Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:35:48.356Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessing abundance and distribution of an invasive thrips Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in south Florida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2011

G. Kakkar ,
D.R. Seal  and
V. Kumar
G. Kakkar*
Affiliation:
Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida (UF), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), 18905, SW 280 Street, Homestead, FL33031, USA
D.R. Seal
Affiliation:
Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida (UF), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), 18905, SW 280 Street, Homestead, FL33031, USA
V. Kumar
Affiliation:
Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida (UF), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), 18905, SW 280 Street, Homestead, FL33031, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: 305-246-7003 E-mail: garimaiari@ufl.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Within-plant and within-field distribution of larvae and adults of an invasive thrips species, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. was studied in 2008 and 2009 in Homestead, Florida. The majority of thrips were found inhabiting flowers of cucumber plants and little or none was found on the other parts of the plant. Thrips were aggregated in the field, as indicated by the two regression models, Taylor's power and Iwao's patchiness regression. Iwao's patchiness regression provided a better fit than Taylor's power law. The distribution was clumped during the initial stages of infestation at the edges of the field and became random thereafter. However, with increase in population density, thrips again formed aggregates in the field. Based on the average pest density per flower in a ∼0.25-ha field, minimum sample size (number of flowers) required at the recommended precision level (0.25) was 51. The number of samples required at two levels of predetermined pest density was also calculated, which would help growers in collecting optimum number of samples required to determine the correct threshold level of pest in fields. Results from seasonal abundance indicated that density of thrips peaked during the fifth week of sampling with an average of 25 and 34 adults per ten flowers during autumn 2008 and 2009, respectively. Results from these studies will help growers and extension personnel in understanding the abundance and distribution of F. schultzei in the field, which are important components required in developing a sound management program.

