^{page 1 note a} Secretary of State and Treasurer of the Household. Since Windebank's flight to France at the beginning of December 1640 he had been without a colleague in the Secretaryship. He is usually spoken of by Nicholas as “ Mr. Threasurer.”

^{page 1 note b} The letters throughout are addressed to Nicholas unless it is otherwise stated.

^{page 2 note a} The original warrant, with instructions, signed by Charles, is in Eg. MS. 2541, f. 264. It is printed in Hoare's Wilts, Alderbury Hundred, p. 89.

^{page 2 note b} The imposition of this oath against the covenant, &c. was made the ground of art. 19 of Strafford's impeachment (Rushworth, viii. p. 489), according to which Hen. Steward and his wife were fined £5,000 each and his two daughters £3,000 each, with imprisonment for default. In the letter, however, to which Nicholas refers (Eg. MS. 2533, f. 113b) the amounts are stated to have been £3,000 and £2,000 respectively. Compensation was ultimately made out of delinquents' estates. (Commons'-Journals, iv. p. 630.)

^{page 2 note c} Henry Bourchier, succ. as 5th Earl in 1636.

^{page 2 note d} Sir Francis Leigh, 1st Bart., cr. Baron Dunsmore in 1628, and Earl of Chichester in 1644.

^{page 3 note a} Francis Seymour, 2nd son of the Earl of Hertford, cr. Baron Seymour of Trowbridge, 19 Feb. 1641.

^{page 3 note b} Edward Lyttelton, cr. Baron Lyttelton of Mounslow, 18 Feb. 1641 ; made Lord Keeper on the impeachment and flight of Lord Finch, 18 Jan. 1641, having previously been Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

^{page 3 note c} Henry Montagu, cr. Earl of Manchester in 1626 ; Lord Privy Seal since 1627.

^{page 3 note d} James Stuart, 4th Duke of Lenox, cr. Duke of Richmond two days before, 8 Aug. 1641.

^{page 3 note e} Oliver St. John, appointed 29 Jan. 1641.

^{page 3 note f} Sir William Bellenden, of Broughton, cr. Baron Bellenden in 1661.

^{page 3 note g} William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Sele.

^{page 4 note a} M.P. for Boroughbridge, co. York.

^{page 4 note b} Sir William Armine, or Armyn, of Osgodby, cr. Bart, in 1619, M.P. for Grantham, co. Linc.

^{page 4 note c} Sir John Clotworthy, M.P. for Maldon, co. Essex.

^{page 4 note d} It is evident from this that Nicholas had no seat in the Long Parliament. Both Carlyle (Cromwell, ed. 1871, iii. p. 256) and Prof. Masson (Life of Milton, ii. p. 159) enter his name as Member for Newtown, co. Hants, confounding him apparently with Nicholas Weston (see the Blue Book, Members of Parliament, 1878, p. 493, note 8). The “ Mr. Nicholas ” whose name occurs in the Journals is Anthony Nichols, M.P. for Bodmin, or Robert Nichols, M.P. for Devizes.

^{page 4 note e} This and most of the other draft letters of Nicholas are partly in shorthand.

^{page 5 note a} Mary de' Medici, mother of Queen Henrietta Maria. She had lived in England since Oct. 1638, but being now “ moved to depart the kingdom,” retired to Cologne, where she died 3 July, 1642.

^{page 5 note b} Of Bromham, co. Wilts, M.P. for Chippenham. He did not die until 1657.

^{page 5 note c} Richard Rogers, of Brianston, co. Dorset (Hutchins, Dorset, i. p. 250), and M.P. for the same county. His wife was Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Cheke, Knt., by his second wife, Essex, dau. of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick. She afterwards married her cousin Robert, 3rd Earl of Warwick (Morant, Essex, i. p. 61).

^{page 6 note a} The king's answer to this letter, with further correspondence between him and Nicholas, will be found in Bray's Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, ed. 1850–52, iv. p. 49.

^{page 8 note a} Alexander Leslie, commanding the Scotch army in England ; cr. Earl of Leven in October following.

^{page 9 note a} Since Bishop Juxon's resignation on 19 May the Treasury had been in commission, the Commissioners being Lord Keeper Lyttelton, the Earl of Manchester, Chief Justice Bankes, Lord Newburgh, and Sir H. Vane.

^{page 10 note a} Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, 1603 ; Earl Marshal since 1621.

^{page 10 note b} Aubrey de Vere, 20th and last Earl of Oxford, succ. in 1632 ; at this time a youth 15 years of age.

^{page 11 note a} M.P. for Bury St. Edmund's, and late Comptroller of the Household; father of Henry Jermyn, who, as Lord Jermyn, figures so frequently in the correspondence further on.

^{page 11 note b} Sir John Bankes, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, acting Speaker of the House of Lords in the absence of Lord Keeper Lyttelton.

^{page 11 note c} Secretary to the Duke of Richmond; the same probably as the Thomas Webb, M.P. for West Romney, who was expelled from the House as a monopolist in March, 1641.

^{page 12 note a} The Duke of Richmond, who was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

^{page 12 note b} Richmond and Lenox. He and the rest signed the covenant and took their seats on the 18th and 19th. (Balfour, Annals, iii. p. 44.)

^{page 12 note c} James Hamilton, 3rd Marquis of Hamilton, succ. in 1625 ; cr. Duke of Hamilton in 1643.

^{page 12 note d} William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton, succ. in 1606.

^{page 12 note e} Robert Ker of Cessford, cr. Earl of Roxburgh in 1616.

^{page 13 note a} The committee of Parliament so called appears to have been first formally instituted in 1369 for the purpose of preparing bills to be laid before the House. As, however, the bills were put to the vote in the mass, it gradually usurped the whole power of Parliament. Its constitution varied at different times, but in 1633 it was ordered to consist of eight members of each of the four estates, together with eight officers of state nominated by the king. It was not finally suppressed until 1689. See Acts of Parl. of Scotland, i. p. 16, v. p. 9, &c.

^{page 14 note a} Passed by Commission, 16 Aug. (Lords' Journals, iv. p. 365.)

^{page 15 note a} This letter to Pym is referred to in the Com. Journ. 16 Aug. (ii. p. 259), when it was ordered that one Savage, arrested on suspicion of being a priest, should be released as belonging to the retinue of the Queen Mother, but that a young man taken in his company should be examined by the Committee for Recusants.

^{page 15 note b} Capt. James Wadsworth, notorious for his activity in tracking out recusants. He had himself been a Roman Catholic, and was described by Sanderson (Reign of James I., 1656, p. 491) as “ a renegado proselyte turncote of any religion and every trade, now living, 1655, a common hackney to the basest catchpole bayliffs.” See also Wood's Athenœ Oxon., iii. p. 1077.

^{page 15 note c} Edward Howard, a younger son of Thomas, 1st Earl of Suffolk, cr. Baron Howard of Escrick in 1628. Like the rest of the Commissioners he was opposed to the Court party.

^{page 16 note a} Henry Rich, cr. Baron Kensington in 1622, and Earl of Holland in 1624 ; general of the English army in the North. Clarendon attributes his enigmatical letter to pique at the king's refusing him “ the making a baron, which at that time might have been worth to him ten thousand pounds.” (History, ed. 1843, p. 115.) The letter found its way into print, for which Thomas (or Matthew) Symonds, the publisher, got into trouble with the House (C. J., 20, 24 Aug. ii., pp. 266,268). The extract quoted by Nicholas differs somewhat from the printed text.

^{page 16 note b} Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl in 1603, Lord Chamberlain of the Household.

^{page 17 note a} Philip Burlamachi, Master of the Posts.

^{page 17 note b} Nathaniel Fiennes, M.P. for Banbury, 2nd son of Viscount Saye and Sele. Though his name and Sir W. Armyn's were only added “ in case of mortality or sickness” (C. J., 18 Aug., ii. p. 262), all four commoners actually served on the commission. (Balfour, Annals, iii. p. 92.)

^{page 19 note a} Addressed to the Scotch Parliament, 17 Aug. (Balfour, Annals, iii. p. 40.) See also Rushworth, iv. p. 382.

^{page 20 note a} John Elphinston, 2nd Baron Balmerino, a strong Covenanter; elected President unanimously on 18 Aug. (Balfour, iii. p. 45.)

^{page 20 note b} James Livingston, cr. Baron Livingston of Almond in 1633, and Earl of Callendar, 6 Oct. 1641.

^{page 21 note a} Printed in the Lords' Journals, 20 Aug., iv. p. 372.

^{page 22 note a} Mountjoy Blount, Earl of Newport, cr. in 1628. See the order in the Lords' Journals, 18 Aug., iv. p. 369.

^{page 22 note b} Since 11 June he had been confined in the Castle of Edinburgh on a charge of plotting against Argyll and the Covenant. He was not released until Jan. 1642.

^{page 23 note a} In Northumberland, 13 miles south of Berwick.

^{page 23 note b} John Campbell, Earl of Loudoun, cr. in 1633. Having been sent as Scotch Commissioner to London in 1640, he was committed to the Tower as privy to the intercepted letter from some of the leading Covenanters to the King of France. He was now on his way home with the Treaty of Pacification.

