No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The Seventh Dalai Lama's residence in Kham: Gartar Monastery interactions with indigenous chiefs and the Qing court
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2024
Abstract
The Seventh Dalai Lama's residence at Gartar Monastery, which began in 1730, greatly affected the relationship between the Kham region and the Tibetan government as well as the Qing court's control over Kham. The Dalai Lama's interactions with various indigenous leaders, local monasteries, monks and lay people increased the influence of the Geluk school in Kham, and also inspired their support for the Dalai Lama. Measures adopted by the Qing court to protect the Dalai Lama, such as stationing troops and inspecting checkpoints, also strengthened Qing control of Kham. After the Dalai Lama left for Tibet in 1735, Gartar Monastery continued to serve as a religious and cultural centre of northern Kham, with the purpose of “civilizing” and “enlightening” the neighbouring regions that were far away from the political centre. Successive abbots of Gartar Monastery – right up to 1920 – came from Drepung Monastery in Lhasa; they and the Gartar monks influenced, interfered with and controlled the local affairs of Gartar and other regions in Kham. In particular, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Gartar Monastery, together with the Tibetan commissioner in Nyarong, was able to assist in the Tibetan government's efforts to extend its sphere of influence in Kham.
- Type
- Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of SOAS University of London
References
Bibliography
Anon. 1977. ‘Rgyal dbang thams cad mkhyen pa bskal bzang rgya mtsho'i rnam thar’ [Biography of omniscient Gyelwang Kelzang Gyatso], in ’Phags pa ’jig rten dbang phyug gi rnam sprul rim byon gyi ’khrungs rabs deb ther nor bu'i ’phreng ba [Life Stories of Successive Emanations of the Holy Lord of the World (the Dalai lamas)]. Dharamsala: Sku sger yig tshang. Available from https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W22095 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Bod ljongs yig tshags khang dang krung go'i bod kyi shes rig zhib ’jug lte gnas. 1997. “Ho sho'u kheng zi ching wang gis Mgar thar dgon sder bsnyen bkur bkag cha mi chog pa'i bka’ rgya” (The proclamation forbidding to obstruct providing services to the Gartar monastery issued by Prince hosho kengse [i.e. Prince Guo])], in Bod kyi yig tshags phyogs bsgrigs (The Collected Archival Documents of Tibet), 486. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Bod ljongs yig tshags khang dang krung go'i bod kyi shes rig zhib ’jug lte gnas. 1997. “Ta la'i bla ma sku phreng bdun pas gong ma'i bka’ phebs pa bzhin Lha sar log rjes tha'i ning dgon par zhabs brtan zhu mi ’jog dgos skor gong mar phul ba'i snyan zhu” (The petition concerning the need to have people stationed to provide services to the Tha'ining Monastery [Gartar Monastery] after his leaving for Lhasa per the imperial order submitted to the emperor by the Seventh Dalai Lama), in Bod kyi yig tshags phyogs bsgrigs (The Collected Archival Documents of Tibet), 486–7. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Cao, Lunbin 曹掄彬. 1969. Yazhoufu zhi 雅州府志 (Gazetteer of Yazhou Prefecture), vol. 3 and “Tusi” 土司 (Indigenous Leaders), 11: 289–97. Taibei: Chengwen chubanshe.Google Scholar
Changkya, Rölpé Dorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa'i rdo rje). 2010. Rgyal dbang sku phreng rim byon gyi mdzad rnam: Sku phreng bdun pa Blo bzang bskal bzang rgya mtsho'i rnam thar (Biographies of the Successive Dalai Lamas: The Biography of the Seventh Dalai Lama Lobzang Kelzang Gyatso), vol. 9, parts 1–2. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi rig pa dpe skrun khang. (Reprint of Lhasa: Dga’ ldan pho brang, [n.d.]) https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W2CZ7841 [Accessed 31 January 2024].)Google Scholar
Changkya, Rölpé Dorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa'i rdo rje). 2015.“Dge ldan khri rin po che A chi thu no min han Ngag dbang mchog ldan gyi rnam thar mkha’ spyod ’grub pa'i gtam snyan lha'i rnga bo chen (The biography of the Ganden Tri rinpoché Achitu nominhan Ngawang Chokden), in Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje'i gsung ’bum (The Collected Works of Changkya Rölpé Dorjé), 2: 1–86. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Chen, Denglong 陳登龍. 1957. Litang zhilue理塘誌略 (A Brief Account of Litang), in Quanguo renmin daibiao dahui minzu weiyuanhui bangongshi (全國人民代表大會民族委員會辦公室, (ed.) Ganzi zangqu shehui diaocha ziliao huiji 甘孜藏區社會調查資料匯輯 (A Collection of Social Investigation Materials Concerning Kardzé Tibetan Regions). Mimeograph edition.Google Scholar
Tsering Wangyel, Dokhar Zhapdrung (Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung Tshe ring dbang rgyal). 2002. Mi dbang rtogs brjod (Biography of the Lord [Polhané]). Chengdu: Si khron mig rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Gu, Zucheng 顧祖成 (ed.). 1982. Qing shilu zangzu shiliao 清實錄藏族史料 (Historical Materials on Tibet in the Qing Veritable Records), vols. 1–10. Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jampa, Tubten (Byams pa thub bstan). “Dga’ khri nga bzhi pa Ser byes Byang rtse Ngag dbang mchog ldan” (The Fifty-Fourth Ganden Throne Holder [tripa] Serjé Jangtsé Ngawang Chokden). 1991. Se ra theg chen gling gi chos ’byung rab gsal nor bu'i me long (History of the Monastic University Sera Tekchenling), 376–79. Gottingen: Champa Thupten Zontse. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W00KG04060 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Jarikpa Lobzang, Namgyel (Bya rigs pa Blo bzang rnam rgyal). “Khri thog nga bzhi pa Ngag dbang mchog ldan” (The fifty-fourth [Ganden] Tripa Ngawang Chokden). 2008. Dga’ ldan khri pa rim byon gyi mdzad rnam mdor bsdus (Brief Biographies of the Successive Ganden Tripas), 85–8. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Jetsün, Jampa Chödrak. 1994. Cham mdo byams pa gling gi gdan rabs (Successive Abbots of Chamdo Jampaling). Chamdo: Chab mdo par 'debs bzo grwa par btab.Google Scholar
Mao, Zhenxuan 毛振翧. [1897]. “Mao Zhenxuan xizheng ji” 毛振翧西征記 (An account of the western expedition by Mao Zhenxuan), in “Xizang wenyi kao” 西藏文藝考(An Investigation into the Art and Literature of Central Tibet), part 2 of Huang Peiqiao 黄沛翹, Xizang tukao 西藏圖考 (Illustrated Investigation into Central Tibet), vol. 8. Unidentified publisher, guangxu ding you 光緒丁酉. Cited in Song Yun 松筠 (1752–1835) with Feng Shike 馮時可, Elehebu 額勒和布. 1982. Xizhao tulue Xizang tukao 西招圖略西藏圖考 (Concise Illustration of Tibet: An Illustrated Book of Tibet). Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ngawang, Chenrap. 1992. Mu li chos ’byung [History of Buddhism in Muli]. Chengdu: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Qi, Yunshi 祁韻士 (1751–1815). 1884 (1846). Huangchao fanbu yaolue 皇朝藩部要略 (Biographies of Mongolian and Muslim Princes and Nobles), 17: 13. Unknown city: Yun lu shan fang. Cited in Huangchao fanbu yaolue. 1993. Xizang xue hanwen wenxian huike 西藏學漢文文獻匯刻 (Selected Chinese Literature of Tibetan studies), 3: 259. Beijing: Quanguo tushuguan wenxian suowei fuzhi zhongxin.Google Scholar
Qing shizong shilu 清世宗實錄 (Veritable Records of the Qing emperor Shizong). 1985. Vol. 110. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Rinchen, Gyatso (Rin chen rgya mtsho). n.d. Brag g⋅yab che tshang blo bzang rnam rgyal gyi rnam thar [The Biography of Drayap Chetsang Lobzang Namgyel], vol. 1, https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W00KG03151 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Sha'anxi zongdu zoubao Gada tianbo guanbing fenshe xunfang zhe” 陜西總督奏報噶達添撥官兵分設汛防折 (Sha'anxi governor-general's memorial about allocating additional officers and soldiers and setting up patrolling and defense units) (dated the twenty-second day of the fifth month of the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign). 1979. In Taibei gugong bowuyuan (ed.), Gongzhong dang yongzheng chao zouzhe 宮中檔雍正朝奏折 (Memorials of the Yongzheng Reign in the Palace Museum Archives), 13: 223–6. Taibei: Guoli gugong bowuyuan 臺北故宮博物院.Google Scholar
Thu'ukwan, Chökyi Nyima (Thu'u bkwan Chos kyi nyi ma). 1989. Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje'i rnam thar (Biography of Changkya Rölpé Dorjé). Lanzhou: Kan su'u mi rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Tsewang, Dorjé Rikdzin (Tshe dbang rdo rje rig ’dzin). 1994. Dpal sa skyong Sde dge chos kyi rgyal po rim byon gyi rnam thar dge legs nor bu'i phreng ba ’dod dgu rab ’phel [Biographies of the Successive Dergé dharma Kings). Bir, Distt. Kangra, H.P.: D. Tsondu Senghe Yorey Tsang (bdrc-W4CZ302230).Google Scholar
Wei, Yuan 魏源. Shengwu ji 聖武記 (An Account of the Military History), vol. 17; the edition stored at Guweitang, 27. Cited in Zhang Husheng 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si” 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
“Xikang tequ zhengwu weiyuanhui huibao geshu lama simiao diaochabiao” 西康特區政務委員會匯報各屬喇嘛寺廟調查表 (Investigation and chart of various monasteries under its jurisdiction reported by the Xikang Special Regional Government Affairs Committee). 1990. In Jindai Kangqu dang'an ziliao xuanbian 近代康區檔案資料選編 (Selected Historical Materials of the Major Events in Modern Kham), 324–30. Chengdu: Sichuan daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xizang zhi. Weizang tongzhi 西藏誌衛藏通誌 (The History of Tibet – The General History of Ü-Tsang). 1982. Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yangchen Nyepé, Langtso (Dbyangs can snyems pa'i lang tsho). 1983. Hor chos rgyal sku phreng gong ma rnams kyi rnam thar mdor bsdus ’dzam bu'i gser gyi snye ma [Brief Biographies of Previous Hör Chöjés]. Delhi: Tibet House. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W22125 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Yun, Li 允禮. 1985. “Xizang wangfan riji” 西藏往返日記 (Diary of my round trip to Central Tibet), in Fengpei, Wu 吳豐培 (ed.), Chuanzang youzong huibian 川藏遊蹤匯編 (The Collection of Whereabouts of Travelers in Sichuan and Central Tibet), 81–99. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yuan shi 元史 (Yuan History), Shizu 3 世祖三, vol. 6. Cited in Zhang Yun 張雲. 1994. “Yuandai tubo denglu xuanweisi shidi kaozheng” 元代吐蕃等路宣慰司史地考證 (Textual study of the history and geography of the Pacification Office of Tubo and other lu (prefects)], Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethnic Studies) 6, 86–94.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zoubao yu Taining jianzao Dalai Lama yizhu miaoyu donggong riqi ji liaogu yinliang zhe” 嶽鐘琪奏報於泰寧建造達賴喇嘛移駐廟宇動工日期及料估銀兩折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial reporting the date to start the construction of the monastery in Gartar where the Dalai Lama would reside and the estimation of the amount of silver taels needed for purchasing materials dated on the eighteenth day of the fourth month of the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 1–7: 438. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zoufu yuchou yu Taining difang xiujian miaoyu bei dalai lama yizhu zhe” 嶽鐘琪奏復預籌於泰寧地方修建廟宇備達賴喇嘛移駐折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial in reply to the memorial about planning to build the monastery in the Gartar Area to prepare a residence for the Dalai Lama dated on the fourth day of the tenth month of the sixth year of the Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 1–7: 431. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zunzhi zouchen nizai Chamuduo dengchu shebing yingyuan shi zhe”嶽鐘琪遵旨奏陳擬在察木多等處設兵應援事折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial about the plan to station troops in Chamdo and other places to provide support upon the imperial order dated on the thirtieth day of the twelfth month of the fourth year of the Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 375. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yuzhi Huiyuan miao bei” 禦制惠遠廟碑 (The Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made per the Emperor's order). 1998. Cited in Daofu xianzhi 道孚縣誌 (Gazetteer of Tawu), 573. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Zi Sichuan zongdu chengsong fagei Huiyuan si xianpai yinzhao you” 咨四川總督呈送發給惠遠寺憲牌印照清冊由 (The official communication to the governor-general of Sichuan concerning reasons for issuing the official notice and license to Huiyuan [Gartar] Monastery). 1961. In Daofu xian tuzhi 道孚縣圖誌 (Illustrated History of Tawu), 19. Beijing: Minzu wenhuagong tushuguan.Google Scholar
Zha, Qian 查騫. 1990 “Taining si yibian shimo” 泰寧寺夷變始末 (The whole story of the turmoil at Taining [Gartar] Monastery), in Jindai Kangzang zhongda shijian shiliao xuanbian 近代康藏重大事件史料選編 (Selected Historical Materials of the Major Events in Modern Kham), 201–05. Chengdu: Sichuan daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“B'aH gnas dgon pa'i lo rgyus” [History of Bané Monastery]. 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: Buddhism), 3: 22–3. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Deng, Ruiling and Feng, Zhi (eds) 鄧銳齡,馮智編. 2015. Xizang tongshi (Qingdai juan) 西藏通誌(清代卷) (A General History of Central Tibet [Qing Period]). Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Dga’ ldan thub chen chos ’khor gling gi lo rgyus” (History of Ganden Tupchen Chökhorling [Litang monastery]). 