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Effects of climate change and human influence in the distribution and range overlap between two widely distributed avian scavengers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2020

FAUSTO SÁENZ-JIMÉNEZ Open the ORCID record for FAUSTO SÁENZ-JIMÉNEZ [Opens in a new window] ,
OCTAVIO ROJAS-SOTO ,
JAIRO PÉREZ-TORRES ,
ENRIQUE MARTÍNEZ-MEYER  and
JAMES K. SHEPPARD
FAUSTO SÁENZ-JIMÉNEZ*
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Fundación Neotropical, Bogotá, Colombia.
OCTAVIO ROJAS-SOTO
Affiliation:
Red de Biología Evolutiva, Laboratorio de Bioclimatología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Ver., México.
JAIRO PÉREZ-TORRES
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
ENRIQUE MARTÍNEZ-MEYER
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
JAMES K. SHEPPARD
Affiliation:
San Diego Zoo Global, Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego, USA.
*
*Author for correspondence; e-mail: saenzf@javeriana.edu.co
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Summary

Climate change can cause geographic displacement of the ecological niche of a species, so that similar species that previously did not coexist could begin to face new interactions. Such geographic displacement and increased competition can also be exacerbated by anthropic intervention. Until less than 100 years ago, Vultur gryphus and Coragyps atratus did not coexist. Nowadays, possibly as a result of climate change, changes in the distributions of both species created areas where they are now sympatric. Through ecological niche modeling, we evaluated the possible effects that future scenarios of climate change and human influence would have on the distribution and sympatry between the two species. Our models predict that the current distribution of V. gryphus will be reduced between 18% and 24% by 2050 and between 21% and 32% by 2070. Additionally, they predict that the distribution of C. atratus will be reduced by 31–52% by the year 2050 and 15–60% by 2070. The two algorithms predict a reduction in the areas of sympatry. However, for the northern Andes the overlap between the two species will increase, reaching up to 70% in the year 2070. The distribution of C. atratus will move towards higher areas in the altitudinal gradient, and this will generate an increase in the current sympatry between both species. No clear trend was observed on the effect of human influences on the areas of overlap between the scenarios evaluated. The possible effects of climate change and anthropic intervention in future scenarios found in this study highlight the need to include these effects in future analyses and conservation programs of V. gryphus and other threatened vultures.

Keywords

climate changeecological nichesHuman Influence IndexsympatryVultur gryphusCoragyps atratus
Type
Research Article
Information
Bird Conservation International , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , March 2021 , pp. 77 - 95
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

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