^{page 23 note c} William Russell, 5th Earl, succ. 9 May, 1641. Though named one of the Commission to Scotland, he was excused “ in regard of his great occasions.” (L. J., 13, 19 Aug., iv. pp. 362, 371.)

^{page 23 note d} According to Baillie (Letters, etc., i. pp. 213,255), he preached to some purpose when the Scots invaded England in 1638 and 1640. “ We were much oblidged to the toun of Edinburgh for moneyes. Harie Rollock by his sermons moved them to shake out their purses.” And again, “ Rollock had so sweetlie spoken to the people's mindes on the Sonday, that the women afternoon and to-morrow gave freclie great store of that stuffe [linen for tents] almost sufficient to cover all our armie.”

^{page 24 note a} Alexander Henderson, minister at Edinburgh and rector of the University, the famous leader of the Scotch presbyterian clergy.

^{page 24 note b} Alexander Livingston, 2nd Earl of Linlithgow, succ. in 1622.

^{page 24 note c} Robert Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath, succ. in 1639.

^{page 24 note d} Patrick Murray, succ. as 3rd Earl of Tullibardine on his brother's resignation in 1629.

^{page 24 note e} Robert Monro, or Munro, general-major of the Scotch army under Leslie. Like the latter he had gained his military experience in the German wars of Gustavus Adolphus.

^{page 26 note a} John Leslie, 5th Earl of Rothes, succ. in 1621; an active Covenanter and chief of the Scotch Commissioners in England. His death, however, at this time, was a serious misfortune for Charles, who had succeeded in gaining him over. (Clarendon, History, p. 112.)

^{page 26 note b} Or Roe, ambassador to the Diet at Ratisbon and Vienna concerning the affairs of the Palatinate. A large number of his letters, dated Dec. 1641-Oct. 1643, are among The Nicholas Papers. Correspondence of Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State. Vol. I. 1641-1672 (Eg. MS. 2533, ff. 258–380).

^{page 27 note a} Algernon Percy, succ. as 10th Earl in 1632; Lord High Admiral in 1636.

^{page 27 note b} John Stewart, cr. Earl of Traquair in 1633; Royal Commissioner to the General Assembly and the Scotch Parliament in 1639. He was at present under impeachment as chief of the “Incendiaries.”

^{page 27 note c} At Broughton, where, according to Wood (Athenœ Oxon., iii. p. 546), the Puritan party were wont to hold secret meetings.

^{page 27 note d} The rest of the letter from this point is scored through for omission.

^{page 28 note a} Formally ratified on 26 Aug. (Acts of Parliament of Scotland, v. p. 335).

^{page 29 note a} In spite of a letter from the king stating that he was too far engaged to the Spanish ambassador to draw back, the Houses refused their assent. (L.J.,24,28 Aug. 9 Sept., iv. pp. 374, 381, 394.)

^{page 30 note a} Sir William Parsons, Master of the Court of Wards, Lord Justice.

^{page 30 note b} Sir John Borlase, Master of the Ordnance, Lord Justice.

^{page 30 note c} Robert Dillon, Lord Dillon, afterwards 2nd Earl of Roscommon.

^{page 30 note d} Sir Adam Loftus, Vice-Treasurer.

^{page 30 note e} Sir John Temple, Master of the Rolls.

^{page 31 note a} On the execution of Strafford, Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, had been appointed to succeed him as Lord Lieutenant, but he never crossed the Channel to assume the government.

^{page 32 note a} Jerome Weston, succ. as 2nd Earl in 1634. He was Governor of the Isle of Wight.

^{page 33 note a} John Maitland, Lord Maitland, succ. as 2nd Earl of Lauderdale in 1645, cr. Duke of Lauderdale in 1672; at this time a zealous Covenanter.

^{page 35 note a} Admiral of the Narrow Seas, and Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, styled by Clarendon “a very honest gentleman and of unshaken faithfulness and integrity to the king.” (History, ed. 1843, p. 272.) He was an intimate friend of Nicholas, and in his will, dated 14 July 1640 (Eg. MS. 2533, f. 95), the latter is named an executor, with a legacy of 500l. From the same document, which contains much information as to his family connections, it appears that Alderman Isaac Pennington, M.P. for the City of London, and conspicuous for his zeal on the Parliamentary side, was his cousin.

^{page 35 note b} See the Lords' Journals, 28 Aug., iv. p. 381.

^{page 36 note a} Ferdinand, son of Philip III. of Spain, Cardinal-Archbishop of Toledo, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands since 1634. He died on the 9 Nov. following.

^{page 36 note b} Luca Fabbroni degl' Asini, a Florentine.

^{page 36 note c} Alethea, dan. of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, mar. to the Earl of Arundel in 1606.

^{page 37 note a} John Glynn, M.P. and Recorder for Westminster.

^{page 37 note b} Sir Robert Pye, auditor of the Receipt of the Exchequer; or his son, Sir Robert Pye, jun. who married Anne, dau. of John Hampden. Leave of absence was granted to the younger Sir Robert, who was M.P. for Woodstock, on 9 Aug., “in regard that his daughter is visit ed with the small pox.” (C. J., ii. p. 246.)

^{page 37 note c} Perhaps Laurence Whitaker, M.P. for Oakhampton.

^{page 37 note d} Jacques d'Estampes, Marquis de la Ferté-Imbault, who arrived in London on 18 July.

^{page 37 note e} They were sentenced to stand in the pillory for an hour before the ambassador's house, to ask his pardon on their knees, and to ba whipped; but at the ambassador's intercession the last penalty was remitted. (L. J., 30 Aug. 6, 8 Sept., iv. pp. 384, 389, 390.)

^{page 38 note a} The Earl of Lindsey, Lord Great Chamberlain, and the Earl of Essex, Lord Chamberlain of the Household.

^{page 38 note b} The Officers of State, etc., in whose appointment the Scotch parliament claimed a voice, as against the exclusive exercise of the royal prerogative.

^{page 38 note c} Philip, afterwards Sir Philip Warwick, Clerk of the Signet and M.P. for New Radnor, author of well-known Memoirs.

^{page 39 note a} John Drummond, 2nd Earl of Perth, succ. in 1611; a royalist, and one of those who had signed Montrose's “Band of Cumbernauld.”

^{page 39 note b} According to an endorsement by Nicholas, Lord Loudoun is intended.

^{page 40 note a} Groom of the Bedchamber and M.P. for Droitwich. Leave of absence was granted him to attend the king to Scotland on 2 Ang. (C. J., ii. p. 232.) He was voted “one that is conceived to give dangerous counsel,” 15 Feb. 1642, and disabled from sitting, 10 Mar. 1643. (Ibid. pp. 433, 997.)

^{page 41 note a} Only in the morning. The second sermon was by Mr. Matthew Wymees, or Wemyss, Minister of Canongate (Balfour, iii. p. 59).

^{page 41 note b} Robert Ker of Nisbet, cr. Earl of Ancram in 1633; a fervid Royalist. His elder son, William, on the contrary (who, having married Anne, Countess of Lothian in her own right, was cr. Earl of Lothian in 1631), was “amongst those who upon all occasions carried the rebellion highest, and shewed the most implacable malice to the person of the king” (Clarendon, p. 663).

^{page 42 note a} Probably Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstown, cr. Bart, in 1625; Vice-Chamberlain of Scotland, 1630. The meaning of the expression “S^r K. Gourdons Dukes” is not apparent.

^{page 42 note b} William Hamilton, brother of the Marquis of Hamilton, cr. Earl of Lanark in 1639; Secretary of State for Scotland, 1640.

^{page 43 note a} Jan Wolfert van Brederode, Heer van Cloetingen, Field-Marshal of the army of the United Provinces. He had recently been one of the Dutch Ambassadors to England, to arrange the marriage of the Princess Mary with William, Prince of Orange.

^{page 44 note a} Probably Johan de Knuyt, who had been sent by the States in 1638 as ambassador to France to reconcile the Queen Mother and Louis XIII.

^{page 46 note a} He lost both his places before the end of the year, being succeeded as Treasurer by Lord Sarile and as Secretary of State by Lord Falkland.

^{page 47 note a} He escaped finally with the loss of his office of Treasurer, but was compelled to give security for his good behaviour.

^{page 47 note b} Lord Howard of Escrick (see above, p. 15).

^{page 48 note a} Sidney Bere, son of John Bere, of Okenham, co. Berks (Archœol. Cantiana, iv. p. 250). He became Secretary to Nicholas, when the latter was appointed Secretary of State.

^{page 49 note a} Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of Argyll, succ. in 1638; cr. Marquis of Argyll before the king left Scotland, on 15 Nov. 1641. He was married to Lady Margaret Douglas, second daughter of the Earl of Morton.

^{page 49 note b} The king's nominees, 20 Sept., were Morton for Chancellor, Loudoun for Treasurer, Roxburgh for Privy Seal, Lanark for Secretary, etc. (Balfour, iii. p. 68). Argyll's objections to Morton are thus summarised by the same authority (p. 69): “1. In respecte such a publicke place might shelter him from his creditors, and wronge them in seiking justice against him. 2^o. He a contempous rebell, and oftene at the home. 3^o. He deserted his countrey in her gratest neid. 4^o. He was decreptit and unable.”

^{page 52 note a} The “Band of Cumbernauld,” signed by Montrose and eighteen others in Aug. 1640, having for its ostensible object the promotion of “all public ends which may tend to the safety both of Religion, Laws, and Liberties of this poor kingdom” (Napier, Memoirs of Montrose, p. 135).

^{page 53 note a} Marie de Rohan, widow of Charles d'Albert, Duc de Luynes, and wife of Claude de Lorraine, Duc de Chevreuse. She lived in exile in England from 1637 to 1640. Lord Northumberland announcing her departure, in a letter dated 17 April, 1640, adds, “Happy shall we be if a greater loss do never befall this kingdom” (Cal. of State Papers, 1640, p. 42).

^{page 53 note b} The act for his confirmation was passed “without a contrarey voyce,” on 30 Sept. (Balfour, iii. p. 85).

^{page 54 note a} This was ultimately done, the Commissioners being Lords Loudoun, Argyll, Glencairne, and Lindsay, and Sir James Carmichael.

^{page 54 note b} Harry Ker, Lord Ker of Cessford, only surviving son of the Earl of Roxburgh; died before his father in 1643. He challenged Hamilton as a traitor to God, his king, and his country. See an account of the quarrel in a letter from Sir Pat. Wemyss to Ormonde (Carte, Ormonde Papers, i. p. 7). The debate on the whole matter is given by Balfour, iii. pp. 81–87.

^{page 54 note c} Ludovic Lindsay, 16th Earl of Crawford, succ. in 1639.

^{page 55 note a} This was the mysterious plot for seizing or mnrdering Hamilton, Argyll, and Lanark, known as the “Incident.” Lanark's own account is in Hardwicke's State Papers, ii. p. 299.

^{page 56 note a} Col. John, afterward Sir John, Cochrane, whose father, Alexander Blair, assumed the name of Cochrane in right of his wife, Elizabeth Cochrane. His younger brother, William, was cr. Baron Cochrane in 1647, and Earl of Dundonald in 1669.

^{page 57 note a} This reproof was hardly deserved. It was by the King's own command that Nicholas, supposing Vane not to have returned to Edinburgh, addressed his letters to the Duke of Richmond (Bray's Evelyn, iv. p. 80).

^{page 58 note a} Sir Edward Chichester, cr. Viscount Chichester in 1625.

^{page 58 note b} Hugh Montgomery, cr. Viscount Montgomery of the Great Ards in 1622.

^{page 58 note c} Sir Phelim Roe O'Neill, son of Tirlogh O'Neill and grandson of Sir Henry O'Neill, who was great nephew of the 1st Earl of Tyrone. He was attainted and executed at Dublin in 1652.

^{page 59 note a} Toby Caulfeild, 3rd Baron Caulfeild of Charlemont, sncc. in 1640. He wa governor of the Fort of Charlemont, where he was surprised and made prisoner on 22 Oct. He was murdered on 1 Mar. following.

^{page 60 note a} Edward Barret, cr. Baron Barret of Newburgh in 1627; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1629.

^{page 61 note a} Joseph Hall, translated from Exeter to Norwich. He was elected to the latter see on 15 NOT. 1641, and confirmed on 16 Dec. Other appointments made at the same time, to which he refers, were Rob. Skinner to Oxford, Brian Duppa to Salisbury, John Prideaux to Worcester, and John Williams translated from Lincoln to York.

^{page 62 note a} These instructions for the impeachment of Lord Kimbolton (Viscount Mandeville) and the Five Members on 3 Jan. 1642, are entirely in the King's own hand. With the natural exception of. art. 3, they are referred to both in the answer of Sir E. Herbert to his impeachment, and in the King's letter on his behalf to the Lord Keeper (Rushworth, iv. pp. 490, 493). It appears from the erasures that Kimbolton's impeachment was an afterthought, the original intention being to call him as a witness with the other peers named, whom it was thought advisable to prevent by this device from serving on the examining committee. Although Clarendon states (ed. 1843, p. 144) that it was Lord Digby who particularly named Kimbolton to Charles, we are almost tempted to explain the surprise and perplexity which Digby showed when the articles were read by his ignorance of the King's change of purpose.

^{page 63 note a} Eldest son of Sir Edward; afterwards Sir John Nicholas, Clerk of the Council.

^{page 63 note b} Of Deptford; cr. Bart, in 1649. His daughter Mary married John Evelyn.

^{page 64 note a} George Digby, cr. Baron Digby in 1641, Secretary of State; succ. as 2nd Earl of Bristol in 1653.

^{page 64 note b} Surrendered to Fairfax by Prince Rupert on 11 Sept. (Warburton, Mem. of Pr. Rupert, 1849, iii. p. 162). Charles was so incensed at the “monstrous intelligence,” as Clarendon terms it, that he immediately cashiered his nephew and ordered him to quit the kingdom. A letter from him on the subject to Nicholas is in Bray's Evelyn, iv. p. 163.

^{page 65 note a} Colonel of horse in Fairfax's army.

^{page 66 note a} Francis Cottington, Baron Cottington, Lord Treasurer, 3 Oct. 1645.

^{page 66 note b} This scheme was frustrated by the news of the defeat of Montrose by David Leslie at Philiphaugh on 13 Sept.

^{page 66 note c} Appointed Governor of Oxford, vice Col. William Legge, who was arrested merely “as a person much in the prince's (Rupert's) favour, and therefore like to be subservient to any of his commands” (Clarendon, p. 569). From the terms used by the King in his letter of 10 Oct. (Bray's Evelyn, iv. p. 167), this harsh treatment seems to have provoked remonstrance from Nicholas.

^{page 67 note a} Col. Henry Tillier, an officer under Rupert, and one of the commissioners for settling the articles of surrender.

^{page 67 note b} Surrendered to Fairfax by Lord Hastings on 18 Jan.

^{page 67 note c} Tilshead, between Salisbury and Devizes.

^{page 67 note d} Of Winterbourne Earls, co. Wilts, held by Nicholas, with the manor, on lease from the See of Salisbury.

^{page 68 note a} Youngest sister of Nicholas, baptised 7 July, 1613. Winterbourne Earls gave the title to a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral, held at this time by John Gregory.

^{page 68 note b} From endorsements, “Bro. Dirdo,” on letters of Dr. Matthew Nicholas further on it is probable that the letter here, as well as the enclosure, is really from Matthew Nicholas himself, writing in a feigned hand.

^{page 69 note a} Foxcott, near Andover, not far from Winterbourne Earls.

^{page 71 note a} For Sir Dudley Wyat had been sent expressly from the Lord Jermyn to assure the Prince that such a body of file thousand foot were actually raised under the command of Ruvignie, and should be embarked for Pendennis within less than a month‥…. And, after all this, it is as true that there was never a man at this time levied or designed for that expedition” (Clarendon, p. 593).

^{page 71 note b} Pomponne de Bellièvre, Seigneur de Grignon. He. came to London in July, 1646, but joined the Resident Jean de Montreuil at Newcastle in August, and remained there until Jan. 1647. He stayed in England till the following November.

^{page 72 note a} Ultimately ratified by the Treaty of Minister, 30 Jan. 1648.

^{page 72 note b} George Goring, cr. Baron Goring in 1628, and Earl of Norwich in 1646. He had been ambassador at the Hague.

^{page 72 note c} Diego Saavedra Faxardo, Spanish plenipotentiary at Munster. “Haunce” is perhaps Johan de Knuyt (see above, p. 44, where his name appears as “Knuts”). He was Dutch plenipotentiary at Munster, and, according to Bougéant, Hist, du Traité de Westphalie, 1767, vol. iii. p. 126, was “l'âme de la faction contraire aux desseins de la France.”

^{page 73 note a} This letter is written in lemon-juice or sympathetic ink on the inside of a sheet, the first page of which contains a fictitious letter respecting a consignment of serge. Though it professes to be from “Rob. Thomson, sen.” to “Gyles Robinson,” the hand is that of Nich. Oudart, and it is evidently addressed to Sir E. Nicholas. The cipher used in it has fortunately been preserved in Egerton MS. 2550, f. 52. The writer, who was a native of Mechlin, came to England with Sir H. Wotton, and took the degree of M.A. at Oxford 13 Aug. 1626. After being secretary to Sir W. Boswell, Resident at the Hague, he returned to Oxford, and was made M.B. 30 Jan. 1642. He then became Secretary to Nicholas, and remained with him until the surrender of Oxford, when Nicholas gave him a flattering testimonial, 20 June, 1646 (B. M., Add. Ch. 4892). His exact position at this time does not appear, but later in 1647 he was acting as secretary to Charles (Bray, Evelyn, iv. p. 183), and he attended him in 1648 in the Isle of Wight, where ho was employed to write the King's confidential letters to his son (Warwick, Memoirs, 1703, p. 325). His Diary of the Newport conferences in Oct.—Nov. 1648, is printed in Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, 1779, ii. p. 387. Subsequently he was Secretary to Mary, Princess of Orange (who made him one of her executors), Latin Secretary to William, Prince of Orange, and Charles II., and Clerk of the Signet. He was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey, 21 Dec. 1681 (Chester, Westin. Abbey Registers, p. 204). Extracts from this and his other letters below are among the Clarendon State Papers (Calendar, i. pp. 361, seqq.), but the writer's name is not given.