1995. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 2–28. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Drölma, Chömtso (Sgrol ma chos mtsho). 2012. Chos sde chen mo Mgar thar byams pa gling gi lo rgyus (History of the Great Monastery Gartar Jampaling). Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W1AC446 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Ganzi zhouzhi bianzuan weiyuanhui, 甘孜州誌編纂委員會 (ed.). 1997. Ganzi zhouzhi 甘孜州誌 (History of Kardzé [Ganzi] Prefecture), vols. 1–3. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Huang, Quanyi 黃全毅. 2013. “Ganzi mingren: qishi Dalai lama Gesang Jiacuo” 甘孜名人: 七世达赖喇嘛格桑嘉措 (The celebrity of Kardzé [Ganzi]): the seventh Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso], Sichuan minzu xueyuan xuebao 四川民族學院學報 (Journal of Sichuan University for Nationalities) 3, 1–6.Google Scholar
Jiang, Lianfu 姜連富. 1991. “Taining xie shimo” 泰寧協始末 (The whole story of the Gartar regiment), in Daofu xian wenshi ziliao xuanji 道孚縣文史資料選輯 (Selected Cultural and Historical Materials of Tawu [Daofu] County), 3: 27–30. Xianshui zhen: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi Sichuan sheng Daofu xian weiyuanhui wenshi ziliao weiyuanhui.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Matthew. 2013. “The Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelzang Gyatso”, in the Treasury of Lives. Available at https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/biography/3107 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Lha mo rtse dgon gyi lo rgyus” (History of the Lhamotsé [Ch. Nanwu si] monastery). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 3: 48–9. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Liu, Shengqi 柳陞祺. 2004. “Yiqi erqi zhi yiqi erba nian Weizang zhanzheng qianhou qing zhongyang de zhizang fangce” 1727–1728 年衛藏戰爭前後清中央的治藏方策 (The Qing central government's strategy for governing Tibet during the war between Ü and Tsang in 1727–1728), Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethno-National Studies) 1: 92–101.Google Scholar
“Mgar thar byams pa gling gi lo rgyus” (History of Gartar Jampaling). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 626–31. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Mi nyag ’ge kha dgon pa'i lo rgyus” (History of the Gekha [Ch. Guwa si] Monastery in Minyak). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 3: 67–83. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Naoto, Kato. 1993. “Lobsang Danjin's Rebellion of 1723: With a focus on the eve of the rebellion”, Acta Asiatica 63, 50–80.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano. 1972. China and Tibet in the Early Eighteenth Century. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Sangji, Bamu and Shan, Kun 桑吉巴姆,昆山. 2002. “Qianning Huiyuan si” 乾寧惠遠寺 (The Gartar monastery in Gartar), in Ganzi zhou wenshi ziliao 甘孜州文史資料 (The Cultural and Historical Materials of Kardze Prefecture), vol. 19.Google Scholar
Sichuan sheng Daofu Xianzhi bianzuan weiyuanhui 四川省道孚縣誌編纂委員會. 1998. Daofu xianzi 道孚縣誌 (Gazetteer of Daofu [Tawu] County). Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Sku nub dgon gyi lo rgyus” (History of the Kunup [Ch. Gunu si or Gulu si]). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 586–91. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Wang, Chuan 王川. 2006. “Liu Wenhui yu xikang diqu zangchuan fojiao jie guanxi lunshu” 劉文輝與西康地區藏傳佛教界關系述論 (An account of Liu Wenhui and his relationship with the Tibetan Buddhist circle in Xikang), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 78–84.Google Scholar
Wang, Lina and Jinchun, Zhu 王麗娜,朱金春. 2019. Qishi Dalai yizhu Huiyuan si ji qingchao dui Kangqu kongzhi de jiaqiang 七世達賴移駐惠遠寺及清朝對康區控制的加強 (The Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery and the Qing Dynasty's strengthening its control over the Kham region), Xibei minzu Luncong 西北民族论丛 (Northwest Ethnology Series) 20, 167–81.Google Scholar
Xing, Quancheng 星全成. 2005. “‘Weizang zhanzheng’ yu qishi dalai qianju kangqu” “衛藏戰爭”與七世達賴遷居康區 (The war between Ü and Tsang and the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in the Kham region), Qinghai minzu xueyuan xuebao 青海民族學院學報 (Journal of Qinghai Nationalities Institute) 4, 13–16.Google Scholar
Zangzu xueshu taolunhui lunwenji 藏族學術討論會論文集 (Proceedings of the Tibetan Symposium). 1984. Lhasa: Xizang remin chubansh. Cited in ZhangGoogle Scholar
Husheng, 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si” 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
