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Family effect on cultured pearl quality in black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera and insights for genetic improvement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2013

Chin-Long Ky ,
Carole Blay ,
Manaarii Sham-Koua ,
Vincent Vanaa ,
Cédrik Lo  and
Philippe Cabral
Chin-Long Ky*
Affiliation:
Ifremer, UMR EIO241, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
Carole Blay
Affiliation:
Ifremer, UMR EIO241, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
Manaarii Sham-Koua
Affiliation:
Ifremer, UMR EIO241, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
Vincent Vanaa
Affiliation:
Ifremer, UMR EIO241, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
Cédrik Lo
Affiliation:
Direction des Ressources Marines, BP 20, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
Philippe Cabral
Affiliation:
Gauguin’s Pearl Farm, BP 191, 98776 Avatoru, Rangiroa – Archipel des Tuamotus, Polynésie Française
*
a Corresponding author: chinky@ifremer.fr
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Abstract

Individual Pinctada margaritifera molluscs were collected from the Takapoto atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) and used to produce ten first generation full-sib families in a hatchery system, following artificial breeding protocols. After three years of culture, these progenies were transferred to Rangiroa atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) and tested for their potential as graft donors. A large-scale grafting experiment of 1500 grafts was conducted, in which a single professional grafter used ten individual donor oysters from each of the ten families, grafting 15 recipient oysters from each donor. The recipient oysters were all obtained from wild spat collection in Ahe (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia). After 18 months of culture, 874 pearls were harvested. Highly significant donor family effects were found for nucleus retention, nacre thickness, nacre weight, pearl colour darkness and visually-perceived colour (bodycolor and overtone), pearl shape categories, surface defects and lustre, the last two of which are components of the Tahitian classification grade. No significant difference was recorded between the ten G1 families for the absence or presence of rings. The progenies could be ranked from “best” (i.e., the donor whose grafts produced the greatest number of grade A pearls) to the “worst”. Some progenies had extreme characteristics: family B presented the greatest number of pearls with lustre (98%) and a high proportion of dark gray to black with green overtone pearls (70%). These results have important implications for the selective breeding of donor pearl oysters: it may be possible to reach a point where specific donor lines whose grafts produce pearls with specific quality traits could be identified and maintained as specific breeding lines.

Keywords

Cultured pearl oysterPearl qualityProgeny effectsHeritabilityGenetic selectionPinctada margaritiferaFrench Polynesia
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 133 - 145
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013

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