^{page 74 note a} “Vox Plebis, or the People's Outcry against oppression, injustice, and tyranny, wherein the liberty of the subject is asserted, Magna Charta briefly but pithily expounded,” etc. Thomason's copy is dated 19 Nov. 1646.

^{page 74 note b} Presented to Parliament on 16 Feb. (L.J., ix. p. 18); urging the settlement of the Church-government in accordance with the Covenant, the preservation of the King, the disbandment of the army, and the regulation of the Excise.

^{page 74 note c} “337 = Edw. Andrews,” in the key; probably the Edw. Andrews of Gray's Inn, whose name heads Dring's Catalogue of Compounders, 1655.

^{page 74 note d} Denzil Holies, M.P. for Dorchester, Sir Philip Stapleton, M.P, for Boroughbridge, and Sir William Lewis, Bart., M.P. for Petersfield, three of the “Eleven Members” who were impeached by the army, and who withdrew from the House on 26 June.

^{page 75 note a} Stormed by the Royalists on 31 May, 1645, but retaken by Fairfax, after Naseby, on 18 June. The excesses of the King's troops stirred the indignation of Clarendon, as well as of writers on the other side (p. 552).

^{page 75 note b} An order of the Commissioners with the King forbidding resort to him for cure of the King's Evil was issued at Leeds on 9 Feb. (L.J., ix. p. 6).

^{page 76 note a} Sir Peter Killegrew, sent by Parliament with the answer to the Scotch declaration of 16 Jan. (L.J., viii. p. 691).

^{page 76 note b} James, Duke of York, now 14 years of age, and, with the Princess Elizabeth and Duke of Gloucester, under the charge of the Earl of Northumberland.

^{page 76 note c} Afterwards under the cipher “374,” which, according to the key, stands for “Carr 1.” Probably Mary, Lady Carr, is meant, daughter of Sir Rich. Gargrave, of Nostell, and wife of Sir Robert Carr, 2nd Bart., of Sleaford (Trollope, Sleaford, p. 132). The Earl of Northumberland was a great friend of the family in its misfortunes.

^{page 77 note a} Robert, Lord Bruce, son of Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin. Either he or his father is highly eulogised by Sir P. Warwick, who gives a signal instance of his “faire dealing” with Nicholas (Memoirs, p. 169).

^{page 77 note b} Youngest son of Sir Edward Villiers, elder brother of the 1st Duke of Buckingham.

^{page 77 note c} Philip Sydney, Viscount Lisle, succ. as 3rd Earl of Leicester in 1677; appointed Lord Lieutenant, 21 Jan. (C. J., iv. p. 413).

^{page 77 note a} 2nd Bart., of Steeple Bumpstead, co. Essex, succ. in 1636. His appointment was agreed to by the two Houses, on the petition of the Levant Company, on 28, 29 Jan. (C. J., v. pp. 67, 68); and he continued ambassador at Constantinople until 1662.

^{page 78 note a} William Murray, Gentleman of the Bedchamber; cr. Earl of Dysart in 1646.

^{page 78 note b} The same, perhaps, as the “Mrs. Whorwood” who was so active in furtheringthe attempted escape of Charles from Carisbrooke (Hillier, K. Charles in the I. of Wight, p. 130, etc.) She was Jane, dan. of Will, Rider, Harbinger to James I., and wife of Brome Whorwood, of Sandwell, in W. Bromwich, co. Staff.

^{page 78 note c} Of Llanherne, co. Caerm.; cr. Bart, in 1627, and sent ambassador to Turkey in 1638 (Eg. MS. 2541, f. 204). His treatment of his successor was made the subject of a pamphlet entitled Nerves from Turkie, [9 May], 1648.

^{page 78 note d} Thomas Neville in the key; he seems to have been a cousin of Sir E. Nicholas.

^{page 79 note a} This letter has not been preserved, but a copy of it is apparently among the Clar. State Papers (Calendar, p. 303, No. 2452). For extracts from the letter of 4 Mar., see ibid. p. 365.

^{page 79 note b} Sir Henry Compton, of Brambletye, co. Suss., late M.P. for East Grinstead. There is a cipher for him in Eg. MS. 2550, f. 34, as “ambassador to Portugal.”

^{page 79 note c} These initials are interlined over the cipher-number 523, which in the key stands for Philip Warwick. So W. T. below, over 524, for Thomas Webb.

^{page 79 note d} Antonio de Souza, Portuguese Resident in London and a partisan of Charles (J. Bruce, Charles I. in 1646, p. 1, note).

^{page 79 note e} Basil Feilding, succ. as 2nd Earl in 1643; Commissioner with the King from the House of Lords in conjunction with Montague and Pembroke.

^{page 79 note f} Edward Montague, succ. as 2nd Baron Montague of Boughton in 1644.

^{page 80 note a} Leave was granted him to come from Holmby on account of sickness on 23 Feb., but on the 28th he had had a relapse and was too ill to be moved (C.J., v. p. 96). He died in 1650.

^{page 80 note b} Sir Walter Earle, M.P. for Weymouth, one of the Commissioners with the King from the Commons.

^{page 81 note a} 525 = Charles Whitaker; one of the persons allowed to be with the King at Carisbrooke, 2 Sept. 1618 (Walker, Treaty of Newport, 1705, p. 8).

^{page 82 note a} Henry Frederic Howard, cr. Baron Mowbray and Maltravers in 1639; succ. his father as Earl of Arundel, Surrey, and Norfolk in 1646.

^{page 82 note b} Arthur Capel, cr. Baron Capel in 1641; taken prisoner at the surrender of Colchester, and beheaded 9 Mar. 1649.

^{page 82 note c} George, Lord Goring, the writer's eldest son; the General Goring of the Civil War. He entered the Spanish service and died before his father in 1662.

^{page 83 note a} Leopold William, brother of the Emperor Ferdinand III., recently appointed Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (C. J., 21 May, v. p. 181).

^{page 84 note a} John Ashburnham. The letter is printed in the Lords' Journals, 21 May, ix. p. 203. See also Ashburnham's Narrative, 1830, ii. p. 164.

^{page 84 note b} Col. Sir Robert Pye, junior. Both he and Col. Richard Graves, who commanded the guard in charge of the King, belonged to the small minority of officers who favoured the Parliament in their contest with the Army (Whitelock, ed. 1732, p. 249).

^{page 84 note c} See Com. Journals, 20 May, v. p. 179.

^{page 85 note a} Late Remembrancer of the Exchequer; discharged of his office “for deserting the Parliament” in Aug. 1644 (Whitelock, p. 97). He was created Viscount Fanshawe in 1661.

^{page 85 note b} The “Huntons” were cousins of Nicholas, as appears from accounts between him and T. Neville relating to them in Eg. MS. 2558, f. 17. “Redin” probably means “Reading.”

^{page 85 note c} The Earl of Norwich. He came to London in the course of the year (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. i. p. 402); and, after heading the rising in Kent in 1648, was taken prisoner at the surrender of Colchester, when he only escaped execution by the casting vote of the Speaker.

^{page 85 note d} Probably Jasper Cornelius, of Southampton, an active Royalist agent (Hoskins, Pr. Charles in the Channel Islands, ii. p. 245).

^{page 85 note e} Col. Richard Norton, M.P. for Hants; afterwards member of the Council of State.

^{page 85 note f} Sir George Carteret, Comptroller of the Navy at the outbreak of the Civil War; made Lieut.-Governor of Jersey under Sir Thomas Jermyn in 1643, in succession to his uncle, Sir Philip Carteret.

^{page 86 note a} The Earl of Norwich.

^{page 86 note b} “Resolved that the General's regiment be first disbanded; that the time for that disbanding be on Tuesday next, the 1st of June; and that the town of Chelmsford be the place of the rendezvous” (L. J., 27 May, ix. p. 207).

^{page 87 note a} Col. Thomas Rainsborough. His proposition for reducing Jersey was approved by the Commons on 23 Apr. (C. J., r. p. 154); but the orders were countermanded on 28 May (Whitelock, p. 249).

^{page 87 note b} Isaac Basire, D.D., Prebendary of Durham, Archdeacon of Northumberland, and Chaplain to Charles I. In the course of this year he left Rouen on a prolonged tour for the purpose of spreading the doctrines of the English Church in the East.

^{page 88 note a} Earl of Loudoun.

^{page 88 note b} “466, Ant. Jackson” in a cipher in Egert. MS. 2550, f. 5, endorsed by Nicholas “My second cipher with the King, Aug. 1647”; doubtless the Anthony Jackson, of the Middle Temple, who was knighted at Breda in 1650 (Brit. Mus., Add. MS. 32102. f. 84 b). He accompanied Charles II. to Scotland, and was taken prisoner at Worcester. He was sent to the Tower, 3 Nov. 1651; and was ordered to be banished, 1 Sept. 1654 (Cal. St. Pap., 1654, pp. 273, 353). A petition from him (ibid. p. 18) is noted “Herald that proclaimed C[harles] S[tuart].”

^{page 89 note a} This is the letter of advice to which Nicholas refers in his letter to the King of the same date (Cal. Clar. St. Pap., i. p. 426). It must have somehow been returned to the writer, as it appears to be the actual letter sent and not a draft or copy.

^{page 90 note a} Christopher Hatton, cr. Baron Hatton in 1643. His letters to Nicholas are mostly written under the pseudonyms “Charles Parker” and “Simon Smith,” but the handwriting is unmistakeable.

^{page 90 note b} i.e., at the meeting of Prince Charles and the members of the King's Council held at Calais in July, following upon the defection of the Parliamentary fleet under Rainsborough. Hatton's account of the jealousies and intrigues among the Royalist leaders may be compared with Clarendon's History, ed. 1843, p. 646.

^{page 91 note a} Sir Richard Lane, made Lord Keeper, on the death of Lord Littleton, 30 Aug. 1645. He died in 1650.

^{page 91 note b} Sir Ralph Hopton, cr. Baron Hopton in 1643.

^{page 91 note c} Robert Long, younger son of Sir Walter Long, of Draycot, Knt.; cr. a Bart, in 1662.

^{page 92 note a} William Crofts, of Saxham, co. Suff., cr. Baron Crofts in 1658 ; Captain of the Guard to Henrietta Maria.

^{page 93 note a} Dr. Stephen Goffe, or Gougb, “a man well known in that time as the chief agent and confidant of my Lord Jermyn” (Clarendon, ed. 1843, p. 648). He was of Merton College, Oxford, and M.A. in 1627; and at one time was a Royal Chaplain. Afterwards, however, he became a Roman Catholic, and joined the Oratorians of Paris (Wood, Athenœ, i. p. 494 ; Bray, Evelyn's Diary, ed. 1850, i.p.19).

^{page 93 note b} The dramatist and Poet Laureate; he had been knighted at Oxford in Sept. 1643.

^{page 94 note a} Edward Walsingham, described by Nicholas in a letter to Ormonde, 8 Feb. , as “Lord Digby's intimate servant,” and “a great babbler of all his most secret employments” (Carte, Ormonde Papers, i. p. 206). Lord Byron also calls him “a pragmatical knave” (ibid. p. 217).

^{page 94 note b} Perhaps the “Captain Griffin,” residing near Dieppe, whose name occurs later in the Correspondence.

^{page 95 note a} Filon, a term in French argot explained by Littré as a “voleur qui emploie l'adresse.”

^{page 95 note b} Perhaps a mistake of the writer for 653, i.e. Nicholas himself.

^{page 96 note a} Pembroke surrendered to Cromwell, 11 July, 1648; and Colchester to Fairfax, 28 Aug.

^{page 96 note b} George Villiers, succ. as 2nd Duke in 1628. His futile rising in Surrey, with the Earl of Holland and others, at the beginning of July, 1648, was speedily put down, costing the life of Lord Francis Villiers, his brother, in the field, and that of Holland on the scaffold.

^{page 97 note a} Sir John Berkeley, youngest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley, of Bruton, co. Som.; cr. Baron Berkeley, of Stratton, in 1658. He was made governor to the Duke of York during the absence of Lord Byron in England.

^{page 97 note b} Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Charles Montague, of Boughton.

^{page 97 note c} Of Hackney, and Loudham Hall, co. Suff.; Treasurer of the Household to Henrietta Maria.

^{page 98 note a} At Lens, 20 Aug. when Condé defeated the Archduke Leopold.

^{page 98 note b} John, Baron Beck, General Field-Marshal. He was removed to Arras and there died of his wounds.

^{page 98 note c} Charles Albert de Longueval, Count de Bucquoy, General of Cavalry in the Spanish service.

^{page 98 note d} Furnes, between Dunkirk and Dixmude.

^{page 99 note a} Known in the French Memoirs of the period as the “Journée des Barricades.”

^{page 99 note b} Pierre Bronssel, “Conseiller Clerc” of the Parliament of Paris, 1637. Ke was made Governor of the Bastille in 1649, and Préyôt des Marchands in 1651.

^{page 99 note c} Charles de la Porte, Duc de la Meilleraie.

^{page 100 note a} Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, archbishop of Corinth, and coadjutor to his uncle, the archbishop of Paris; afterwards Cardinal de Retz. His own Mémoires contain a graphic account of his interposition “Je sortis en rochet et camail, et je ne fus pas au Marché-Neuf que je fus accablé d'une foule de peuple qui hurloit plutôt qu'il ne crioit,” etc. (ed. 1859, i. p. 155).

^{page 100 note b} Nicolas Potier, seigneur de Novion, succeeded André Potier his father as President in 1645. “Blamine” is René Potier, Seigneur de Blancmesnil, President “aux Enquêtes.” Other accounts speak of the latter only as being arrested.

^{page 100 note c} Pierre Séguier.

^{page 102 note a} Henri de Lorraine, son of Charles, Due d'Elbœuf; Grand Ecuyer of France.

^{page 106 note a} He apparently means the “Abbot Crely,” or Crelly; see Edw. Walsingham's letter to Ormonde, 16 Sept. (Orm. Papers, ii. p. 354), and Meynell to Cottington, Jan. 1650, “O'Neil employed one abbot Crelly, an Irish Cistercian Monk, to Paris to the Queen (Clar. State Papers, ii. p. 509). Perhaps the same as Philip Crolly, who was appointed Vicar-Apostolic of Clogher diocese in 1650.

^{page 107 note a} Elizabeth Hatton, wife of Sir Anthony Aucher, of Bourne, co. Kent, who was cr. a Bart, in 1666.

^{page 108 note a} Probably John Dove, alderman of Salisbury; M.P. for Salisbury, 16 Oct. 1645, in place of Serj. Robert Hyde, disabled. He was named one of the King's judges, but did not attend the trial (Notes and Queries, 6 July, 1872).

^{page 108 note b} Sir John Evelyn, of West Dean, co. Wilts, M.P. for Ludgershall in the Long Parliament.

^{page 108 note c} Edmund Ryves, of Luckington, co. Som., married Mary, sister of Sir Edward Nicholas, 19 Aug. 1623; and John Ryres, their son, was baptised 16 Sept. 1624. (Egert. MS. 2558, f. 33.) The name is in the list of persons allowed to attend the King, 2 Sept. 1648 (Walker, Treaty of Newport, p. 8).

^{page 109 note a} The manor was assigned at the sale of Church lands, 28 Sept. 1650, to John Dove for £838 6s. 11¾d. (Collectanea Topogr. and Geneal. i. p. 291).

^{page 111 note a} For the part he had taken in the escape of Charles from Hampton Court he had been imprisoned at Windsor, 19 May, 1648, but was exchanged, as “the most considerable prisoner in the kingdom,” for Sir W. Masham, 7 Aug. (Rushworth, vii. p. 1218). He was, however, refused permission to attend the King at Newport (C. J., 31 Aug., v. p. 694), and his name inserted in the list of delinquents to be excepted from pardon on 13 Oct. (Walker, Treaty of Newport, p. 57). He himself compounded for £772 10s. (Dring, Cat. of Compounders, 1655).

^{page 112 note a} Son of Sir Bevil Grenville, of Stowe; cr. Earl of Bath in 1661. He was appointed Governor of Scilly in Nov. 1648 (Orm. Papers, i. p. 170). The island had been surrendered to the Parliament on 25 Aug. 1646, but was recovered for the Royalists by a rising of the inhabitants in Sept. 1648.

^{page 117 note a} Henry Percy, younger son of Henry, 9th Earl of Northumberland ; cr. Baron Percy of Alnwick in 1643. He was made Governor of Guernsey in this year.

^{page 117 note b} Henry Wilmot, 2nd Viscount Wilmot; cr. Earl of Rochester in 1652.

^{page 118 note a} Dr. Richard Steward or Stewart, “Dean of the King's Chapel, whom his Majesty had recommended to his son to instruct him in all matters relating to the Church” (Clarendon, p. 649). He was Prebendary of Worcester, 1629, and Provost of Eton, 1639; and during the Civil War was nominally appointed Dean of St. Paul's and of Westminster.

^{page 118 note b} This story figures in Clarendon: “There was a woman at the Hague, of the middling rank, who, being with child, with the horror of the mention of it, fell into travail and in it died” (p. 704).

^{page 120 note a} An extract from a letter of Hatton to Nicholas of this date will be found in Orm. Papers, i. p. 235.

^{page 120 note b} Charles II. was proclaimed King at Edinburgh on 5 Feb.

^{page 120 note c} “Old William Murray ‥‥ employed here by Argyle” (Lord Byron from the Hague, 30 Mar., Orm. Papers, i. p. 238).

^{page 124 note a} a He was a persona grata at Madrid, both as a Catholic and as a former agent and ambassador there for many years (Clarendon, p. 754).

^{page 125 note a} Secretary to Sir Edward Hyde.

^{page 125 note b} Their Secret Instructions, dat. 24 May, are in Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 481.

^{page 126 note a} Richard Harding, Groom of the Bedchamber; the “reverent Dick Harding” of the Queen of Bohemia's letters to Nicholas in 1654 (Bray's Evelyn, iv. p. 213, etc.)

^{page 126 note b} The Earl of Cassilis, George Winram, Laird of Libberton, and others from the Estates, with Robert Baillie, etc., from the Kirk (see Baillie's Letters, iii. p. 458).

^{page 126 note c} William Hamilton, Earl of Lanark, now 2nd Duke of Hamilton on the execution of James, his elder brother, on 9 Mar. 1649. He died of wounds received at Worcester, 12 Sept. 1651.

^{page 127 note a} George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth, suco. in 1633. William Hay, 3rd Earl of Kinnoull, succ. in 1644.

^{page 127 note b} English Resident at the Hague since 1633. He died in 1650 (Cal, Clar.St. Pap. ii. p. 68).

^{page 128 note a} So Clarendon: “All which was done before he heard from the QueeD his mother” (History, p. 704).

^{page 128 note b} Sir Richard Lane, Lord Keeper.

^{page 129 note a} John Denliam, author of “Cooper's Hill,” son of Sir John Denham, Baron of the Exchequer; cr. K.B. at the Coronation of Charles II.

^{page 131 note a} Groom of the Bedchamber; second son of Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., of Bury Pomeroy.

^{page 132 note a} Sir George Strode, Knt., of Squeries, co. Kent. He compounded for 2,814l (Dring, p. 109).

^{page 133 note a} Mary, Princess of Orange, to whom Oudart was now acting as Secretary.

^{page 135 note 1} Dr. Isaac Dorislaus, Judge Advocate of the Parliamentary Army ; sent as Envoy to the Hague in May, 1649, and there murdered by Royalists. The view of the crime taken by Nicholas is plainly expressed in a letter to Ormonde, in which he speaks of “ the deserved execution of that bloody villain Dorislaus ” (Orm. Pap. i. p. 291). He had, in fact, himself indirectly instigated the murder during a previous residence of Dorislaus at the Hague, and before his action as prosecuting counsel on the trial of Charles I., in a letter to Hatton, Jan. 164, “ I marvel that none of the Ranters about Pr: Charles do cut the throats of Strickland and Dorislaus, the Parliaments [agents] in Holland ” (B. M., Add. MS. 4180, f. 7b).

^{page 136 note a} Sir Henry de Vic, of Guernsey, Resident at Brussels ; cr. Bart. 2 Sept. 1649. At the Restoration he was made Secretary for Foreign Tongues, Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, etc.

^{page 137 note a} M.P. for Liskeard in 1640, but disabled 22 Jan. 1644; author of Eikon Aklastos, 1651. He had been Royalist Commissioner in Cornwall, and was now appointed to some post under Grenville at Scilly. Hyde has recorded his “ extraordinary good opinion ” of his abilities (Clar. State Papers, iii. p. 246).

^{page 138 note a} This is a carefully-written copy by Nicholas of a paper sent to him by Hyde for the King, 30 Sept. 1649 (Clar. St. Pap., iii. p. 5).

^{page 147 note a} “Mr. Welworth,” a pseudonym, in Nicholas's summary on the back of the letter.

^{page 147 note b} John Ayton or Aytoun, nephew and heir of Sir Robert Ayton, Master of Requests, etc.

^{page 148 note a} John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1615–1639. His History of the Church and State of Scotland was published at London, 1655, fol.

^{page 148 note b} Captain Robert Meade, Student of Christ Church in 1634, and M.D. in 1646 ; author of the comedy “Combat between Love and Friendship,” 1654 (Wood, Athenœ, iii. p. 342). He was at this time designed for a mission to Sweden. His instructions, dated Jersey, 11 Nov. 1649, are in Eg. MS. 2542, f. 17.

^{page 148 note c} Sir George Radcliffe, of Overthorpe, co. York, Secretary to Strafford in Ireland, knighted in 1633.

^{page 149 note a} Nicholas had just joined the King in Jersey. Writing immediately after to Hatton, Oct., he remarks, “ If I could have imagined that businesses of so vast importance and consequence had been managed with so little order, secrecy, and providence, I should not have made so much haste hither, where two or three honest men can do little or no good ” (B. M., Add. MS. 4180, f. 10b). In another letter, Oct., he writes, “ The King [is] yet unwilling to let it appear or be known that I am his secretary, because of some engagement I believe Co the Queen” (ibid.).

^{page 150 note a} Sir William Bellenden, of Broughton (see above, p. 3); recently returned from Sweden, where he had been left by the Earl of Brentford “ in the nature of an agent for our King,” Nicholas to Ormonde, 11 Sept. (Orm. Papers, i. p. 311).

^{page 151 note a} Patrick Ruthven, cr. Lord Ruthven of Ettrick in 1639, Earl of Forth in 1642, and Earl of Brentford after the battle of Brentford, in 1644 ; one of the oldest and most experienced of the Royalist generals, having been trained in the service of Gustavus of Sweden. He died in 1651.

^{page 151 note b} “ The K. saith the E. of Brentfords private treaty with the Scots rebels is not without his Majesties privity, who is assured there will be no prejudice thereby to him,” Nich. to Hatton, 23 Oct. (B. M., Add. MS. 4180, f. 11).

^{page 151 note c} Alexander Fraser, M.D. of Montpellier in 1635, and of Cambridge in 1637 ; F.R.C.P., 23 Nov. 1641. He accompanied Charles to Scotland as his physician in 1650, but was ordered by the Committee of Estates on 27 Sept. to quit the Court within twenty-four hours.

^{page 153 note a} Treasurer of the Household of Charles II.

^{page 154 note a} Youngest son of Lord Keeper Coventry ; Secretary to the Duke of York after the Restoration, and knighted in 1665. He is identified as the writer by Birch's extract from Nicholas's reply, “ Dec., to M^r Coventry: ‘ K. approves of the Proposition sent M^r Cov. by Sir Gilbert Talbot for a fixt Council in England to be named by his Majesty’” (Add. MS. 4180, f. 11b).

^{page 155 note a} Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Salwarpe, co. Worc.; knighted at Oxford, 5 Jan. 164. He had been Resident, etc., at Venice, 1637–1645, and Gentleman of the Chamber to Charles I.

^{page 158 note a} “ I have heard of other such like practises of my old servant Oudart as that which you mention to be used by him to Sir K. Brown. Such pranks will in a little time discover he is much of the humour and conditions of his new master M^r Long,” Nich. to Hatton, 29 Dec. (Add. MS. 4180, f. 11b).

^{page 158 note b} The Declaration dated at Jersey, 21 Oct. 1649, announcing his determination to avenge his father's murder, etc.

^{page 158 note c} John Berkenhead or Birkenhead, Fellow of All Souls in 1640 by the favour of Laud, and knighted, probably, in 1649. He was writer of the Royalist Mercurius Aulicus. Perhaps, however, his brother, Isaac Berkenhead is meant.

^{page 158 note d} Anne, daughter of Lord Keeper Coventry, and widow of Sir William Savile, Bart., of Thornhill, co. York.

^{page 159 note a} John Cosin, Dean of Peterborough in 1640; made Bishop of Durham in 1660. His difficulties as Protestant Chaplain to the Royalists at Paris are enlarged upon by Clarendon, ed. 1843, p. 757.

^{page 160 note a} Charlotte de Montmorency, widow of Henry II. Prince de Condé, who died in 1646 ; in early youth the object of the infatuated passion of Henry IV., whose daughter's necessities she now relieved in so eccentric a manner. She died in the following year.

^{page 165 note a} Henry, youngest son of Charles I.; now nearly ten years of age. With his sister, Princess Elizabeth, he was at this time under the charge of the Countess of Leicester at Penshurst, but they were both removed to Carisbrooke in the following July.

^{page 165 note b} A report by Lord Hatton, Sir Rich. Browne, Dean Cosin, and Dr. Geo. Morley concerning a French translation of the “ Eikon Basilike,” with an objectionable preface, by one F. de Marsys, is in Eg. MS. 2547, f. 5, dated 4 Jan. 1650. It is printed, with other papers in the Nicholas Collection relating to the subject, in Mr. Edw. Scott's introduction to the reprint of the Eikon, 1880.

^{page 167 note a} Antoine Le Brun, one of the Spanish negociators of the Treaty of Munster. He died in 1654.

^{page 167 note b} Owen Roe O'Neill, leader of the Catholics of Ulster.

^{page 167 note c} Murrough O'Brien, 6th Baron Inchiquin ; cr. Earl of Inchiquin in 1654. He was now Royalist President of Munster, having held the same office under the Parliament down to the beginning of 1649.

^{page 171 note a} Charles Gerard, cr. Baron Gerard in 1645, and Earl of Macclesfield in 1679.

^{page 171 note b} Younger brother of Sir Bevil Grenville. He had been Major-General of the army in the West during the Civil War; and Clarendon has much to say of his character and conduct in command (History, pp. 504, 544, etc.). See also Lord Beauchamp's letter below, p. 180.

^{page 172 note a} Anthony Ascham, appointed agent for the Republic at Hamburg in Aug. 1649, and Resident at Madrid in June, 1659. He was murdered by John Guillim, William Spark, and other Royalists the day after his arrival.

^{page 173 note a} William Cavendish, 1st Marquis of Newcastle. With Hamilton and Buckingham, he had recently been sworn of the King's Council (Cal. Clar. State Papers, ii. p. 53).

^{page 173 note b} Sir Edward Herbert.

^{page 174 note a} Elizabeth, daughter of William Feilding, Earl of Denbigh, and widow of Lewis Boyle, Viscount Boyle of Kynalmeaky, who was killed in action in 1642; cr. Countess of Guildford in 1660.

^{page 175 note a} Sir James King; cr. Lord Eythin in the peerage of Scotland in 1642. He had served under Gustavus of Sweden, and acted as Lieut.-General of the Royalist army commanded by Newcastle. A warrant for his commission as Lieut.-General under Montrose was issued at Breda, Mar. 1650 (Cal. State Papers, 1650, p. 53).

^{page 178 note a} Henry Seymour, eldest son of William, 1st Marquis of Hertford ; died before his father, in 1656. See a letter from Charles II. to the Pr. of Orange in Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 546, “ A mixt party of my father's old friends, and of the Presbyterians, are now ready to rise for me in the West of England; the Marquis of Hertford and his son, the Lord Beauchamp, are the chief, and all the considerable Presbyterians join with them.” Long and interesting reports by Col. Keane on the design are in Cal. of State Papers, for 1650, pp. 47, 152.

^{page 178 note b} John Seymour, son of Sir Edward and brother of Henry Seymour.

^{page 179 note a} Henry Arundel, succ. as 3rd Baron Arundel of Wardour in 1648.

^{page 179 note b} Sir John Arundel, of Lanherne, co. Cornwall, knighted 3 Aug. 1644; the representative of an elder branch of the same family as the Arundels of Wardour.

^{page 180 note a} George Bruges or Brydges, succ. as 6th Baron Chandos in 1621.

^{page 181 note a} Edward Massey, famous for his defence of Gloucester for the Parliament in 1643; one of the “Eleven Members” impeached by the army in June, 1647, and finally “disabled to sit” on 27 Jan. 1650, soon after which he openly joined the Royalists. One of his services as a Parliamentarian officer was the capture, in 1642, of Sudeley Castle belonging to Lord Chandos.

^{page 182 note a} “ For when the King went to Jersey in order to his journey into Ireland, and at the same time that he sent the Chancellor of the Exchequer into Spain, he sent likewise the Lord Colepepper into Moscow, to borrow money of that duke” (Clarendon, History, p. 778).

^{page 188 note a} John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis, succ. in 1615 ; Commissioner from the Scotch Parliament and Kirk to the King at Breda in 1649 and 1650. Charles had landed in Scotland on 4 July, N.S.

^{page 190 note a} She died a month later, 8 Sept. 1650.

^{page 191 note a} Theobald Taaffe, succ. as 2nd Viscount Taaffe in 1643; cr. Earl of Carlingford in 1661.

^{page 191 note b} Heber MacMahon, Bishop of Clogher in 1643; made General of the Royal forces in Ulster by Ormonde in April, 1650, but defeated by Sir C. Coote on 20 June and the next day taken prisoner and hanged.

^{page 194 note a} “763 ” ; the text has “ 767,” deciphered “ reformed.”

^{page 194 note b} Thomas Eliot, Groom of the Bedchamber to the King—“ whom the king's father had sent into France at the same time that he resolved that the Prince should go for the West, and for no other reason but that he should not attend upon his son …. with whom he thought he had too much credit and would use it ill ” (Clarendon, p. 720).

^{page 194 note c} Henry Killigrew, of Christ Church, Oxford, D.D. in 1642, youngest son of Sir Robert Killigrew ; chaplain to the Duke of York.

^{page 198 note a} 6 Nov. His son, afterwards King William III. was born 14 Nov. following.

^{page 199 note a} Thomas Winston, M.D. of Cambridge in 1608 ; F.R.C.P. and Prof. of Physic at Gresham College in 1615. He retired to France in 1642, but came back in 1652 and had his estate restored (Whitelock, p. 538).

^{page 200 note a} Clerk of the Council and Garter King of Arms. He accompanied Charles to Scotland as Receiver-General (Balfour, iv. p. 83), but was among the number of his attendants who were ordered to quit the kingdom as having formerly “ served in arms against the cause” (see his own “Journal of Affairs in Scotland, 1650,” Hist. Discourses, p. 161).

^{page 200 note b} Gen. John Middleton, cr. Earl of Middleton in 1660.

^{page 202 note a} The letter is written on the back of the same sheet as the letter preceding.

^{page 203 note a} The so-called “ Start,” by which Charles hoped to shake off the yoke of the Committee of Estates by joining his friends in the North. He secretly left St. Johnstone on 4th Oct., but was brought back to Perth on the 6th (Walker, Hist. Discourses, p. 197).

^{page 203 note b} Katherine, dau. of Thomas, Lord Wotton, and widow of Henry, Lord Stanhope, eldest son of the Earl of Chesterfield. Her present husband was John Poliander van Kirckhoven, Heer van Heenvliet, after whose death she married Col. Daniel O'Neile (mentioned below), Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles I. and II. She was governess to the young Princess of Orange.

^{page 204 note a} Emilia, dau. of John Albert, Count of Solms-Braunsfeld, and widow of Frederic Henry, Prince of Orange.

^{page 205 note a} Sir Henry Hyde, 5th son of Sir Laurence Hyde, of West Hatch, co. Wilts; beheaded on 5 Mar. 1651 “ for sundry treasons and crimes …. against the Commonwealth” (Whitelock, p. 489), In his instructions, 19 Sept. 1649, he is described as “ Consul for Greece and the islands thereof ” (B. M., Egert. MS. 2542, f. 9).

^{page 206 note a} Groom of the Bedchamber ; ordered to quit the kingdom like Dr. Fraser and Nich. Oudart by the Committee of Estates on 27 Sept.

^{page 206 note b} Col. Elisha, or Ellis, Leighton, son of Alexander Leighton, M.D., and younger brother of Robert Leighton, afterwards Archbishop of Glasgow. He became a Roman Catholic in 1652 (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 162), and was knighted at Brussels in Apr. 1659, being then “ servant [secretary] to the Duke of Tork” (B. M., Add. MS. 32102, f. 84b). North, Examen, 1740, p. 480, and Burnet, Hist. of his Own Time, 1724, i. p. 136, give a most unfavourable character of him. After the Restoration he was Secretary to the Prize Court, and Pepys, who mentions him several times, speaks of him, at second hand, as having been “ a mad freaking fellow ” (ed. Bright, iii. p. 109). His father (see below, p. 212) was the victim of an inhuman sentence in the Star Chamber in 1630, and was imprisoned for life in the Fleet. He was, however, released by order of Parliament in June, 1641, and was subsequently made keeper of the prison at Lambeth House.

^{page 207 note a} See above, p. 137, note.

^{page 207 note b} He was left at Paris with the Queen when Charles went to Scotland, but against her wishes had gone to Brussels to visit the Duke of Lorraine (Clarendon, p. 755).

^{page 208 note a} See a “ List of his Majesties Servants ” in Balfour, iv. p. 83.

^{page 208 note b} Col. Gilbert Carr, or “ one Mr. Campbell ” (Walker, p. 177).

^{page 208 note c} Lady Isabella Thynne, dau. of Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, and wife of Sir James Thynne.

^{page 208 note d} George Morley, Canon of Christ Church, 1641 ; made Dean of Christ Church and Bishop of Worcester in 1660, and Bishop of Winchester in 1662.

^{page 213 note a} Richard Fanshawe, son of Sir Henry Fanshawe, of Ware Park, co. Herts.; afterwards a Bart. He had been secretary to Charles II. when Prince of Wales in 1645, and was again appointed secretary to the King in Scotland, 2 Apr. 1651 (B.M. Egert. MS. 2542, f. 72). He accompanied Charles into England, and was taken prisoner at Worcester. Hatton's mother was Alice Fanshawe, half sister to Sir Henry.

^{page 215 note a} For the answer to this letter see Ormonde Papers, i. p. 400.

^{page 216 note a} Col. Roger Burgess, appointed Lieut.-Governor of Guernsey by the Governor, Lord Percy, in Oct. 1649. He surrendered Castle Cornet to Adm. Blake on 15 Dec. 1651.

^{page 217 note a} Sir Peter Osborne, of Chicksand, co. Bedford; Lieut.-Governor of Guernsey under his brother-in-law, the Earl of Danby, for twenty-eight years. He was succeeded by Sir Baldwin Wake, 4 May, 1646 (Hoskins, Charles II. in the Channel Islands, i. p. 391).

^{page 219 note a} Abraham Cowley, the poet, who, since his retirement from Oxford before its surrender, had been in France, with Lord Jermyn. His name generally appears as “ Mr. Cooley.”

^{page 220 note a} Second son of Henry Montague, 1st Earl of Manchester. He became a Roman Catholic in 1631, and was afterwards made Abbé of St. Martin's, near Pontoise, and Almoner to Queen Henrietta Maria.

^{page 221 note a} Whenever Nicholas is mentioned in the third person the name in the original was no doubt written in cipher.

^{page 221 note b} Silas Titus, Groom of the Bedchamber, formerly captain in the Parliamentary service ; reputed author of Killing no Murder, 1657. One object of his mission to Paris was to learn the Queen's opinion on a project of marriage between Charles and a daughter of Argyle (Hillier, Charles I. in the Isle of Wight, 1852, p. 324).

^{page 222 note a} The Princes of Condé and Conti and the Duke of Longueville were released on 13 Feb., and, as a consequence, Mazarin had withdrawn into temporary exile.

^{page 222 note b} John Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, 1634 ; Archbishop of Armagh, 1661.

^{page 223 note a} Printed in Ormonde Papers, i. p. 407.

^{page 223 note b} Sir Nicholas Barnewall, of Turvey, was cr. Viscount Barnewall of Kingsland in 1646.