Zhang, Husheng 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yun 張雲. 1994.“Yuandai tubo denglu xuanweisi shidi kaozheng” (Textual study of the history and geography of the Pacification Office of Tubo and other lu [Prefects]) 元代吐蕃等路宣慰司史地考證, Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethnic Studies) 6, 86–94.Google Scholar
Anon. 1977. ‘Rgyal dbang thams cad mkhyen pa bskal bzang rgya mtsho'i rnam thar’ [Biography of omniscient Gyelwang Kelzang Gyatso], in ’Phags pa ’jig rten dbang phyug gi rnam sprul rim byon gyi ’khrungs rabs deb ther nor bu'i ’phreng ba [Life Stories of Successive Emanations of the Holy Lord of the World (the Dalai lamas)]. Dharamsala: Sku sger yig tshang. Available from https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W22095 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Bod ljongs yig tshags khang dang krung go'i bod kyi shes rig zhib ’jug lte gnas. 1997. “Ho sho'u kheng zi ching wang gis Mgar thar dgon sder bsnyen bkur bkag cha mi chog pa'i bka’ rgya” (The proclamation forbidding to obstruct providing services to the Gartar monastery issued by Prince hosho kengse [i.e. Prince Guo])], in Bod kyi yig tshags phyogs bsgrigs (The Collected Archival Documents of Tibet), 486. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Bod ljongs yig tshags khang dang krung go'i bod kyi shes rig zhib ’jug lte gnas. 1997. “Ta la'i bla ma sku phreng bdun pas gong ma'i bka’ phebs pa bzhin Lha sar log rjes tha'i ning dgon par zhabs brtan zhu mi ’jog dgos skor gong mar phul ba'i snyan zhu” (The petition concerning the need to have people stationed to provide services to the Tha'ining Monastery [Gartar Monastery] after his leaving for Lhasa per the imperial order submitted to the emperor by the Seventh Dalai Lama), in Bod kyi yig tshags phyogs bsgrigs (The Collected Archival Documents of Tibet), 486–7. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Cao, Lunbin 曹掄彬. 1969. Yazhoufu zhi 雅州府志 (Gazetteer of Yazhou Prefecture), vol. 3 and “Tusi” 土司 (Indigenous Leaders), 11: 289–97. Taibei: Chengwen chubanshe.Google Scholar
Changkya, Rölpé Dorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa'i rdo rje). 2010. Rgyal dbang sku phreng rim byon gyi mdzad rnam: Sku phreng bdun pa Blo bzang bskal bzang rgya mtsho'i rnam thar (Biographies of the Successive Dalai Lamas: The Biography of the Seventh Dalai Lama Lobzang Kelzang Gyatso), vol. 9, parts 1–2. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi rig pa dpe skrun khang. (Reprint of Lhasa: Dga’ ldan pho brang, [n.d.]) https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W2CZ7841 [Accessed 31 January 2024].)Google Scholar
Changkya, Rölpé Dorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa'i rdo rje). 2015.“Dge ldan khri rin po che A chi thu no min han Ngag dbang mchog ldan gyi rnam thar mkha’ spyod ’grub pa'i gtam snyan lha'i rnga bo chen (The biography of the Ganden Tri rinpoché Achitu nominhan Ngawang Chokden), in Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje'i gsung ’bum (The Collected Works of Changkya Rölpé Dorjé), 2: 1–86. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Chen, Denglong 陳登龍. 1957. Litang zhilue理塘誌略 (A Brief Account of Litang), in Quanguo renmin daibiao dahui minzu weiyuanhui bangongshi (全國人民代表大會民族委員會辦公室, (ed.) Ganzi zangqu shehui diaocha ziliao huiji 甘孜藏區社會調查資料匯輯 (A Collection of Social Investigation Materials Concerning Kardzé Tibetan Regions). Mimeograph edition.Google Scholar
Tsering Wangyel, Dokhar Zhapdrung (Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung Tshe ring dbang rgyal). 2002. Mi dbang rtogs brjod (Biography of the Lord [Polhané]). Chengdu: Si khron mig rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Gu, Zucheng 顧祖成 (ed.). 1982. Qing shilu zangzu shiliao 清實錄藏族史料 (Historical Materials on Tibet in the Qing Veritable Records), vols. 1–10. Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jampa, Tubten (Byams pa thub bstan). “Dga’ khri nga bzhi pa Ser byes Byang rtse Ngag dbang mchog ldan” (The Fifty-Fourth Ganden Throne Holder [tripa] Serjé Jangtsé Ngawang Chokden). 1991. Se ra theg chen gling gi chos ’byung rab gsal nor bu'i me long (History of the Monastic University Sera Tekchenling), 376–79. Gottingen: Champa Thupten Zontse. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W00KG04060 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Jarikpa Lobzang, Namgyel (Bya rigs pa Blo bzang rnam rgyal). “Khri thog nga bzhi pa Ngag dbang mchog ldan” (The fifty-fourth [Ganden] Tripa Ngawang Chokden). 2008. Dga’ ldan khri pa rim byon gyi mdzad rnam mdor bsdus (Brief Biographies of the Successive Ganden Tripas), 85–8. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Jetsün, Jampa Chödrak. 1994. Cham mdo byams pa gling gi gdan rabs (Successive Abbots of Chamdo Jampaling). Chamdo: Chab mdo par 'debs bzo grwa par btab.Google Scholar
Mao, Zhenxuan 毛振翧. [1897]. “Mao Zhenxuan xizheng ji” 毛振翧西征記 (An account of the western expedition by Mao Zhenxuan), in “Xizang wenyi kao” 西藏文藝考(An Investigation into the Art and Literature of Central Tibet), part 2 of Huang Peiqiao 黄沛翹, Xizang tukao 西藏圖考 (Illustrated Investigation into Central Tibet), vol. 8. Unidentified publisher, guangxu ding you 光緒丁酉. Cited in Song Yun 松筠 (1752–1835) with Feng Shike 馮時可, Elehebu 額勒和布. 1982. Xizhao tulue Xizang tukao 西招圖略西藏圖考 (Concise Illustration of Tibet: An Illustrated Book of Tibet). Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ngawang, Chenrap. 1992. Mu li chos ’byung [History of Buddhism in Muli]. Chengdu: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Qi, Yunshi 祁韻士 (1751–1815). 1884 (1846). Huangchao fanbu yaolue 皇朝藩部要略 (Biographies of Mongolian and Muslim Princes and Nobles), 17: 13. Unknown city: Yun lu shan fang. Cited in Huangchao fanbu yaolue. 1993. Xizang xue hanwen wenxian huike 西藏學漢文文獻匯刻 (Selected Chinese Literature of Tibetan studies), 3: 259. Beijing: Quanguo tushuguan wenxian suowei fuzhi zhongxin.Google Scholar
Qing shizong shilu 清世宗實錄 (Veritable Records of the Qing emperor Shizong). 1985. Vol. 110. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Rinchen, Gyatso (Rin chen rgya mtsho). n.d. Brag g⋅yab che tshang blo bzang rnam rgyal gyi rnam thar [The Biography of Drayap Chetsang Lobzang Namgyel], vol. 1, https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W00KG03151 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Sha'anxi zongdu zoubao Gada tianbo guanbing fenshe xunfang zhe” 陜西總督奏報噶達添撥官兵分設汛防折 (Sha'anxi governor-general's memorial about allocating additional officers and soldiers and setting up patrolling and defense units) (dated the twenty-second day of the fifth month of the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign). 1979. In Taibei gugong bowuyuan (ed.), Gongzhong dang yongzheng chao zouzhe 宮中檔雍正朝奏折 (Memorials of the Yongzheng Reign in the Palace Museum Archives), 13: 223–6. Taibei: Guoli gugong bowuyuan 臺北故宮博物院.Google Scholar
Thu'ukwan, Chökyi Nyima (Thu'u bkwan Chos kyi nyi ma). 1989. Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje'i rnam thar (Biography of Changkya Rölpé Dorjé). Lanzhou: Kan su'u mi rigs dpe skrun khang.Google Scholar
Tsewang, Dorjé Rikdzin (Tshe dbang rdo rje rig ’dzin). 1994. Dpal sa skyong Sde dge chos kyi rgyal po rim byon gyi rnam thar dge legs nor bu'i phreng ba ’dod dgu rab ’phel [Biographies of the Successive Dergé dharma Kings). Bir, Distt. Kangra, H.P.: D. Tsondu Senghe Yorey Tsang (bdrc-W4CZ302230).Google Scholar
Wei, Yuan 魏源. Shengwu ji 聖武記 (An Account of the Military History), vol. 17; the edition stored at Guweitang, 27. Cited in Zhang Husheng 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si” 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
“Xikang tequ zhengwu weiyuanhui huibao geshu lama simiao diaochabiao” 西康特區政務委員會匯報各屬喇嘛寺廟調查表 (Investigation and chart of various monasteries under its jurisdiction reported by the Xikang Special Regional Government Affairs Committee). 1990. In Jindai Kangqu dang'an ziliao xuanbian 近代康區檔案資料選編 (Selected Historical Materials of the Major Events in Modern Kham), 324–30. Chengdu: Sichuan daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xizang zhi. Weizang tongzhi 西藏誌衛藏通誌 (The History of Tibet – The General History of Ü-Tsang). 1982. Lhasa: Xizang renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yangchen Nyepé, Langtso (Dbyangs can snyems pa'i lang tsho). 1983. Hor chos rgyal sku phreng gong ma rnams kyi rnam thar mdor bsdus ’dzam bu'i gser gyi snye ma [Brief Biographies of Previous Hör Chöjés]. Delhi: Tibet House. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W22125 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Yun, Li 允禮. 1985. “Xizang wangfan riji” 西藏往返日記 (Diary of my round trip to Central Tibet), in Fengpei, Wu 吳豐培 (ed.), Chuanzang youzong huibian 川藏遊蹤匯編 (The Collection of Whereabouts of Travelers in Sichuan and Central Tibet), 81–99. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yuan shi 元史 (Yuan History), Shizu 3 世祖三, vol. 6. Cited in Zhang Yun 張雲. 1994. “Yuandai tubo denglu xuanweisi shidi kaozheng” 元代吐蕃等路宣慰司史地考證 (Textual study of the history and geography of the Pacification Office of Tubo and other lu (prefects)], Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethnic Studies) 6, 86–94.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zoubao yu Taining jianzao Dalai Lama yizhu miaoyu donggong riqi ji liaogu yinliang zhe” 嶽鐘琪奏報於泰寧建造達賴喇嘛移駐廟宇動工日期及料估銀兩折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial reporting the date to start the construction of the monastery in Gartar where the Dalai Lama would reside and the estimation of the amount of silver taels needed for purchasing materials dated on the eighteenth day of the fourth month of the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 1–7: 438. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zoufu yuchou yu Taining difang xiujian miaoyu bei dalai lama yizhu zhe” 嶽鐘琪奏復預籌於泰寧地方修建廟宇備達賴喇嘛移駐折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial in reply to the memorial about planning to build the monastery in the Gartar Area to prepare a residence for the Dalai Lama dated on the fourth day of the tenth month of the sixth year of the Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 1–7: 431. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yue Zhongqi zunzhi zouchen nizai Chamuduo dengchu shebing yingyuan shi zhe”嶽鐘琪遵旨奏陳擬在察木多等處設兵應援事折 (Yue Zhongqi's memorial about the plan to station troops in Chamdo and other places to provide support upon the imperial order dated on the thirtieth day of the twelfth month of the fourth year of the Yongzheng's reign). 1994. In Yuan yilai Xizang difang yu zhongyang zhengfu guanxi dang'an shiliao huibian 元以來西藏地方與中央政府關系檔案史料匯編 (A Collection of the Archival Documents about the Relations between the Tibetan Government and the Successive Chinese Central Governments since the Yuan Dynasty), 375. Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Yuzhi Huiyuan miao bei” 禦制惠遠廟碑 (The Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made per the Emperor's order). 1998. Cited in Daofu xianzhi 道孚縣誌 (Gazetteer of Tawu), 573. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Zi Sichuan zongdu chengsong fagei Huiyuan si xianpai yinzhao you” 咨四川總督呈送發給惠遠寺憲牌印照清冊由 (The official communication to the governor-general of Sichuan concerning reasons for issuing the official notice and license to Huiyuan [Gartar] Monastery). 1961. In Daofu xian tuzhi 道孚縣圖誌 (Illustrated History of Tawu), 19. Beijing: Minzu wenhuagong tushuguan.Google Scholar
Zha, Qian 查騫. 1990 “Taining si yibian shimo” 泰寧寺夷變始末 (The whole story of the turmoil at Taining [Gartar] Monastery), in Jindai Kangzang zhongda shijian shiliao xuanbian 近代康藏重大事件史料選編 (Selected Historical Materials of the Major Events in Modern Kham), 201–05. Chengdu: Sichuan daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“B'aH gnas dgon pa'i lo rgyus” [History of Bané Monastery]. 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: Buddhism), 3: 22–3. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Deng, Ruiling and Feng, Zhi (eds) 鄧銳齡,馮智編. 2015. Xizang tongshi (Qingdai juan) 西藏通誌(清代卷) (A General History of Central Tibet [Qing Period]). Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Dga’ ldan thub chen chos ’khor gling gi lo rgyus” (History of Ganden Tupchen Chökhorling [Litang monastery]). 1995. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 2–28. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Drölma, Chömtso (Sgrol ma chos mtsho). 2012. Chos sde chen mo Mgar thar byams pa gling gi lo rgyus (History of the Great Monastery Gartar Jampaling). Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W1AC446 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Ganzi zhouzhi bianzuan weiyuanhui, 甘孜州誌編纂委員會 (ed.). 1997. Ganzi zhouzhi 甘孜州誌 (History of Kardzé [Ganzi] Prefecture), vols. 1–3. Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Huang, Quanyi 黃全毅. 2013. “Ganzi mingren: qishi Dalai lama Gesang Jiacuo” 甘孜名人: 七世达赖喇嘛格桑嘉措 (The celebrity of Kardzé [Ganzi]): the seventh Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso], Sichuan minzu xueyuan xuebao 四川民族學院學報 (Journal of Sichuan University for Nationalities) 3, 1–6.Google Scholar
Jiang, Lianfu 姜連富. 1991. “Taining xie shimo” 泰寧協始末 (The whole story of the Gartar regiment), in Daofu xian wenshi ziliao xuanji 道孚縣文史資料選輯 (Selected Cultural and Historical Materials of Tawu [Daofu] County), 3: 27–30. Xianshui zhen: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi Sichuan sheng Daofu xian weiyuanhui wenshi ziliao weiyuanhui.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Matthew. 2013. “The Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelzang Gyatso”, in the Treasury of Lives. Available at https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/biography/3107 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Lha mo rtse dgon gyi lo rgyus” (History of the Lhamotsé [Ch. Nanwu si] monastery). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 3: 48–9. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Liu, Shengqi 柳陞祺. 2004. “Yiqi erqi zhi yiqi erba nian Weizang zhanzheng qianhou qing zhongyang de zhizang fangce” 1727–1728 年衛藏戰爭前後清中央的治藏方策 (The Qing central government's strategy for governing Tibet during the war between Ü and Tsang in 1727–1728), Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethno-National Studies) 1: 92–101.Google Scholar
“Mgar thar byams pa gling gi lo rgyus” (History of Gartar Jampaling). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 626–31. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
“Mi nyag ’ge kha dgon pa'i lo rgyus” (History of the Gekha [Ch. Guwa si] Monastery in Minyak). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 3: 67–83. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Naoto, Kato. 1993. “Lobsang Danjin's Rebellion of 1723: With a focus on the eve of the rebellion”, Acta Asiatica 63, 50–80.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano. 1972. China and Tibet in the Early Eighteenth Century. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Sangji, Bamu and Shan, Kun 桑吉巴姆,昆山. 2002. “Qianning Huiyuan si” 乾寧惠遠寺 (The Gartar monastery in Gartar), in Ganzi zhou wenshi ziliao 甘孜州文史資料 (The Cultural and Historical Materials of Kardze Prefecture), vol. 19.Google Scholar
Sichuan sheng Daofu Xianzhi bianzuan weiyuanhui 四川省道孚縣誌編纂委員會. 1998. Daofu xianzi 道孚縣誌 (Gazetteer of Daofu [Tawu] County). Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
“Sku nub dgon gyi lo rgyus” (History of the Kunup [Ch. Gunu si or Gulu si]). 1991. In Khams phyogs dkar mdzes khul gyi dgon sde so so'i lo rgyus gsal bar bshad pa nang bstan gsal ba'i me long (History of Monasteries in Kardzé, Kham: A Clear Mirror of Buddhism), 2: 586–91. Beijing: Krung go'i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang. https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W19997 [Accessed 31 January 2024].Google Scholar
Wang, Chuan 王川. 2006. “Liu Wenhui yu xikang diqu zangchuan fojiao jie guanxi lunshu” 劉文輝與西康地區藏傳佛教界關系述論 (An account of Liu Wenhui and his relationship with the Tibetan Buddhist circle in Xikang), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 78–84.Google Scholar
Wang, Lina and Jinchun, Zhu 王麗娜,朱金春. 2019. Qishi Dalai yizhu Huiyuan si ji qingchao dui Kangqu kongzhi de jiaqiang 七世達賴移駐惠遠寺及清朝對康區控制的加強 (The Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery and the Qing Dynasty's strengthening its control over the Kham region), Xibei minzu Luncong 西北民族论丛 (Northwest Ethnology Series) 20, 167–81.Google Scholar
Xing, Quancheng 星全成. 2005. “‘Weizang zhanzheng’ yu qishi dalai qianju kangqu” “衛藏戰爭”與七世達賴遷居康區 (The war between Ü and Tsang and the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in the Kham region), Qinghai minzu xueyuan xuebao 青海民族學院學報 (Journal of Qinghai Nationalities Institute) 4, 13–16.Google Scholar
Zangzu xueshu taolunhui lunwenji 藏族學術討論會論文集 (Proceedings of the Tibetan Symposium). 1984. Lhasa: Xizang remin chubansh. Cited in ZhangGoogle Scholar
Husheng, 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si” 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
Zhang, Husheng 張虎生. 1994. “Yuzhi Huiyuanmiao beiwen jiaozhu – jianshuo qishi Dalai lama yiju huiyuan si 禦制惠遠廟碑文校註–兼說七世達賴喇嘛移居惠遠寺 (Collation and annotation of the Chinese inscription of Gartar Monastery made by the Emperor's Order – concurrently discussing the Seventh Dalai Lama's moving to reside in Gartar Monastery), Zhongguo zangxue 中國藏學 (China Tibetology) 3, 90–9.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yun 張雲. 1994.“Yuandai tubo denglu xuanweisi shidi kaozheng” (Textual study of the history and geography of the Pacification Office of Tubo and other lu [Prefects]) 元代吐蕃等路宣慰司史地考證, Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 (Ethnic Studies) 6, 86–94.Google Scholar