Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T20:39:08.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of six different C18 fatty acids on body fat and energy metabolism in mice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Javadi ,
H. Everts ,
R. Hovenier ,
S. Kocsis ,
Æ. Lankhorst ,
A. G. Lemmens ,
J. Th. Schonewille ,
A. H. M. Terpstra  and
A. C. Beynen
M. Javadi*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 16, PO Box 80.152, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
H. Everts
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
R. Hovenier
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
S. Kocsis
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
Æ. Lankhorst
Affiliation:
Department of Laboratory Animal Scinece, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. G. Lemmens
Affiliation:
Department of Laboratory Animal Scinece, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. Th. Schonewille
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. H. M. Terpstra
Affiliation:
Department of Laboratory Animal Scinece, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. C. Beynen
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Mrs M. Javadi, fax +31 30 253 1817, email M.Javadi@vet.uu.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We studied the effects of five high-fat semi-purified diets varying at a 4 % (w/w) level in either stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, or γ-linolenic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in BALB/c mice. A diet containing caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acid was used as a reference diet and a diet with 4 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was used as a positive control as it is known to effectively lower body fat in mice. The diets were fed for 35 d. Body fat was significantly lower in the CLA group than in the other groups but was not significantly different among the non-CLA groups. Among the non-CLA groups, the linoleic acid group tended to have the highest and the α-linolenic acid group the lowest proportion of body fat. In energy-balance studies, the percentage of energy intake that was stored in the body was significantly lower in the CLA group compared with the other dietary groups. The percentage of energy intake eliminated in excreta was highest in the stearic acid group followed by the γ-linolenic acid group. These results were reflected in apparent fat digestibility, which was lowest in the stearic acid group. The percentage of energy intake expended as heat was highest in the CLA-fed mice. The results of the present study suggest that body fat and energy accretion in mice fed diets containing different C18 fatty acids is by far the lowest with CLA and that linoleic acid produced the highest fat intake and energy accretion.

Keywords

C18 fatty acidsConjugated linoleic acidBody compositionEnergy metabolism
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 391 - 399
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Awad, AB, Bernardis, LL & Fink, CSFailure to demonstrate an effect of dietary fatty acid composition on body weight, body composition and parameters of lipid metabolism in the mature rat. J Nutr (1990) 120, 1277–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björntorp, PRates of oxidation of different fatty acids by isolated rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem (1968) 243, 2130–2133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bracco, UEffect of triglyceride structure on fat absorption. Am J Clin Nutr (1994) 60, Suppl.1002S–1009S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, KKDigestibility of individual fatty acids in the rat. J Nutr (1958) 64, 399–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, KK & Richards, JFFactors affecting digestibility of fatty acids in the rat. J Nutr (1958) 64, 411–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, SDPolyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription: a mechanism to improve energy balance and insulin resistance. Br J Nutr (2000) 83, Suppl. 1S59–S66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunnane, SC & Anderson, MJThe majority of dietary linoleate in growing rats is β-oxidized or stored in visceral fat. J Nutr (1996) 127, 146–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLany, JP, Windhauser, MM, Champagne, CM & Bray, GADifferential oxidation of individual dietary fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr (2000) 72, 905–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dulloo, AG, Mensi, N, Seydoux, J & Girardier, LDifferential effects of high-fat diets varying in fatty acid composition on the efficiency of lean and fat tissue deposition during weight recovery after low fat intake. Metabolism (1995) 44, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamura, M & Kudo, SEffects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on abdominal fat accumulation: comparison with other dietary oils J Oleo Sci (2001) 50, 129–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, JO, Lin, D, Yakubu, F & Peters, JCDevelopment of dietary obesity in rats: influence of amount and composition of dietary fat. Int J Obesity (1992) 16, 321–333.Google ScholarPubMed
Hill, JO, Peters, JC, Lin, D, Yakubu, F, Greene, H & Swift, LLipid accumulation and body fat distribution is influenced by type of dietary fat fed to rats. Int J Obesity (1993) 17, 223–236.Google ScholarPubMed
Horwitz, WOfficial Methods of Analysis of Official Analytical Chemists 12th ed., p. 225, Benjamin Franklin StationDC Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (1975)Google Scholar
Ikemoto, S, Takahashi, M, Tsunoda, N, Maruyama, K, Itakura, H & Ezaki, OHigh-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and obesity in mice: differential effects of dietary oils. Metabolism (1996) 45, 1539–1546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, PJHDietary linoleic, α-linolenic, and oleic acids are oxidized at similar rates in rats fed a diet containing these acids in equal proportions. Lipids (1994) 29, 491–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, PJH, Pencharz, PB & Clandinin, MTWhole body oxidation of dietary fatty acids: implications for energy utilization. Am J Clin Nutr (1985) 42, 769–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, PJH, Pencharz, PB & Clandinin, MTAbsorption of 13 C-labeled stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids in humans: application to breath tests. J Lab Clin Med (1985) 105, 647–652.Google Scholar
