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A collection of seventeenth-century architectural plans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

Alison Maguire  and
Howard Colvin
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Extract

The manuscript volume of plans here published for the first time forms part of the Rawlinson collection in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, in which it is listed as D. 710. The collection was bequeathed to the Bodleian by the antiquary Richard Rawlinson (1690–1755), graduate of St John’s College, Jacobite and non-juring bishop. He and his brother Thomas (d. 1725) were avid collectors of manuscripts of every kind, especially those of the sixteenth, seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The collection is particularly rich in English history and topography, including, for instance, the Thurloe State Papers and Samuel Pepys’s papers as Secretary of the Admiralty. Although architecture does not appear to have been a major interest of either brother, the collection includes many of the surviving account-books of James Nedeham as Surveyor of the King’s Works from 1532 to 1544 (MSS C. 775–85), the engrossed accounts of Sir Christopher Wren for the building of the London City Churches after the Great Fire (MSS B. 387–89), Sir John Vanbrugh’s proposals for the ‘Fifty New Churches’ (MS B. 376. f. 351), and William Kent’s Italian notebook (MS D. 1162).

Type
Research Article
Information
Architectural History , Volume 35 , 1992 , pp. 140 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain 1992

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References

Notes

1 For the Rawlinsons see Enright, B. J., ‘Richard Rawlinson, Collector, Antiquary and Topographer’, (Oxford D.Phil, 1937)Google Scholar; Tashjian, G. R. and Tashjian, D. and Enright, B. J., Richard Rawlinson, A Tercentenary Memorial (Western Michigan University, 1990)Google Scholar.

2 Macray, G. D., Cat. Cod. Bibl. Bod., Rawlinson, 5 vols (1826-1900)Google Scholar, and Madan, F., Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, vol. 3 (1895), sect. xiii Google Scholar.

3 In a letter to H. Colvin dated 12 Dec. 1963.

4 Most sheets have watermarks or countermarks, these are both recorded under watermark. The Strasburg lily was in use from 1636, the Horn from 1643, the Amsterdam arms from 1635 to 1796, the Arms of the Seven Provinces from 1656 to 1700, the fools cap by Pieter van der Ley from 1665. English coats of arms also were used by Dutch paper-makers, and paper was made in France for the Dutch market from 1635 and even after the Edict of Nantes (1685). Claude de George, a French paper-maker, made for the Dutch. His countermark is found on good quality paper in England, i.e. W. Winde, North peers and plan of the 2nd storey at Hampstead Marshall; some Combe Abbey drawings, including the peers, 1691; Antoine Joly (1669-99), ground plot of the garden wing at Hampstead Marshall (MS Gough a2). Churchill, W. A., Watermark in paper in Holland, England, France in the XVII, and XVIII centuries and their interconnection (Amsterdam, 1935)Google Scholar.

5 North (1981), p. 251.

6 For their careers, see H. Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 (1978).

7 College of Arms, RR G86, ff. 18-23.

8 British Library, Add. Charter 32751.

9 In some cases it seems that ideas have not been thought through.

10 North (1981).

11 For a fuller discussion of this see Maguire, A. M., ‘The Planning of the English Country House 1660-1700’ (Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute, 1989)Google Scholar.

12 ‘The Smythson Collection of the Royal Institute of British Architects’, ed. Girouard, M., Architectural History, Vol. 5 (1962)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Thorpe (1966).

14 Treswell (1987).

15 Harris, and Tait, A. A., Catalogue of the Drawings by Inigo Jones, John Webb & Isaac de Caus at Worcester College Oxford (Oxford, 1979)Google Scholar.

16 The Notebooks of Sir Roger Pratt, ed. Gunther, R. (Oxford, 1928)Google Scholar.

17 H. Colvin, ‘Haunt Hill House, Weldon’, Studies in Building History (1961), ed. M. Jope, p. 225; and Quiney, A., ‘The Lobby-entry house: its origins and distributions’, Architectural History, vol. 27 (1984), p. 96 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

18 Quiney, A. The Traditional Buildings of England (London, 1990)Google Scholar.

19 Smythson 1962, 11/21-23.

20 ‘Central glide’. Celia Fiennes used ‘glide’ to describe a through passage from the front door to the garden door. The Journeys of Celia Fiennes, ed. C. Morris (1947), p. 29.

21 G. Markham, Country Contentments: or the English Huswife (1613); The English Husbandman (1613, reprinted 1635).

22 Barley, M. Archaeological Journal, 136 (1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 Harris and Tait (1979), pl. 115.

24 Other examples (nos 22, 146, 138).

25 North (1981), p. 70.

26 Other examples (nos 7, 76, 86, 90, 159, 161).

27 Harris and Tait (1979), pl. 116.

28 North (1981), p. 70.

29 Harris and Tait (1979), pl. 116.

30 i.e. Woodcock Hall, Farington, Lanes.; Forston House, Charminster, Dorset; Dingwood Park, Ledbury, Hereford; Rainham Hall, Essex.

31 North (1981), pp. 73-76.

32 Harris and Tait (1979), pl. 117 — Mr Surveyor’s plan has a transverse great hall in the middle range with transverse structural walls to each side, dividing the plan into three parts.

33 Pratt (1928), p. 269, where it is possible Pratt is referring to Kingston.

34 History of the King’s Works 1660-1782, ed. Colvin, H., vol. V (1976), pp. 318 Google Scholar, 320.

35 Kelsall, A. F., ‘The London House Plan in the later 17th century’, Post-Medieval Archeology, vol. 8 (1974)Google Scholar.

36 Treswell (1987), p. 25.

37 North (1981), pl. 11.

38 North (1981), p. 69.

39 North (1981), p. 70.

40 North (1981), pp. 73-76.

41 North (1981), p. 76.

42 However, the Great House having a Body and Pavilions plan is definitely French, its model being the Palais de Luxembourg, built for Marie de Medici (T123, 124) by Salomon de Brosse (1615).

43 Thorpe (1966), T64.

44 Thorpe (1966), T18.

45 Reddaway, T. F., The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (London, 1940)Google Scholar.

46 Treswell (1987), p. 15.

47 Treswell (1987), p. 21. The closets were quite small, i.e. 7½ ft × 3½ ft in Pudding Lane.

48 North (1981), p. 137.

49 North (1981), p. 133.

50 A point which will be argued and developed in a forthcoming study of The Compact English House by the present author in collaboration with Andor Gomme.

51 Whitmore papers, Gloucester County Record Office, 8 (4/1).