Hostname: page-component-669899f699-7tmb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-24T16:05:39.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phosphorus studies in pigs

2. Assessing phosphorus availability for pigs and rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. P. Ketaren ,
E. S. Batterham ,
E. Belinda Dettmann  and
D. J. Farrell
P. P. Ketaren
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
E. S. Batterham
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
E. Belinda Dettmann
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
D. J. Farrell
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Experiments were conducted with pigs and rats to determine the availability of P in feeds. Initially, the availability of P in a soya-bean meal and field peas (Pisum sativum cultivar Early Dun) was assessed using a slope–ratio assay for grower pigs. Three different levels of either monosodium phosphate (MSP), soya-bean meal or field peas were added to a basal sucrose–soya-bean meal diet (2·5 g/kg P) to give three levels of P (3·0, 3·5 and 4 g/kg) for each source. The diets were offered for 35 d at three times maintenance energy requirements to female pigs initially weighing 20 kg live weight. Several bone variables and the ash and P concentration and retention levels in the empty body were used as criteria of availability. The responses to MSP were linear for all variables. However, responses to P in the test proteins, particularly soya-bean meal, were mostly non-linear, except for ash and P concentrations and retentions in the empty body. The estimates of P availability in the soya-bean meal and in the field peas were dependent on the criteria used to assess availability. Using bone variables as the criterion, the availabilities of P in soya-bean meal and field peas were approximately 0·17 and 0·38 respectively. Using ash or P concentrations or retentions in the empty body as the response criterion, the availabilities of P in soya-bean meal and field peas were 0·61 and 0·38 respectively. The mean retention values for P from MSP, soya-bean meal and field peas were 0·74, 0·33 and 0·21 respectively. Experiments were then conducted to define the conditions necessary for a slope–ratio assay for P availability with growing rats to determine if they could be used as a model to assess P availability for pigs. These experiments examined level of P in the diet, the effect of Ca:P ratio and criteria for assessing response (growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, bone ash and bone bending moment). The results indicated that a suitable range of dietary P for a slope–ratio assay in rats was 1·8–3·5 g/kg, with Ca: P ratio of between 1·3 and 6·2, and that ash content or bone bending moment of the femur bone were suitable criteria of response. However, using bone bending moment as the criterion of response, the availability of P in soya- bean meal was 0·81, which was considerably higher than the estimate with pigs. Overall the results indicated that the estimates of the availability of P in feeds for pigs were dependent on the criteria used to assess availability and that the value for rats led to an overestimate of the value for pigs.

Keywords

Phosphorus availabilityAssessment criteriaRatsPigs
Type
Phosphorus Availability in Pigs
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , July 1993 , pp. 269 - 288
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultura Bureaux.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S., Andersen, L. M., Saini, H. S. & Baigent, D. R. (1993). Tolerance of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan). Journal of the Science ofFood and Agriculture 61, 211–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvert, C. C., Besecker, R. J., Plumlee, M. P., Cline, T. R. & Forsyth, D. M. (1978). Apparent digestibility of P in barley and corn for growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 47, 420–426.Google Scholar
Cosgrove, D. J. (1980). Inositol Phosphates. Their Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, T. D., Peo, E. R. Jr, Lewis, A. J. & Moser, B. D. (1981). Bone strength as a trait for assessing mineralisation in swine: a critical review of techniques involved. Journal of Animal Science 53, 827 835.Google Scholar
Cromwell, G. L. (1980). Biological availability of phosphorus for pigs. Feedsruffs 52, 38–42.Google Scholar
Cromwell, G. L. (1989). Requirements, biological availability of calcium, phosphorus for swine evaluated. FeedstuffS 60, 16–25.Google Scholar
Cromwell, G. L., Hays, V. W., Scherer, C. W. & Overfield, J. R. (1972). Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on performance and carcass, metacarpal and turbinate characteristics of swine. Journal of Anima1 Science 34, 746–751.Google Scholar
Davies, N. T. & Flett, A. A. (1978). The similarity between alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) activities in rat intestine and their importance in phytate-induced zinc deficiency. British Journal of Nutrition 39, 307–316.Google Scholar
Davies, R. L. (1984). Field peas (Pisum sativum) as a feed for growing and finishing pigs. I. Nutrient levels in commercial crops. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 24, 350–353.Google Scholar
Goto, S. & Sugai, T. (1974). Effect of excess calcium intake on absorption of nitrogen, fat, phosphorus and calcium in adult rats. Nutrition Reports International 11, 49–54.Google Scholar
Henry, Y., Gueguen, L. & Rerat, A. (1979). Influence of the level of dietary phosphorus on the voluntary intake of energy and metabolic utilization of nutrients in the growing rat. British Journal of Nutrition 42, 127–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, M. K. (1970). Colorimetric determination of phosphorus in soil and plant materials with ascorbic acid. Soil Science 109, 214–220.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. M. & Ulrich, A. (1959). Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. California Agricultural Experiment Station Bullerin no. 766, pp. 25 78. California: University of California.Google Scholar
Ketaren, P. P., Batterham, E. S., White, E., Farrell, D. J. & Milthorpe, B. K. (1993). Phosphorus studies in pigs. I. Available phosphorus requirements of grower/finisher pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 249–268.Google Scholar
Koch, M. E. & Mahan, D. C. (1985). Biological characteristics for assessing low phosphorus intake in growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 60, 699–708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, R. J., Reeves, P. G. & Veum, T. L. (1984). Influence of dietary phosphorus and sulphaguanidine levels on P utilization in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 453–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1972). Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Annimals. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1988). Nutrient Requirements of Swine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, T. S. & Kirby, L. K. (1979). Effect of age and diet composition on the hydrolysis of phytate phosphorus by rats. Nutrition Reports International 20, 729–734.Google Scholar
Oser, B. L. (1965). Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.Google Scholar
Pointillart, A., Fourdin, A. & Fontaine, N. (1987). Importance of cereal phytase activity for phytate phosphorus utilisation by growing pigs fed diets containing triticale or corn. Journal of Nutrition 117, 907–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saini, H. S. & Batterham, E. S. (1990). Distribution of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in feeds and tolerances of growing pigs to these inhibitors. In Pig Industry Seminar, pp. 18–22 [Taylor, G. A., editor]. Wollongbar: Media Unit, North Coast Agricultural Institute.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture (1987). Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Pigs. East Melbourne: CSIRO Press.Google Scholar