Keywords

common blossom thripswithin-field distributionTaylor's power lawIwao's patchiness regressionwithin-plant distribution
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 102 , Issue 3 , June 2012 , pp. 249 - 259
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amin, P.W. & Palmer, J.M. (1985) Identification of groundnut Thysanoptera. Tropical Pest Management 31, 268–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arevalo, H.A. & Liburd, O.E. (2007) Horizontal and vertical distribution of flower thrips in southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry plantings, with notes on a new sampling method for thrips inside blueberry flowers. Journal of Economic Entomology 100, 1622–1632.Google Scholar
Chellemi, D.O., Funderburk, J.E. & Hall, D.W. (1994) Seasonal abundance of flower-inhabiting Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on wild plant species. Environmental Entomology 23, 337–342.Google Scholar
Frantz, G. & Fasulo, T.R. (1997) THRIPS: A knowledgebase of Vegetable Thrips: Glades Crop Care. Available online at http://www.gladescropcare.com/GCC_software.html (accessed 17 June 2010).Google Scholar
Funderburk, J., Diffie, S., Sharma, J., Hodges, A. & Osborne, L. (2007) Thrips of Ornamentals in the Southeastern US, Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in754 (accessed 20 June 2010).Google Scholar
Gonzalez, N., Zayas, M. de los A., Cruz, B. & Aviles, R. (2001) Cucumis sativus L., a new host plant of various species of the Thysanoptera Order, in Cuba. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas 27, 117–119.Google Scholar
Hansen, E.A., Funderburk, J.E., Reitz, S.R., Ramachandran, S., Eger, J.E. & McAuslane, H. (2003) Within-plant distribution of Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in field pepper. Environmental Entomology 32, 1035–1044.Google Scholar
Iwao, S. (1968) A new regression model for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations. Researches on Population Ecology 4, 35–46.Google Scholar
Jacobson, R.J. (1997) Integrated pest management (IPM) in glasshouses. pp. 639–666in Lewis, T. (Ed.) Thrips as Crops Pests. Oxon, UK, CAB.Google Scholar
Jones, D.R. (2005) Plant viruses transmitted by thrips. European Journal of Plant Pathology 113, 119–157.Google Scholar
Kendall, D.M. & Capinera, J.L. (1987) Susceptibility of onion growth stages to onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) damage and mechanical defoliation. Environmental Entomology 16, 859–863.Google Scholar
Kirk, W.D.J. (1985) Aggregation and mating of thrips in flowers of Calystegia sepium. Ecological Entomology 10, 433–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leite, G.L.D., Picanco, M., Jham, G.N. & Ecole, C.C. (2002) Effect of leaf characteristics, natural enemies and climatic conditions on the intensities of Myzus persicae and Frankliniella schultzei attacks on Lycopersicon esculentum. Arquivos de Instituto Biologico 69, 71–82.Google Scholar
Lloyd, M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology 36, 1–30.Google Scholar
Milne, J.R., Walter, G.H., Kaonga, D. & Sabio, G.C. (1996) The importance of non-pollen plant parts as food sources for the common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 78, 271–287.Google Scholar
Milne, M., Walter, G.H. & Milne, J.R. (2002) Mating aggregations and mating success in the flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and a Possible Role for Pheromones. Journal of Insect Behavior 3, 351–368.Google Scholar
Monteiro, R.C., Mound, L.A. & Zucchi, R.A. (2001) Espécies de Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) de importância agrícola no Brasil. Neotropical Entomology 1, 65–71.Google Scholar
Morison, G.D. (1957) A review of British glasshouse Thysanoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 109, 467–534.Google Scholar
Morista, M. (1962) Io – index, a measure of dispersion of individuals. Researches on Population Ecology 4, 1–7.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A. (1997) Biological diversity. pp. 197–215in Lewis, T. (Ed.) Thrips as Crop Pests. Oxon, UK, CAB.Google Scholar
Nagata, T. & De Avila, A.C. (2000) Transmission of chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus, a recently discovered tospovirus, by thrips species. Journal of Phytopathology 148, 123–125.Google Scholar
Olson, S.M. & Santos, B. (2010) Vegetable production handbook for Florida. University of Florida–IFAS Extension publication, USA. Available online at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/features/handbooks/vegetableguide.html (accessed 19 February 2011).Google Scholar
Pinent, S.M.J. & Carvalho, S.G. (1998) Biologia de Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) em Tomateiro. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 27, 519–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puche, H., Berger, R.D. & Funderburk, J.E. (1995) Population dynamics of Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) thrips and progress of spotted wilt in tomato fields. Crop Protection 14, 577–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakimura, K. (1969) A comment on the color forms of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in relation to transmission of the tomato-spotted wilt virus. Pacific Insects 11, 761–762.Google Scholar
Salguero-Navas, V.E., Funderburk, J.E., Beshear, R.J., Olson, S.M. & Mack, T.E. (1991) Seasonal patterns of Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in tomato flowers. Journal of Economic Entomology 84, 1818–1822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute, Inc. (2003) SAS® System for Windows, version 9.1. Cary, NC, USA, SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Seal, D.R. & Baranowski, R.M. (1992) Effectiveness of different insecticides for the control of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceeding of Florida State Horticulture Society 105, 315–319.Google Scholar
Seal, D.R., Ciomperlik, M.A., Richards, M.L. & Klassen, W. (2006) Distribution of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in pepper fields and pepper plants on St. Vincent. Florida Entomologist 89, 311–320.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) Ecological Methods. 2nd edn. London, UK, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature 189, 732–735.Google Scholar
Terry, L.I. (1995) Competition in western flower thrips males: Effects of density on behavior. pp. 433–438in Parker, B.L., Skinner, M. & Lewis, T. (Ed.), Thrips Biology and Management, NATO ASI Series, vol. 276. New York, USA, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Terry, L.I. & Dyreson, E. (1996) Behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) within aggregations, and morphometric correlates of fighting. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89, 589–602.Google Scholar
Vierbergen, G. & Mantel, W.P. (1991) Contribution to the knowledge of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Entomologische Berichten 51, 7–12.Google Scholar
Weisz, R., Fleischer, S. & Smilowitz, Z. (1996) Site-specific integrated pest management for high-value crops: impact on potato pest management. Journal of Economic Entomology 89, 501–509.Google Scholar