Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T18:17:42.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of delayed mating on the reproductive biology of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2017

A. Lentini ,
A. Mura ,
E. Muscas ,
M.T. Nuvoli  and
A. Cocco
A. Lentini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
A. Mura
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
E. Muscas
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
M.T. Nuvoli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
A. Cocco*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
*
*Author for correspondence: Tel: +39 079229245 Fax: +39 079212490 E-mail: acocco@uniss.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of increasing mating delay on the reproductive performance and population growth rates of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was investigated under laboratory conditions. Virgin females were mated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence and reproductive and life table parameters were estimated. The pre-oviposition period (number of days between mating and the onset of oviposition) significantly decreased in females mated within 7 days, whereas females mated at older ages showed equivalent pre-oviposition periods (<4 days). The length of the oviposition period did not vary with increasing age at mating. Female longevity significantly increased in females mated at 21 and 28 days, as a consequence of a longer pre-reproductive period. Fecundity and sex ratio were not affected by the female age at mating, whereas fertility was higher in mealybugs mated at older ages. Additional field observations highlighted that young and old virgin females were equally able to attract males, as both mated on the same day as the field release. Mating delay also affected the life table parameters of P. ficus, as the intrinsic and finite rates of increase did not differ in mealybugs mated within 7 days and significantly decreased in females mated at older ages. The mean generation time and the population doubling time were overall similar in females mated at 1–7 days, and increased significantly in females that experienced longer mating delays. In terms of the mating disruption control of P. ficus, our findings indicate that this method would be effective if mating is delayed >7 days, as shorter delays in mating did not reduce the population growth rates.

Keywords

mating delayfecundityfertilitylife historypopulation growth parametersmating disruption
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 263 - 270
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmed, N.H. & Abd-Rabou, S.M. (2010) Host plants, geographical distribution, natural enemies and biological studies of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Science 3, 39–47.Google Scholar
Baker, T.C. & Heath, J.J. (2005) Pheromones – function and use in insect control. vol. 6, pp. 407–460 in Gilbert, L.I., Iatro, K. & Gill, S.S. (Eds) Molecular Insect Science. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Barclay, H.J. & Judd, G.J.R. (1995) Models for mating disruption by means of pheromone for insect pest control. Researches on Population Ecology 37, 239–247.Google Scholar
Bari, M.N., Jahan, M. & Islam, K.S. (2015) Effects of temperature on the life table parameters of Trichogramma zahiri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of Dicladispa armigera (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Environmental Entomology 44, 368–378.Google Scholar
Bartell, R.J. (1982) Mechanism of communication disruption by pheromone in the control of Lepidoptera: a review. Physiological Entomology 7, 353–364.Google Scholar
Bloch Qazi, M.C., Heifetz, Y. & Wolfner, M.F. (2003) The developments between gametogenesis and fertilization: ovulation and female sperm storage in Drosophila melanogaster . Developmental Biology 256, 195–211.Google Scholar
Cardé, R.T. & Minks, A.K. (1995) Control of moth pests by mating disruption: successes and constraints. Annual Review of Entomology 40, 559–585.Google Scholar
Carey, J.R. (1993) Applied Demography for Biologists with Special Emphasis on Insects. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cocco, A., Lentini, A. & Serra, G. (2014) Mating disruption of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in vineyards using reservoir pheromone dispensers. Journal of Insect Science 14, 144.Google Scholar
Cocco, A., Marras, M.P., Muscas, E., Mura, A. & Lentini, A. (2015) Variation of life-history parameters of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in response to grapevine nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Applied Entomology 139, 519–528.Google Scholar
Cocco, A., Mura, A., Muscas, E. & Lentini, A. (2017) Comparative development and reproduction of Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grapevine under field conditions. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, in press. doi: 10.1111/afe.12234.Google Scholar
Daane, K.M., Almeida, R.P.P., Bell, V.A., Walker, J.T.S., Botton, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Mani, M., Miano, J.L., Sforza, R., Walton, V.M. & Zaviezo, T. (2012) Biology and management of mealybugs in vineyards. pp. 271–307 in Bostanian, N.J., Vincent, C. & Isaacs, R. (Eds) Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions. Dordrecht, Springer.Google Scholar
da Silva, R.R., de Morais Oliveira, J.E., Silva, L.B., da Silva, J.G., de Souza, I.D. & Oliveira, A.C. (2014) Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) on grapevine: do presence of the male influences reproduction? Journal of Entomology 11, 330–337.Google Scholar
Demontis, M.A., Ortu, S., Cocco, A., Lentini, A. & Migheli, Q. (2007) Diagnostic markers for Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso) by random amplification polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction and species-specific mitochondrial DNA primers. Journal of Applied Entomology 131, 59–64.Google Scholar
Duso, C. (1989) Indagini bioetologiche su Planococcus ficus (Sign.) nel Veneto. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri 46, 3–20.Google Scholar
Fadamiro, H.Y. & Baker, T.C. (1999) Reproductive performance and longevity of female European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis: effects of multiple mating, delay in mating, and adult feeding. Journal of Insect Physiology 45, 385–392.Google Scholar
Fadamiro, H.Y., Cossé, A.A. & Baker, T.C. (1999) Mating disruption by European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, by using two types of sex pheromone dispensers deployed in grassy aggregation sites in Iowa cornfields. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 2, 121–132.Google Scholar
Francis, A.W., Kairo, M.T. & Roda, A.L. (2012) Developmental and reproductive biology of Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under constant temperatures. Florida Entomologist 95, 297–303.Google Scholar
Gilbert, N. & Raworth, D.A. (1996) Forum: insects and temperature – a general theory. Canadian Entomologist 128, 1–13.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Luna, M. & La Rossa, F.R. (2016) Parámetros biológicos y poblacionales de Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) sobre dos cultivares de Vitis vinifera . Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 75, 45–54.Google Scholar
Hinkens, D.M., McElfresh, J.S. & Millar, J.G. (2001) Identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus . Tetrahedron Letters 42, 1619–1621.Google Scholar
Huang, F., Zhang, J.M., Zhang, P.J. & Lu, Y.B. (2013) Reproduction of the solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: Males play an important role. Journal of Insect Science 13, 137.Google Scholar
Jiao, X., Xuan, W. & Sheng, C. (2006) Effects of delayed mating and male mating history on longevity and reproductive performance of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lep., Pyralidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 130, 108–112.Google Scholar
Jones, V.P. & Aihara-Sasaki, M. (2001) Demographic analysis of delayed mating in mating disruption: a case study with Cryptophlebia illepida (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 785–792.Google Scholar
Lentini, A., Serra, G., Ortu, S. & Delrio, G. (2008) Seasonal abundance and distribution of Planococcus ficus on grape vine in Sardinia. IOBC/wprs Bulletin 36, 267–272.Google Scholar
Maia, H.N.M., Luiz, A.J. & Campanhola, C. (2000) Statistical inference on associated fertility life table parameters using jackknife technique: computational aspects. Journal of Economic Entomology 93, 511–518.Google Scholar
Mansour, R., Grissa Lebdi, K., La Torre, I., Zappalà, L. & Russo, A. (2009) Preliminary study on mealybugs in two vineyards of the Cap-Bon Region (Tunisia). Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 4, 185–196.Google Scholar
Margolies, D.C. & Wrensch, D.L. (1996) Temperature-induced changes in spider mite fitness: offsetting effects of development time, fecundity, and sex ratio. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 78, 111–118.Google Scholar
Meyer, J.S., Ingersoll, C.G., McDonald, L.L. & Boyce, M.S. (1986) Estimating uncertainty in population growth rates: Jackknife vs. Bootstrap techniques. Ecology 67, 1156–1166.Google Scholar
Millar, J.G., Daane, K.M., McElfresh, J.S., Moreira, J.A., Malakar-Kuenen, R., Guillén, M. & Bentley, W.J. (2002) Development and optimization of methods for using sex pheromone for monitoring the mealybug Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in California vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology 95, 706–714.Google Scholar
Morandi Filho, W.J., Grützmacher, A.D., Botton, M. & Bertin, A. (2008) Biologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade de Planococcus citri em diferentes estruturas vegetativas de cultivares de videira. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43, 941–947.Google Scholar
Mori, B.A. & Evenden, M.L. (2013) When mating disruption does not disrupt mating: fitness consequences of delayed mating in moths. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 146, 50–65.Google Scholar
Muscas, E., Cocco, A., Mercenaro, L., Cabras, M., Lentini, A., Porqueddu, C. & Nieddu, G. (2017) Effects of vineyard floor cover crops on grapevine vigor, yield, and fruit quality, and the development of the vine mealybug under a Mediterranean climate. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 237, 203–212.Google Scholar
Nelson-Rees, W.A. (1961) Modification of the ovary of the mealy bug Planococcus citri (Risso), due to aging. Journal of Experimental Zoology 146, 85–111.Google Scholar
Proshold, F.I. (1996) Reproductive capacity of laboratory-reared gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): effect of age of female at time of mating. Journal of Economic Entomology 89, 337–342.Google Scholar
Rencken, I.C. & Pringle, K.L. (1998) Developmental biology of Amblyseiius californicus (Mc Gregor) (Acarina: Pheitoseiideae), a predator of tetranychid mites at three temperatures. African Entomology 6, 41–45.Google Scholar
Ross, L., Langenhof, M.B., Pen, I., Beukeboom, L.W., West, S.A. & Shuker, D.M. (2010) Sex allocation in a species with paternal genome elimination: the roles of crowding and female age in the mealybug Planococcus citri . Evolutionary Ecology Research 12, 89–104.Google Scholar
Ross, L., Dealey, E.J., Beukeboom, L.W. & Shuker, D.M. (2011) Temperature, age of mating and starvation determine the role of maternal effects on sex allocation in the mealybug Planococcus citri . Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, 909–919.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (2008) SAS/ETS® 9.2 User's Guide. Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Sharon, R., Zahavi, T., Sokolsky, T., Sofer-Arad, C., Tomer, M., Kedoshim, R. & Harari, A.R. (2016) Mating disruption method against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus: effect of sequential treatments on infested vines. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 161, 65–69.Google Scholar
Torres-Vila, L.M., Rodriguez-Molina, M.C. & Stockel, J. (2002). Delayed mating reduces reproductive output of female European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, 241–249.Google Scholar
Varikou, K., Birouraki, A., Bagis, N. & Kontodimas, D.C. (2010) Effect of temperature on the development and longevity of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103, 943–948.Google Scholar
Vickers, R.A. (1997) Effect of delayed mating on oviposition pattern, fecundity and fertility in codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 36, 179–182.Google Scholar
Walker, P.W. & Allen, G.R. (2010) Mating frequency and reproductive success in an income breeding moth, Mnesampela privata . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 136, 290–300.Google Scholar
Walker, P.W. & Allen, G.R. (2011) Delayed mating and reproduction in the autumn gum moth Mnesampela privata . Agricultural and Forest Entomology 13, 341–347.Google Scholar
Walton, V.M. & Pringle, K.L. (2004) Vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a key pest in South African vineyards. A review. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 25, 54–62.Google Scholar
Walton, V.M. & Pringle, K.L. (2005) Developmental biology of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and its parasitoid Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). African Entomology 13, 143–147.Google Scholar
Walton, V.M., Daane, K.M. & Pringle, K.L. (2004) Monitoring Planococcus ficus in South African vineyards with sex pheromone-baited traps. Crop Protection 23, 1089–1096.Google Scholar
Walton, V.M., Daane, K.M., Walter, J., Bentley, W.J., Millar, J.G., Larsen, T.E. & Malakar-Kuenen, R. (2006) Pheromone-based mating disruption of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in California vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology 99, 1280–1290.Google Scholar
Waterworth, R.A., Wright, I.M. & Millar, J.G. (2011) Reproductive biology of three cosmopolitan mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus viburni, and Planococcus ficus . Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104, 249–260.Google Scholar
Wenninger, E.J. & Averill, A.L. (2006) Effects of delayed mating on reproductive output of female oriental beetle Anomala orientalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology 8, 221–231.Google Scholar