Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2017
Arousal is typically conceived as a key component of emotional response. We describe here the psychological processes thought to elicit arousal – in particular, the processes involved in the appraisal of affective relevance. The key role of relevance in attentional and memory processing, and its links with arousal, is discussed with respect to the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model described by Mather et al.
To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Dropbox account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Google Drive account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.
Target article
Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory
Related commentaries (27)
Adaptive memory systems for remembering the salient and the seemingly mundane
Amplified selectivity in cognitive processing implements the neural gain model of norepinephrine function
Are there “local hotspots?” When concepts of cognitive psychology do not fit with physiological results
Arousal-biased preferences for sensory input: An agent-centered and multisource perspective
Bidirectional synaptic plasticity can explain bidirectional retrograde effects of emotion on memory
Bodily arousal differentially impacts stimulus processing and memory: Norepinephrine in interoception
Cognitive control, dynamic salience, and the imperative toward computational accounts of neuromodulatory function
Competition elicits arousal and affect
Contemplating the GANE model using an extreme case paradigm
Dentate gyrus and hilar region revisited
Does arousal enhance apical amplification and disamplification?
Effect of arousal on perception as studied through the lens of the motor correlates of sexual arousal
Emotional memory: From affective relevance to arousal
Emotionally arousing context modulates the ERP correlates of neutral picture processing: An ERP test of the GANE model
For better or worse, or for a change?
GANEing on emotion and emotion regulation
Glutamate and norepinephrine interaction: Relevance to higher cognitive operations and psychopathology
Importance of amygdala noradrenergic activity and large-scale neural networks in regulating emotional arousal effects on perception and memory1
Interactions of noradrenaline and cortisol and the induction of indelible memories
Locus coeruleus reports changes in environmental contingencies
Once more with feeling: On the explanatory limits of the GANE model and the missing role of subjective experience
The Fluency Amplification Model supports the GANE principle of arousal enhancement
The role of arousal in predictive coding
What BANE can offer GANE: Individual differences in function of hotspot mechanisms
What do we GANE with age?
Why we forget our dreams: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine in wakefulness and REM sleep
“What have we GANEd?” A theoretical construct to explain experimental evidence for noradrenergic regulation of sensory signal processing
Author response
GANEing traction: The broad applicability of NE hotspots to diverse cognitive and arousal phenomena