Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T03:46:47.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

PROFESSIONALISM AND THE POETIC PERSONA IN ARCHAIC GREECE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2016

Edmund Stewart*
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham, UK

Abstract

Greek poets of the archaic period, though often characterised as amateur aristocrats, could also seek to present themselves as professionals – regular practitioners of a specialist skill (τέχνη). In this capacity, the poet is understood to work primarily for the benefit of the community (either his own or, more commonly, those through which he travels). In return for these services, he expects to receive both a special status and material rewards (though financial gain is not presented as his main motivation). The poet's professional status thus forms one part of his identity and is a source of respect in the ancient city.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Acton, P. (2014) Poiesis: manufacturing in classical Athens, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aloni, A. (1989) L'Aedo e i Tiranni, Rome.Google Scholar
Bell, J. M. (1978) ‘κίμβιξ καὶ σοφός: Simonides in the anecdotal tradition’, QUCC 28, 2986.Google Scholar
Bowie, E. (2009) ‘Wandering poets, archaic style’, in Hunter, R. L. and Rutherford, I. (eds.), Wandering poets in ancient Greek culture, Cambridge, 105–36.Google Scholar
Bowie, E. (2012) ‘Epinicians and patrons’, in Agócs, P., Carey, C. and Rawles, R. (eds.), Reading the Victory Ode, Cambridge, 8392.Google Scholar
Bowra, C. M. (1938) ‘Xenophanes and the Olympic Games’, AJP 59, 257–79.Google Scholar
Bowra, C. M. (1961) Greek lyric poetry, 2nd edn, Oxford.Google Scholar
Bowra, C. M. (1964) Pindar, Oxford.Google Scholar
Burkert, W. (1979) ‘Kynaithos, Polycrates and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo’, in Bowerstock, G. W. et al. (eds.), Arktouros, Berlin and New York, 5362.Google Scholar
Burn, A. R. (1960) The lyric age of Greece, London.Google Scholar
Cairns, F. (2011) ‘Money and the poet: the first stasimon of Pindar Isthmian 2’, Mnemosyne 64, 2136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb-Stevans, V., Figueira, T. J. and Nagy, G. (1985) ‘Introduction’, in Figueira, T. J. and Nagy, G. (eds.), Theognis of Megara, Baltimore, 18.Google Scholar
Cogan, M. L. (1955) ‘The problem of defining a profession’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 297, 105–11.Google Scholar
Cruess, S. R. et al. (2004) ‘“Profession”: a working definition for medical educators’, Teaching and Learning in Medicine 16, 74–6.Google Scholar
Davies, M. (1988) ‘Monody, choral lyric and the tyranny of the handbook’, CQ 28, 5264.Google Scholar
Detienne, M. (1967) Les maîtres de vérité dans la Grèce archaïque, Paris.Google Scholar
Finglass, P. J. (2014) ‘Introduction’, in Finglass, P. J. and Davies, M. (eds.), Stesichorus: the poems, Cambridge, 173.Google Scholar
Finley, M. I. (1977) The world of Odysseus, 3rd edn, London.Google Scholar
Flower, M. A. (2008) The seer in ancient Greece, Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ford, A. (1985) ‘The seal of Theognis’, in Figueira, T. J. and Nagy, G. (eds.), Theognis of Megara, Baltimore, 8295.Google Scholar
Ford, A. (2002) The origins of criticism, Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraenkel, H. (1962) Dichtung und Philosophie des frühen Griechentums, Munich.Google Scholar
Gentili, B. (1988) Poetry and its public in ancient Greece, Baltimore and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gzella, S. (1971) ‘The problem of the fee in Greek choral lyric’, Eos 59, 189202.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. (2002) ‘Workshop, household and marketplace’, in Cartledge, P., Cohen, E. and Foxhall, L.. (eds.) Money, land and labour in ancient Greece, London, 6799.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. and Lewis, D. (2016) ‘Introduction: markets in Classical and Hellenistic Greece’, in Harris, E. M., Lewis, D. and Woolmer, M. (eds.), The ancient Greek economy: markets, households, and city states, Cambridge, 137.Google Scholar
Heubeck, A., West, S., Hainsworth, J. B. (1988) A commentary on Homer's Odyssey . Volume I, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hornblower, S. (2009) ‘Greek lyric and the polis ’, in Budelmann, F. (ed.), The Cambridge companion to Greek lyric, Cambridge, 3957.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. O. (2001) Greek lyric poetry, Oxford.Google Scholar
Kantzios, I. (2005) ‘Tyranny and the symposium of Anacreon’, CJ 100, 227–45.Google Scholar
Kantzios, I. (2010) ‘Marginal voice and erotic discourse in Anacreon’, Mnemosyne 63, 577–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, J. A. (1966) ‘Professional musicians in ancient Greece’, G&R 13, 213–22.Google Scholar
Kowalzig, B. and Wilson, P. (2013) ‘Introduction’, in Kowalzig, B. and Wilson, P. (eds.), Dithyramb in context, Oxford, 127.Google Scholar
Kurke, L. (1989) ‘Kaphleia and deceit: Theognis 59–60’, AJP 110, 535–44.Google Scholar
