessaire et à portée de main : nécessaire si l’on veut que l’histoire retrouve sa place en tant que science sociale critique, à portée de main si l’on pense à la masse de données historiques désormais disponibles et aux nouveaux outils numériques qui permettent de les analyser.

Abstract

Abstract

Since the 1970s, most historians in the anglophone world have worked on timescales of between five and fifty years. This narrow focus represented a retreat from the longer periods generally covered before the late twentieth century and served to cut them off from wider reading publics and to deprive them of the influence on public policy and global governance they had once had. This article surveys the causes and the consequences of this retreat and proposes a solution for the crisis of confidence and of relevance it has created. A return to what Fernand Braudel had classically termed the longue durée in the Annales in 1958 is now both imperative and feasible: imperative, in order to restore history's place as a critical social science; feasible, due to the increased availability of large amounts of historical data and the digital tools necessary to analyze them.

Type
La longue durée en débat
Information
Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 289 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 2015 

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Footnotes

*

Nous remercions, pour leurs commentaires, Jenny Andersson, Matthew Desmond, Paul Freedman, Stella Ghervas, Daniel Jütte, Jeremy Kessler, Anna Su et John Witt, ainsi que les participants au Legal History Forum de la Yale Law School.

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