Hostname: page-component-669899f699-chc8l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-28T12:02:38.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bilingual memory research: From storage to processing issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Kirsten M. Hummel
Kirsten M. Hummel*
Affiliation:
Université Laval
*
Département de langues et linguistique, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A review is offered of various bilingual memory studies that have been carried out during the past quarter century. The vast majority of these studies have employed lexical items as the investigative tool, tested outside of a grammatical or semantic context. Some of the major limitations of such lexical studies are discussed. A number of arguments are provided to support the trend in recent studies to examine bilingual memory within the framework of contextualized language units. In contrast to the earlier lexical studies, which largely focused on storage issues, the more recent studies tend to examine issues concerned with lexical access and processing of the bilingual's two linguistic codes. It is argued that studies employing contextualized linguistic units are more reflective of natural language processing.

Type
Articles
Information
Applied Psycholinguistics , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , July 1993 , pp. 267 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Aaronson, D., & Ferres, S. (1986). Sentence processing in Chinese-American bilinguals. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 136–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aructure, B., & Criss, S. S. (1980). The structure of bilingual verbal memory: Long-term retention of discourse form and content. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Berkovits, R., Abarbanel, J., & Sitman, D. (1984). The effects of language proficiency on memory for input language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 5, 209–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A., & Brones, I. (1980). Semantic classification by bilinguals. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Champagnol, R. (1973). Organisation sémantique et linguistique dans le rappel libre bilingue. Année psychologique, 73, 113–134.Google Scholar
Clark, H. H. (1973). The language-as-a-fixed-effect fallacy. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 335–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, A. M. B., & Nas, G. (1991). Lexical representation of cognates and noncognates in compound bilinguals. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 90–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durgunoğlu, A., & Roediger, H. L., III. (1987). Test differences in accessing bilingual memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 377–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, M. W. (1979). Depth, elaboration, and distinctiveness. In Cermak, L. S. & Craik, F. I. M. (eds.), Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 89–118). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Fillenbaum, S. (1973). Syntactic factors in memory? The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerard, L. D., & Scarborough, D. L. (1989). Language-specific lexical access of homographs by bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(2), 305–315.Google Scholar
Goggin, J., & Wickens, D. (1971). Proactive interference and language change in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10, 453–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Guenther, R. K. (1984). Bilingual representation of discourse. Psychological Reports, 54,83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hines, T. M. (1978). The independence of languages in bilingual memory. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Oregon.Google Scholar
Hummel, K. M. (1986). Memory for bilingual prose. In Vaid, J. (Ed.), Language processing in bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and neuropsychological perspectives (pp. 47–64). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Jacoby, L., & Craik, F. I. M. (1979). Effects of elaboration of processing at encoding and retrieval: Trace distinctiveness and recovery of initial context. In Cermak, L. S. & Craik, F. I. M. (eds.), Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 1–21). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kintsch, W. (1970). Models for free recall and recognition. In Norman, D. A. (Ed.), Models of human memory (pp. 331–373). New York: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kintsch, K. (1977). Memory and cognition. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kirsner, K., Brown, H. L., Abrol, S., Chaddha, N. N., & Sharma, N. K. (1980). Bilingualism and lexical representation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 585–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsner, K., Smith, S. M., Lockhart, R. L. S., King, M. L., & Jain, M. (1984). The bilingual lexicon: Language-specific units in an integrated network. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 519–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klix, F., & Van der Meer, E. (1980). The method of analogy recognition for the determination of semantic relations in long-term memory. In Klix, F. & Hoffman, J. (eds.), Cognition and memory (pp. 145–152). Amsterdam: North-Holland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1963). Interlingual word association. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2, 291–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1965). Bilingualism and bicodalism. Language and Speech; 8,122–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1966). Interlingual facilitation of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 314–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1968). Bilingualism and information processing. Scientific American, 218 (03 1968), 78–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landry, R. (1978). Le bilinguisme: Le facteur repetition. Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 548–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landry, R. (1981). Apprentissage dans des contextes bilingues. Centre international de recherche sur le bilinguisme, Québec.Google Scholar
Liepmann, D., & Saegert, J. (1974). Language tagging in bilingual free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 1137–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, M., Hicks, R., & Young, R. (1974). Retroactive inhibition in a bilingual A-B, A-B’ paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacWhinney, B., Bates, E., & Kliegl, R. (1984). Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 127–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1989). Access and integration: Projecting sound onto meaning. In Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (Ed.), Lexical representation and process (pp. 3–24). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (1980). The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. Cognition, 8, 1–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClelland, J. L. (1987). The case for interactionism in language processing (Technical Report ONR-87-1). Carnegie-Mellon, Department of Psychology.Google Scholar
Meyer, D., & Ruddy, M. (1974, April). Bilingual word recognition: Organization and retrieval of alternate lexical codes.Communication presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association,Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, E. M. M. (1992). Memory for metaphor by nonfluent bilinguals. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27(2), 111–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nott, C., & Lambert, W. (1968). Free recall of bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7, 1065–1071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Paivio, A., & Desrochers, A. (1980). A dual-coding approach to bilingual memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 390–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paivio, A., & Lambert, W. (1981). Dual coding and bilingual memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 532–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, M. C., So, K. F., Von Eckardt, B., & Feldman, L. B. (1984). Lexical and conceptual representation in beginning and proficient bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, M., & Lambert, W. (1969). Interlingual interference in a bilingual version of the Stroop color-word task. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 295–301.Google Scholar
Ransdell, S. E., & Fischler, I. (1987). Memory in a monolingual mode: When are bilinguals at a disadvantage? Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 392–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, K., & Balota, D. A. (1989). Parafoveal preview effects and lexical access during eye fixations in reading. In Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (Ed.), Lexical representation and process (pp. 261–290). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumelhart, D., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition: Volume 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarborough, D. L., Gerard, L., & Cortese, C. (1984). Independence of lexical access in bilingual word recognition. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23,84–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwanenflugel, P. J., & Rey, M. (1986). Interlingual semantic facilitation: Evidence for a common representational system in the bilingual lexicon. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 605–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwanenflugel, P. J., & Shoben, E. (1985). The influence of sentence constraints on the scope of facilitation for upcoming words. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 232–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. C. (1991). On the recruitment of semantic information for word fragment completion: Evidence from bilingual priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory, and Cognition, 17(2), 234–244.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, G. (1984). Concepts and their surface representations. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanenhaus, M. K., & Carlson, G. N. (1989). Lexical structure and language comprehension. In Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (Ed.), Lexical representation and process (pp. 529–561). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiberghien, G. (1988). Language context and context language. In Davies, G. M. & Thomson, D. M. (Eds.), Memory in context: Context in memory (pp. 139–189). Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tulving, E., & Colotla, V. (1970). Free recall of trilingual lists. Cognitive Psychology, 1, 86–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dijk, T. A., & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies of discourse comprehension. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Robust effects of syntactic structure on visual word processing. Memory and Cognition, 14, 104–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, R. K., & Navar, M. I. (1968). Retroactive inhibition with bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 109–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed