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Sleep apnoea symptoms and sleepiness associate with future diet quality: a prospective analysis in the Bogalusa Heart Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 September 2024

Kaitlin S. Potts Open the ORCID record for Kaitlin S. Potts [Opens in a new window] ,
Maeve E. Wallace ,
Jeanette Gustat ,
Sylvia H. Ley ,
Lu Qi  and
Lydia A. Bazzano
Kaitlin S. Potts*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders/Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Maeve E. Wallace
Affiliation:
Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Jeanette Gustat
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Sylvia H. Ley
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Lu Qi
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Lydia A. Bazzano*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
*
*Corresponding authors: Kaitlin S. Potts, emails kspotts@bwh.harvard.edu, kstorck@tulane.edu; Lydia A. Bazzano, email lbazzano@tulane.edu
*Corresponding authors: Kaitlin S. Potts, emails kspotts@bwh.harvard.edu, kstorck@tulane.edu; Lydia A. Bazzano, email lbazzano@tulane.edu
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Abstract

Sleep apnoea is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), but it is unknown whether sleep apnoea or its symptoms contribute to increased CMD through an association with diet quality. This study assessed the association between sleep apnoea symptoms on future diet quality in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS). This prospective study included 445 participants who completed a sleep apnoea questionnaire in 2007–2010 and a FFQ in 2013–2016 (mean follow-up: 5·8 years; age 43·5 years; 34 % male; 71 % White/29 % Black persons). Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 and the alternate Mediterranean diet score. Adjusted mean differences in dietary patterns by sleep apnoea risk, excessive snoring and daytime sleepiness were estimated with multivariable linear regression. Models included multi-level socio-economic factors, lifestyle and health characteristics including BMI, physical activity and depressive symptoms. Those with high sleep apnoea risk, compared with low, had lower diet quality 5·8 years later (percentage difference in AHEI (95 % CI −2·1 % (–3·5 %, −0·7 %)). Daytime sleepiness was associated with lower diet quality. After adjusting for dietary pattern scores from 2001 to 2002, having high sleep apnoea risk and excessive sleepiness were associated with 1·5 % (P < 0·05) and 3·1 % (P < 0·001) lower future AHEI scores, respectively. These findings suggest that individuals with sleep apnea or excessive sleepiness should be monitored for diet quality and targeted for dietary interventions to improve CMD risk.

Keywords

Diet qualityDietary patternsSleep apnoeaSleepinessSnoring
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , First View , pp. 1 - 10
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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