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The reliability of peer review for manuscript and grant submissions: A cross-disciplinary investigation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Domenic V. Cicchetti
Domenic V. Cicchetti
Affiliation:
VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, Electronic mail: cicchetti@yalevm.bitnet
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Abstract

The reliability of peer review of scientific documents and the evaluative criteria scientists use to judge the work of their peers are critically reexamined with special attention to the consistently low levels of reliability that have been reported. Referees of grant proposals agree much more about what is unworthy of support than about what does have scientific value. In the case of manuscript submissions this seems to depend on whether a discipline (or subfield) is general and diffuse (e.g., cross-disciplinary physics, general fields of medicine, cultural anthropology, social psychology) or specific and focused (e.g., nuclear physics, medical specialty areas, physical anthropology, and behavioral neuroscience). In the former there is also much more agreement on rejection than acceptance, but in the latter both the wide differential in manuscript rejection rates and the high correlation between referee recommendations and editorial decisions suggests that reviewers and editors agree more on acceptance than on rejection. Several suggestions are made for improving the reliability and quality of peer review. Further research is needed, especially in the physical sciences.

Keywords

cross-disciplinary comparisonsevaluationgrant reviewmanuscript reviewspeer reviewquality controlreliability
Type
Target Article
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 119 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

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