Kurke, L. (1991) The traffic in praise, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Kurke, L. (1994) ‘Crisis and decorum in sixth-century Lesbos: reading Alkaios otherwise’, QUCC 47, 6792.Google Scholar
Kurke, L. (1999) Coins, bodies, games and gold, Princeton.Google Scholar
Lane Fox, R. (2000) ‘Theognis: an alternative to democracy’, in Brock, R. and Hodkinson, S. (eds.), Alternatives to Athens, Oxford, 3551.Google Scholar
Larson, M. S. (2013) The rise of professionalism, 3rd edn, New Brunswick.Google Scholar
Lesky, A. (1971) Geschichte der griechischen Literatur, 3rd edn, Bern.Google Scholar
Martin, R. P. (1992) ‘Hesiod's metanastic poetics’, Ramus 21, 424–40.Google Scholar
Martin, R. P. (2006) ‘Solon in no man's land’, in Blok, J. H. and Lardinois, A. P. M. H. (eds.), Solon of Athens, Leiden, 157–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. P. (2009) ‘Read on arrival’, in Hunter, R. L. and Rutherford, I. (eds.), Wandering poets in ancient Greek culture, Cambridge, 80104.Google Scholar
Maslov, B. (2009) ‘The semantics of ἀοιδός and related compounds’, CA 28, 138.Google Scholar
Moore, W. E. (1970) The professions: roles and rules, New York.Google Scholar
Morris, I. (1996) ‘The strong principle of equality and the archaic origins of Greek democracy’, in Ober, J. and Hedrick, C. (eds.), Dēmokratia, Princeton, 1948.Google Scholar
Mülke, C. (2002) Solons politische Elegien und Iamben Fr. 1–13; 32–27 West, Munich.Google Scholar
Murakawa, K. (1957) ‘Demiurgos’, Historia 6, 385415.Google Scholar
Murray, O. (1990) ‘The affair of the Mysteries: democracy and the drinking group’, in Murray, O. (ed.), Sympotica, Oxford, 149–61.Google Scholar
Murray, P. (1981) ‘Poetic inspiration in early Greece’, JHS 101, 87100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, G. (2003) Homeric responses, Austin.Google Scholar
Nicholson, N. (2000) ‘Pederastic poets and adult patrons’, CW 93, 235–59.Google Scholar
Noussia-Fantuzzi, M. (2010) Solon the Athenian, the poetic fragments, Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, T. (2010) The culture of kitharôidia, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Prest, W. (1987) The professions in early modern England, London.Google Scholar
Reden, S. von (1995) ‘Deceptive readings: poetry and its value reconsidered’, CQ 45, 3050.Google Scholar
Richardson, N. (2010) Three Homeric Hymns, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Roochnik, D. (1996) Of art and wisdom: Plato's understanding of techne, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Rose, P. W. (2012) Class in archaic Greece, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rösler, W. (1980) Dichter und Gruppe, Munich.Google Scholar
Schaps, D. M. (2004) The invention of coinage and the monetization of ancient Greece, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Scully, S. P. (1981) ‘The bard as the custodian of Homeric society’, QUCC 8, 6783.Google Scholar
Seaford, R. (2004) Money and the early Greek mind: Homer, philosophy, tragedy, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Selle, H. (2008) Theognis und die Theognidea, Berlin.Google Scholar
Smith, A. (1993) An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations (1st edn 1789), Oxford.Google Scholar
Steiner, D. (1986) The crown of song, London.Google Scholar
Susskind, R. and Susskind, D. (2015) The future of the professions: how technology will transform the work of human experts, Oxford.Google Scholar
Svenbro, J. (1976) La parole et le marbre, Lund.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. (1995) ‘The place of the poet in archaic society’, in Powell, A. (ed.), The Greek world, London 104–29.Google Scholar
Vélissaropoulos-Karakostas, J. (2002) ‘Merchants, prostitutes and the “new poor”’, in Cartledge, P., Cohen, E., and Foxhall, L.. (eds.), Money, land and labour in ancient Greece, London, 130–9.Google Scholar
Vergados, A. (2013) The Homeric Hymn to Hermes, Berlin.Google Scholar
Wecowski, M. (2014) The rise of the Greek aristocratic banquet, Oxford.Google Scholar
Wees, H. van (2000) ‘Megara's Mafiosi: timocracy and violence in Theognis’, in Brock, R. and Hodkinson, S. (eds.), Alternatives to Athens, Oxford, 5267.Google Scholar
West, M. L. (1974) Studies in Greek elegy and iambus, Berlin and New York.Google Scholar
West, M. L. (1975) ‘Cynaethus's Hymn to Apollo’, CQ 25, 116–70. [= (2011) 329–43]Google Scholar
West, M. L. (1999) ‘The invention of Homer’, CQ 49, 364382. [= (2011) 408–36]Google Scholar
West, M. L. (2011) Hellenica. Volume I: Epic, Oxford.Google Scholar
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von (1913) Sappho und Simonides, Berlin.Google Scholar
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von (1922) Pindaros, Berlin.Google Scholar
Wilson, P. (2003) ‘The sound of cultural conflict: Kritias and the culture of mousikê in Athens’, in Dougherty, C. and Kurke, L. (eds.) The cultures within ancient culture, Cambridge, 181206.Google Scholar
Woodbury, L. (1968) ‘Pindar and the mercenary Muse’, TAPA 99, 527–42.Google Scholar
Woodbury, L. (1985) ‘Ibycus and Polycrates’, Phoenix 39, 193220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaccagnini, C. (1983) ‘Patterns of mobility among ancient Near Eastern craftsman’, JNES 42, 245–64.Google Scholar