Jones, PJH & Schoeller, DAPolyunsaturated:saturated ratio of diet fat influences energy substrate utilization in the human. Metabolism (1988) 37, 145–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kabir, Y & Ide, TActivity of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rats fed α-linolenic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta (1996) 1304, 105–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kodama, AMIn vivo and in vitro determinations of body fat and body water in the hamster. J Appl Physiol (1971) 31, 218–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, DS, Connor, WE & Spenler, CWAre dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids deposited to the same extent in adipose tissue of rabbits quest. Am J Clin Nutr (1993) 58, 174–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, JA & Tobin, GAnimal and Human Calorimetry Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (1987)Google Scholar
Mercer, SW & Trayhurn, PEffect of high fat diets on energy balance and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of lean and genetically obese ob/ob mice. J Nutr (1987) 117, 2147–2153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metcalfe, LD, Schmitz, AA & Pelka, JRRapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem (1966) 38, 514–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okuno, M, Kajiwara, K, Imai, Set al.. Perilla oil prevents the excessive growth of visceral adipose tissue in rats by down-regulating adipocyte differentiation. J Nutr (1997) 127, 1752–1757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pace, N & Rathbun, ENStudies on body composition III. The body water and chemically combined nitrogen content in relation to fat content. J Biol Chem (1945) 158, 685–691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phinney, SD, Tang, AB, Thurmond, DC, Nakamura, MT & Stern, JSAbnormal polyunsaturated lipid metabolism in the obese Zucker rat, with partial metabolic correction by γ-linolenic acid administration. Metabolism (1993) 42, 1127–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinchasov, Y & Nir, IEffect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on performance, fat deposition, andcarcass fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci (1992) 71, 1504–1512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raclot, T, Langin, D, Lafontan, M & Groscolas, RSelective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure. Biochem J (1997) 324, 911–915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, P & Webb, GPEstimation of body fat in normal and obese mice. Br J Nutr (1980) 43, 83–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanz, M, Flores, A & Lopez-Bote, CJThe metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. Br Poultry Sci (2000) 412, 61–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanz, M, Flores, A, Perez de Ayala, P & Lopez-Bote, CJHigher lipid accumulation in broilers fed on saturated fats than in those fed on unsaturated fats. Br Poultry Sci (1999) 40, 95–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanz, M, Lopez-Bote, CJ, Menoyo, D & Bautista, JMAbdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and β-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. J Nutr (2000) 130, 3034–3037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheng, HP & Huggins, RAA review of body composition studies with emphasis on total body water and fat. Am J Clin Nutr (1979) 32, 630–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shillebeer, G & Lau, DCWRegulation of new fat cell formation in rats: the role of dietary fat. J Lipid Res (1994) 35, 592–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimomura, Y, Tamura, T & Suzuki, MLess body fat accumulation in rats fed a safflower oil diet than in rats fed a beef tallow diet. J Nutr (1990) 120, 1291–1296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soria, A, Chicco, A, D'Alessandro, ME, Rossi, A & Lombardo, YBDietary fish oil reverses epididymal tissue adiposity, cell hypertrophy and insulin resistance in dyslipemic sucrose fed rat model. J Nutr Biochem (2002) 13, 209–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
St-Onge, M-P & Jones, PJHPhysiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity. J Nutr (2002) 132, 329–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, W & Jones, PJHDietary fatty acid composition influences energy accretion in rats. J Nutr (1993) 123, 2109–2114.Google ScholarPubMed
Takada, R, Saitoh, M & Mori, TDietary γ-linolenic acid-enriched oil reduces body fat content and induces liver enzyme activities relating to fatty acid β-oxidation in rats. J Nutr (1994) 124, 469–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takahashi, Y & Ide, Dietary n-3 fatty acids affect mRNA level of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1, and white adipose tissue leptin and glucose transporter 4 in the rat. Br J Nutr (2000) 84, 175–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takahashi, Y, Ide, T & Fujita, HDietary gamma linolenic acid in the form of borage oil causes less body fat accumulation accompanying an increase in uncoupling protein 1 mRNA level in brown adipose tissue. Comp Biochem Physiol (2000) 127B, 213–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takeuchi, H, Matsuo, T, Tokuyama, K, Shimomura, Y & Suzuki, MDiet-induced thermogenesis is lower in rats fed a lard than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil diet or a linseed oil diet. J Nutr (1995) 125, 920–925.Google ScholarPubMed
Terpstra, AHM, Beynen, AC, Everts, H, Kocsis, S, Katan, MB & Zock, PLThe decrease in body fat in mice fed conjugated linoleic acid is due to increases in energy expenditure and energy loss in the excreta. J Nutr (2002) 132, 940–945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terpstra, AHM, Lapré, JA, de Vries, HT & Beynen, ACDietary pectin with high viscosity lowers plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in hamsters. J Nutr (1988) 128, 1944–1949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Marken Lichtenbelt, WD, Mensink, RP & Westerterp, KRThe effect of fat composition of the diet on energy metabolism. Z Ernaehrungswiss (1997) 36, 303–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, DB, Delany, JP, Camet, PM, Blohm, F, Truett, AA & Scimeca, JEffect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the mouse. Am J Physiol (1998) 275, R667–R672.Google ScholarPubMed
Yeom, K-H, van Trierum, G, Hovenier, R, Schellingerhout, AB, Lee, K-W & Beynen, ACFatty acid composition of adipose tissue in goat kids fed milk replacers with different contents of α-linolenic and linoleic acid. Small Rumin Res (2002) 43, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar