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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 November 2011
The appearance of a joint paper more than ten years after the death of one of its authors demands a few words of explanation. Our late Fellow, Herbert Chitty, read before this Society on 21st May 1925 a paper on ‘Fromond's Chantry at Winchester College', printed in the 75th volume of Archaeologia. It was his intention to offer to the Society a companion paper upon the other chantry in the college, that of Warden Robert Thurbern, and from 1926 onwards he devoted time to research into its history, and to the collection of a series of lantern slides, made for him by the late Sydney Pitcher. Other occupations forced Chitty to lay aside this project, and it remained unfinished at his death on 28th December 1949. The basic materials survived him, however, as well as the collection of slides. Meanwhile, the years 1950–60 have seen momentous changes in the appearance of Thurbern's Chantry, adding a new chapter to its history. These functional, architectural, and decorative changes are now complete, and this seems a suitable time to present the results of Chitty's researches, followed by some account of recent happenings.
page 208 note 1 For permission to use the material left by Chitty I am greatly indebted to his daughter, Miss Letty Chitty, and to the warden and fellows of Winchester College. I have to thank the college master masons, Mr. J. L. Mildenhall and Mr. H. A. G. Blackwell, for much help, and Mr. Dennis King, F.S.A., Mr.E. A.Sollars, and the National Buildings Record for photographs.
page 208 note 2 For the history of the foundation and buildings, see T. F. Kirby, Annals of Winchester College (1892), and Winchester College Archaeological Society: Winchester College (1926). For the tower, see Chitty, H., ‘The Winchester College Bells and Belfries’ in Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club, &c, ix, pt. i (1920), 37–80.Google Scholar
page 208 note 3 For Thurbern, and for other medieval scholars of Winchester, see T. F. Kirby, Winchester Scholars (1888); and for those who proceeded to Oxford, A. B. Emden, A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500 (3 vols., 1957–9).
page 209 note 1 W(inchester) C(ollege) M(uniments) 22833, 4th quarter, last week.
page 209 note 2 For the history of Fromond's Chantry, see H. Chitty, ‘Fromond's Chantry at Winchester College’, in Archaeologia, lxxv (1926), 139–58.Google Scholar
page 210 note 1 The title deeds of the Romsey properties are WCM 16256–68; the deed-poll by which the college accepted the benefaction is WCM 15, also enrolled in the ‘Registrum Rubrum’ (WCM 22991) at f. 187v. The Crown licence is recorded in Calendar of Patent Rolls (1452–61), 244.
page 210 note 2 In the lists of obits which appear on the yearly bursars' account rolls, the heading is given as ‘Obitus magistri Roberti Turborne, custodis huius Collegii, et magistri Ricardi Petworth, thesaurarii domini Cardinalis Bewforde, parentum et benefactorumrsquo;. Chantries were commonly founded with the intention of an individual, his parents, wife and family, of personal benefactors and of the royal family. It was less usual for the intention to be double, though the college list included joint obits for Thomas Ashborne and John Bedell, Henry Keswyk and John Farlyngton, Andrew Hulse and Warden John Baker, and Warden John Morys and Richard Waryn. An analogy occurs in the Muslim world in the double madrasa-mausoleum of Sangar al-Gawli and Sayf ad-Din Salar built in Cairo A.D. 1303/4 by the former for himself and his friend (Creswell, K. A. C., The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, ii (1959), 242–5).Google Scholar
page 211 note 1 For Petteworth's career see Emden, op. cit. (p. 208, note 3); Sussex Record Society, xi, 316, 350, 353, 354, 361; Canterbury and York Society, xvii, 205–6. It seems all but certain that our man was the canon of Shulbrede, and that he must have received a dispensation from his vows as a regular. I am indebted to Miss G. M. A. Beck for much help in the fruitless endeavour to localize Petteworth at Petworth, Sussex.
page 211 note 2 Poggio reached England in November 1418 and left in December 1422. For the exchange of letters between Poggio and Petteworth, see Poggii Epistulae (ed. A. Wilmanns, 1877); E. Walser, Poggius Florentinus—Leben und Werke, 454; W. F. Schirmer, Der englische Frühhumanismus (1931), 21, 24–2 5; also Literae Cantuarienses (Rolls Series), iii, 189; R. Weiss, Some Unpublished Correspondence of Guarino da Verona, 110–13.
page 211 note 3 WCM 2178.
page 211 note 4 Bursars' account, WCM 22110.
page 211 note 5 WCM 3559a; and 22114, under ‘Liberacio forinseca’.
page 211 note 6 Bursars' account, WCM 22123, ‘Recepcio forinseca’.
page 211 note 7 WCM 22124, ‘Mutuum’.
page 211 note 8 Petteworth's will is registered in P.C.C. 14 Stokton, and also in the Winchester episcopal register, Waynflete, i, f. 55.
page 211 note 9 It is worth drawing attention to the building of the Pazzi Chapel in Florence in 1429–30 to the designs of Filippo Brunelleschi, whose career as the first of Renaissance architects was exactly contemporary with that of Poggio as a literary humanist.
page 212 note 1 WCM 22143, ‘Custus Capelle’.
page 213 note 1 The surviving account rolls are WCM 22143–8.
page 213 note 2 WCM 22137,‘Custus domorum’.
page 213 note 3 WCM 22142, ‘Custus Capelle’.
page 213 note 4 WCM 22137, ‘Custus necessarij’.
page 213 note 5 WCM 22150, ‘Liberacio ad le vyce’.
page 213 note 6 Ibid., ‘Custus Capelle’.
page 213 note 7 WCM 22151, ‘Custus Capelle’.
page 214 note 1 T. F. Kirby: Annals (see p. 208, note 2), 222; WCM 22152.
page 215 note 1 Notes & Queries, 12 ser. iii (Dec. 1917), 496–8.
page 215 note 2 The documents relating to this benefaction are WCM 19424–74.
page 216 note 1 The Wells muniments are WCM 19402–23.
page 216 note 2 See H. Chitty in Archaeologia, lxxv, 153–4; Harvey, J. H. in Proceedings, Hants. Field Club, &c, xx (1956), 49.Google Scholar
page 216 note 3 WCM 22150, ‘Custus necessarij cum donis’.
page 216 note 4 Matthew Hutton's notes, British Museum, Harleian MS. 6977, f. 15 (see p. 218, note 3).
page 216 note 5 WCM 23477. An interest in the heraldry displayed in college was also shown by Charles Blackstone (see p. 220, note 7), who made notes on the bosses, WCM 23481, 23483.
page 217 note 1 Baigent Papers in Muniment Room.
page 217 note 2 The documents relating to the chantry are WCM 61–66.
page 217 note 3 WCM 2178, 2179a; WCM 3559a bears a similar but not identical sign against Petteworth's attestation.
page 217 note 4 Proceedings, Hants. Field Club, &c, ix, pt. i, 46
page 218 note 1 Hope, W. H. St. J. in Archaeological Journal, 2 ser., xxi, no. 3, 217–60; R.C.H.M., City of Oxford (1939), 5–8.Google Scholar
page 218 note 2 Davis, R. H. C. in Oxoniensia, xi/xii (1946–7), 82.Google Scholar
page 218 note 3 B.M., Harleian MS. 6977, f. 15. Hutton's notes on Winchester cover ff. 14–29v and 35–44v.
page 218 note 4 Bodleian Library, Wood MS. D. 4, ff. 33 ff.
page 218 note 5 Kirby, T. F., Winchester Scholars, 74; H. C(hitty) in The Wykehamist, no. 551, Apr. 1916, xii, 2.Google Scholar
page 218 note 6 Harleian MS. 6977, f. 15V.
page 219 note 1 Hutton was not quite accurate: in the first text the fourth word is ‘;sis’; in the third the sixth word should read ‘viuifcasti’. He omitted the second light, with the kneeling figure of a lady and the text ‘…fer ad ethera luc-’, and the fifth light which showed a kneeling man and ‘Cum prece deuota famulantis suscipe vota (pl. XXXII c).
page 219 note 2 For Dogoode, see H. C(hitty), ‘The Chaplains of Fromond's Chantry at Winchester’ in Notes & Queries, 12 ser., ii, 221 (16 Sept. 1916), reprinted with additions as a pamphlet, 11–12; A. B. Emden, A Biog. Reg. of the University of Oxford, i (i9S7). 583.
page 219 note 3 WCM 22165, 22166.
page 219 note 4 G. McN. Rushforth, Mediaeval Christian Imagery (1936), 369–402.
page 220 note 1 WCM 22203.
page 220 note 2 WCM 22220, ‘Custus Capellae’ 1670–1, 4th quarter.
page 220 note 3 WCM 22223, ‘Custus Capellae’ 1739–40, 3rd quarter.
page 220 note 4 (Thomas Warton), A Description of the City, College and Cathedral of Winchester (c. 1760), 27.
page 220 note 5 WCM 24181–8. A survey drawing of the tower by the college bricklayer, William Kernott, made at this time, survives as WCM 24180. Kernott was paid 4 gns. for inspecting the foundations of the new wall when it was built in 1772–3 (WCM 22225, ‘Custus Necessarii’ 1774, Ist quarter).
page 220 note 6 The History and Antiquities of Winchester (1773), i, 96.
page 220 note 7 MS. ‘Benefactors of Winchester College’, WCM 23459, 57–6; another copy is in the Fellows’ Library.
page 220 note 8 M. E. C. Walcott, William of Wykeham and his Colleges (1852), 224. A sketch of the arches into the chantry at this period occurs as an illustration of Antechapel in a manuscript Notion Book, Thompson's ‘Winchester Illustrated’ of c. 1850 (Fellows’ Library, S. 13); an enlarged photograph of this sketch is WCM 24298.
page 221 note 1 WCM 24305–75.
page 221 note 2 WCM 24315.
page 221 note 3 Butterfield's designs for the new tower and Q chantry, or contemporary tracings of them, are WCM 24377a-f.
page 221 note 4 Stopher's original notebook is WCM 24376, and his re-plotting of the ground plan, made in 1912, is WCM 24301. The arrangements in chapel and Thurbern's Chantry before the rebuilding appear also in a small plan of c. 1861, WCM 243000 (pl. xxxi c).
page 222 note 1 The Wykehamist, no. 73, 27 Oct. 1874, 4.
page 222 note 2 For the recovery of the glass, see J. H. Harvey in Illustrated London News, 1 Apr. 1950, ccxvi, 491–3; ibid. 31 Jan. 1953, ccxxii, 170–1; W. Oakeshott, The Sequence of English Medieval Art (1950), 50; M. Rickert, Painting in Britain—The Middle Ages (1954), 186–8; Harvey, J. H. in Archaeologia, xcviii (1961), n, 12, 16.Google Scholar
page 222 note 3 The best accounts of these tapestries are by A. F. Kendrick in Burlington Magazine, vi (1904–5), 495; and by Herbert Chitty in The Wykehamist, no. 497, Feb. 1912, this last reprinted with additions as a pamphlet The Winchester College Tapestries (1912).
page 223 note 1 See p. 220, note 6.
page 223 note 2 J. D. Le Couteur, Ancient Glass in Winchester (revised ed. 1928), 98–114.
page 223 note 3 Some of the fragmentary glass was formerly in windows, destroyed in the nineteenth century, at Adderbury Church, Oxon., for some pieces were drawn there by Charles Winston in November 1851 (B.M., Add. MS. 35211, R. 2).
page 223 note 4 Le Couteur, op. cit. 114, mistakenly describing the glass as of the late fifteenth century and associating it with the glazing of Thurbern's Chantrv
page 223 note 5 Illustrated in Le Couteur, op. cit., pl. xxx.
page 224 note 1 Wykeham's Statutes, Rubric xlv; printed in The Statutes of Winchester College (H.M.S.O., 1855), 75: and in T. F. Kirby, Annals of Winchester College, 520; cf. p. 92.
