Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T21:49:10.782Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Memory for Actions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

Willi Ecker  and
Johannes Engelkamp
Willi Ecker
Affiliation:
Psychosomatische Fachklinik Bad Dürkheim, Germany
Johannes Engelkamp
Affiliation:
Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Frequent checkers with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n=24), high checking controls (n=24) and low checking controls (n=48) were instructed to learn action phrases such as “to open the book” by performing the action themselves with imaginary objects (motor encoding), by imagining how one performs the action oneself (motor-imaginal encoding), by imagining seeing somebody else performing the action (visual-imaginal encoding) and by subvocal rehearsal. Compared to low checking controls, OCD checkers showed poorer free recall of motorically encoded actions and poorer reality monitoring, i.e. they confused motor and motor-imaginal encoding more frequently. The results are consistent with a specific motor memory deficit in OCD checkers. Moreover, memory performance of OCD checkers differed from that of high checking controls.

Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , October 1995 , pp. 349 - 371
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R. E. (1984). Did I do it or did I only imagine doing it? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113 (4), 594–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. R., Schwartz, J. M., Bergman, K. S., Szuba, M. P. et al. (1992). Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 49 (9), 681–689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. and Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 4, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behar, D., Rapoport, J. L., Berg, C. J. et al. (1984). Computerised tomography and neuropsychological test measures in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 141, 363–369.Google Scholar
Benkelfat, C., Nordahl, T. E., Semple, W. E., King, A. C., Murphy, D. L. and Cohen, R. M. (1990). Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 840–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boone, K. B., Ananth, J., Philpott, L., Kaur, A. and Djenderedjian, A. (1991). Neuropsychological characteristics of nondepressed adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 4 (2), 96–109.Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P., Fitzgerald, P. and Parkes, K. (1982). The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E., Broadbent, M. H. P. and Jones, J. L. (1986). Performance correlates of self-reported cognitive failure and of obsessionality. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 25, 285–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, G. L., Formea, G. M., Keortge, S. and Sternberger, L. G. (1995). The utilization of nonpatient samples in the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy 33 (2), 133–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, K. J., Won Kim, S., Dysken, M. W. and Hoover, K. M. (1992). Neuropsychological performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 31, 4–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, R. L. (1981). On the generality of some memory laws. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 22, 267–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, R. L. (1983). The effect of encoding variables on the free recall of words and action events. Memory & Cognition 11 (6), 575–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, C. S., Fedio, P. and Rapoport, J. (1989). Neuropsychological testing of obsessive-compulsive adolescents. In Rapoport, J. (Ed). Obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
De Silva, P. (1986). Obsessional-compulsive imagery. Behaviour Research & Therapy 24, 333–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engelkamp, J. and Krumnacker, H. (1980). Imaginale und motorische Prozesse beim Behalten verbalen Materials. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 17 (4), 511–533.Google Scholar
Engelkamp, J. and Sieloff, U. (1985). Individual differences in motor imagery ability and recall of action phrases. Archives of Psychology 137, 241–254.Google ScholarPubMed
Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H. D. and Denis, M. (1989). Paired associate learning of action verbs with visual- or motor-imaginal encoding instructions. Psychological Research 50, 257–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelkamp, J. and Zimmer, H. D. (1994). The human memory. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber.Google Scholar
Frost, R. O., Sher, K. J. and Geen, T. (1986). Psychopathology and personality characteristics of nonclinical compulsive checkers. Behaviour Research & Therapy 24 (2), 133–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, R. O., Lahart, C. M., Dugas, K. M. and Sher, K. J. (1988). Information processing among non-clinical compulsives. Behaviour Research & Therapy 26 (3), 275–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, N. S. (1987). Neurological factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 150, 567–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Head, D., Bolton, D. and Hymas, N. (1989). Deficit in cognitive shifting ability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders. Biological Psychiatry 25, 929–937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollander, E., Schiffmann, E., Cohen, B., Rivera-Stein, M. A., Rosen, W., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., Papp, L. and Liebowitz, M. R. (1990). Signs of central nervous system dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, R. J. and Rachman, S. (1977). Obsessional-compulsive complaints. Behaviour Research & Therapy 15, 389–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, N. (1990). Wenn Zwänge das Leben einengen. Zwangsgedanken und Zwangshandlungen. Ursachen, Behandlungsmethoden und Möglichkeiten der Selbsthilfe. Mannheim: PAL Verlag.Google Scholar
Hohagen, F. (1992). Neurobiological bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In Hand, I., Goodman, W. K. and Evers, U. (Eds). Obsessive-compulsive disorders. New research results. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Insel, T. R. (1992). Toward a neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 49 (9), 739–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: separating automatic and intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30, 513–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janet, P. (1903). Les obsessions et la psychasthénie (Vol. 1, 2nd edn). Paris: Alcan.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. K. and Raye, C. (1981). Reality monitoring. Psychological Bulletin 88, 67–85.Google Scholar
Lang, H. (1986). Zur Struktur und Therapie der Zwangsneurose. Psyche 4, 953–970.Google Scholar
Laux, L., Glanzmann, P., Schaffner, P. and Spielberger, C. D. (1981). Das State-Trait-Angstinventar. Weinheim: Beltz.Google Scholar
Martinot, J. L., Allilaire, J. F., Mazoyer, B. M. et al. (1990). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 82, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNally, R. J. and Kohlbeck, P. A. (1993). Reality monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy 31 (3), 249–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Modell, J., Mountz, J., Curtis, G. and Greden, J. (1989). Neurophysiological dysfunction in basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits as a pathogenetic mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1, 27–36.Google ScholarPubMed
Otto, M. W. (1992). Normal and abnormal information processing: a neuropsychological perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 15 (4), 825–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quint, H. (1988). Die Zwangsneurose aus psychoanalytischer Sicht. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rachman, S. (1993). Obsessions, responsibility and guilt. Behaviour Research & Therapy 31 (2), 149–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rasmussen, S. A. and Eisen, J. E. (1989). Clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Annals 19 (2), 67–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapoport, J. L. (1990). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and basal ganglia dysfunction. Psychological Medicine 20, 465–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rauch, S. L. and Jenike, M. A. (1993) Neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychosomatics 34, 20–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, G. F. (1977). Obsessional personality disorder and remembering. British Journal of Psychiatry 130, 177–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, G. F. (1985). Obsessional experience and compulsive behaviour. A cognitive-structural approach. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Reed, G. F. (1991). The cognitive characteristics of obsessional disorder. In Magaro, P. A. (Ed). Cognitive bases of mental disorders. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Reinecker, H. (1991). Zwänge. Diagnose, Theorien und Behandlung. Bern: Hans Huber.Google Scholar
Rubenstein, C. S., Peynicioglu, Z. F., Chambless, D. L. and Pigott, T. A. (1993). Memory in sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive checkers. Behaviour Research & Therapy 31, 759–765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salkovskis, P. (1994). Principles and practice of cognitive-behavioural treatment of obsessional problems. In Ecker, W. (Ed). Die Zwangsstörung als Herausforderung für Forschung und Klinische Praxis – Therapeutische Konzepte und Erfahrungen. Praxis der Klinischen Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation 26, 113–120.Google Scholar
Schwartz, J. M., Martin, K. M. and Baxter, L. R. (1992). Neuroimaging and cognitive-biobehavioral self-treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In Hand, I., Goodman, W. K. and Evers, U. (Eds). Obsessive-compulsive disorders. New research results. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. W. (1967). A shortened form of Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery. Journal of Clinical Psychology 23, 386–398.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sher, K. J., Frost, R. O. and Otto, R. (1983). Cognitive deficits in compulsive checkers: an exploratory study. Behaviour Research & Therapy 21 (4), 357–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sher, K. J., Mann, B. and Frost, R. O. (1984). Cognitive dysfunction in compulsive checkers: further explorations. Behaviour Research & Therapy 22 (5), 493–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sher, K. J., Frost, R. O., Kushner, M., Crews, T. M. and Alexander, J. E. (1989). Memory deficits in compulsive checkers: replication and extension in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research & Therapy 27 (1), 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snodgrass, J. G. and Corvin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: applications to dementia and amnesics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 117, 34–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swedo, S. E., Schapiro, M. B., Grady, C. L. et al. (1989). Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 46, 518–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swedo, S. E., Pietrini, P., Leonhard, H. L., Schapiro, M. B., Rettew, D. C., Goldberger, E. L., Rapoport, S. I., Rapoport, J. L. and Grady, C. L. (1992). Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Revisualization during pharmacotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 690–694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallis, F. (1993). Doubt reduction using distinctive stimuli as a treatment for compulsive checking: an exploratory investigation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 1 (1), 45–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallis, F. (1994). Obsessions, responsibility and guilt: two case reports suggesting a common and specific etiology. Behaviour Research & Therapy 32 (1), 143–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Oppen, P. and Arntz, A. (1994). Cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy 32 (1), 79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voderholzer, U. and Hohagen, F. (1994). Neurobiologie und Neuropharmakologie der Zwangsstörung. In W. Ecker (Hrsg). Die Zwangsstörung als Herausforderung für Forschung und Klinische Praxis – Grundlagen und Problembereiche. Praxis der Klinischen Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation 25, 6–14.Google Scholar
Zielinski, C. M., Taylor, M. A. and Juzwin, K. R. (1991). Neuropsychological deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 4, 110–126.Google Scholar
Zimmer, H. D. and Engelkamp, J. (1984). Planungs- und Ausführungsanteile motorischer Gedächtniskomponenten und ihre Wirkung auf das Behalten verbaler Bezeichnungen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 192, 379–402.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.