^{page 226 note a} Robert Monteith, called Salmonet from his birthplace in Stirlingshire; patronised by De Retz, who made him Canon of Notre Dame. He was author of a Hist, des troubles de la Gr. Bretagne, 1631–1650, Paris, 1661.

^{page 226 note b} Henry Holden, a native of Lancashire, educated at Douay, and a doctor of the Sorbonne ; author of Divinœ Fidei Analysis, Paris, 1652, etc.

^{page 227 note a} The preceding portion of this letter is identical with the “ Extract of a letter from Paris ” of 10 Mar. sent by Nicholas to Ormonde and printed in Orm. Pap. i. p. 425.

^{page 228 note a} Oliver St. John, and Walter Strickland, Members of the Council of State.

^{page 228 note b} Down to this point (but including a paragraph here omitted) this letter agrees with that printed in Orm. Pap. i. p. 433; but the rest of the two letters differs entirely. For the answer see Orm. Pap. p. 435.

^{page 231 note a} Doubtless Lord Beauchamp, son of the Marquis of Hertford, is meant.

^{page 233 note a} He was arrested in Jan. 1651 for advising the King, as he expressed it in his depositions, “to treatt with Cromwell for the one halff of his cloacke befor he lost the quhole,” but was released in a few days (Balfour, iv. pp. 238–246).

^{page 233 note b} It did not appear till 1699, under the title Memoirs of Sir John Berkeley.

^{page 234 note a} Isaac Berkenhead, brother of Sir John, taken prisoner while conveying dispatches between Charles II. in Scotland and the Earl of Derby.

^{page 234 note b} Described as of Gray's Inn (Peacock, Royalist Confiscation Acts, p. 30). Particulars of his committal to the Tower on 18 Mar. 1651, his escape and capture, and his examination will be found in the Cal. of St. Papers for 1651.

^{page 234 note c} For the answer see Orm,. Pap. i. p. 452.

^{page 238 note a} Of Ollantigh, co. Kent; married Joan, daughter of Sir Bevil Grenville. His estates were confiscated in this year (Peacock, Royalist Confiscation Acts, 1879, p. 24).

^{page 238 note b} Of Brasted, co. Kent, second son of Chief Justice Sir Robert Heath; made “of the King's Council” for dispatching warrants in 1653 (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. 279).

^{page 239 note a} This letter is in Cal. State Papers, p. 130.

^{page 239 note b} The “gentlemen of Kent” who had been arrested were released on bonds on 28 May (Ibid. p. 222).

^{page 242 note a} Col. Thomas Blagge, of Horningsheath, co. Suffolk; Groom of the Bedchamber.

^{page 242 note b} Charles III. Duke of Lorraine, succeeded in 1625. He was driven out of his duchy by the French in 1634, after which “he had retired to Brussels with his army which he kept up very strong, and served the King of Spain with it against the French ‥‥ by which he received great sums of money yearly from the Spaniard, and was sure very rich in money” (Clarendon, p. 718). Clarendon's further account of him and of his mode of life at Brussels is very curious. Negotiations were in progress for the marriage of the Duke of York to his daughter Anne, now a child about 12 years of age. She became the wife of Jules, Prince of Lillebonne, in 1660.

^{page 245 note a} He had married in 1621 Nicole de Lorraine, his cousin, daughter of Henry II. Duke of Lorraine, but had divorced her in 1637, and in the same year married Beatrix de Cusauce, widow of Eugene d'Oiselet, Prince of Chantecroix.

^{page 246 note a} This letter is undated, but is endorsed by Nicholas as received on May. For a letter from Hatton to Nicholas dated Apr., 1651, see Cal. of State Papers, p. 127.

^{page 248 note a} This allusion is probably to a certain “High German named Staiger ‥‥. Major to Lord Machelin” [Maitland], who had brought letters from Scotland to the Louvre and had then crossed to England, as it was suspected, with a traitorous design (Nicholas to Ormonde, 3 May, Orm. Papers, i. p. 454).

^{page 248 note b} Third son of Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton.

^{page 248 note c} Recorder of London, 1635–43. His daughter Mary was a Maid of Honour to Henrietta Maria, and in this year married Sir Henry Wood.

^{page 253 note a} Henry Leslie, Bishop of Down, 1635; translated to Meath in 1661.

^{page 253 note b} Surrendered to Adm. Blake, 23 May.

^{page 253 note c} An order for supplying him with “a convenient diet,” as not being able to snpport himself, was made by the Council of State on 20 June (Cal. St. Pap. p. 261). For some account of him see Notes and Queries, 1st Series, vol. vi. p. 419.

^{page 258 note a} He had succeeded hia father, Sir Thomas Jermyn, as Governor of Jersey, on a patent in reversion, in 1645.

^{page 262 note a} By Charles I. to the two Houses of Parliament from Holmby. See Lords Journals, ix. p. 193.

^{page 267 note a} At Worcester, on 3 Sept.

^{page 269 note a} The letter from “John ap Griffith,” printed in Bell's Mem. of the Civil War, ii. p. 125. The subject is further elucidated in a “Relation touching the calumnies of Lord Hatton [the “backbitinge lipps” referred to below] against Sir Richard Browne,” imputing to him Presbyterian leanings (Ibid. p. 305). For the answer O Nicholas to the present letter see Bell, p. 129.

^{page 270 note a} The same probably which is referred to in “Consideracions upon Mr. Fountaines proposicions to his Majestie for an acomodacion between episcopacy and presbitery,” Feb. 1650 (Egert. MS. 2534, f. 110).

^{page 271 note a} The headquarters of the French Huguenots. “Sunday the 6th [Mar. 1644], I went to Charenton, two leagues from Paris, to hear and see the manner of the French Protestant Church service” (Evelyn's Diary, i. p. 57).

^{page 271 note b} Anne, widow of William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton, who died in 1648. She had been governess to Henrietta youngest daughter of Charles I. since her birth at Exeter in 1644 (being then known as Lady Dalkeith), and had escaped with her charge to France in July, 1646.

^{page 274 note a} Probably Gaillon, in the Eure, between Evreux and the Seine.

^{page 274 note b} Thomas Wentworth, succ. as 4th Baron Wentworth. in 1597, and cr. Earl of Cleveland in 1625.

^{page 275 note a} William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafiord, rest, by patent, 1 Deo. 1641.

^{page 275 note b} He is described in the Confiscation Act, 1651, cap. 10, as “late of Colton, in the co. of the City of York” (Peacock, p. 1).

^{page 279 note a} Thomas Wentworth, eldest son of the Earl of Cleveland, called to the Upper House in his father's Barony of Wentworth in 1640.

^{page 280 note a} He was sent to the Tower on 13 Sept., but released on bail, “being certified to be in a deep scorbutic,” on 28 Nov. (Cal. St. Papers).

^{page 281 note a} Anne, dan. of Gaston, Dnke of Orleans, by his 1st wife, Marie of Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier. She died unmarried in 1693. On these projects of marriage for Charles and the Duke of York, see Clarendon, p. 783.

^{page 281 note b} Mary, dau. of Henry, Duke of Longueville, by his first wife, Louise of Bourbon, dau. of the Count of Soissons. She married Henry, Duke of Nemours, in 1657.

^{page 284 note a} Thomas Hobbes, whose “Leviathan” was published at London in 1651. He had been Charles's mathematical tutor. See Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 45.

^{page 284 note b} He died at Limerick, 15 Nov. 1651.

^{page 285 note a} For most of this paragraph see Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 47, note.

^{page 285 note b} He was deprived of his secretaryship (to which he had been reappointed on the King's return from Scotland) on his being accused by Col. Wogan of treasonable practices in 1646 (Hyde to Nicholas, 20 Jan. 165½, Clar, St. Pap. iii, 43). See also Wogan's narrative in Orm. Papers, i. 139.

^{page 286 note a} “And the envy and jealousy of all this [the ill-success of the siege of Gloucester in 1643] fell upon Sir John Colepepper, who was indeed of the opinion for the siege, but without doubt ‥… he believed there was very good reason for that engagement and was most free from any corrupt end, and of the most sincere fidelity” (Clarendon, p. 421).

^{page 287 note a} Viz. either to go to Paris or to meet the King elsewhere upon due notice (see Hyde's letter of 24 Feb. in Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 49).

^{page 288 note a} Sir William Macdougall or Macdowell, who succeeded Sir Will. Boswell as Resident at the Hague in 1650.

^{page 288 note b} See the proceedings of the Council of State, 20 April (Cal. St. Pap. p. 223).

^{page 288 note c} Col. Samuel Tuke, afterwards 2nd Bart., of Cressing Temple, co. Essex. His claims to wit are supported by his tragi-comedy “The Adventures of Five Hours,” 1662.

^{page 289 note a} Lord Colepeper, who had been appointed Master of the Rolls in 1643.

^{page 290 note a} Sir William Swan, of Southfleet, co. Kent, knighted at Breda in 1649; cr. a Bart, in 1666. He died English Resident at Hamburg, in 1678 (Archaeologia, xxxvii. p. 147).

^{page 291 note a} Lieut.-Col. John Lilburne, who had been ordered by Parliament on 15 Jan. 165½, to quit the kingdom (Commons' Journals, vii. p. 72).

^{page 294 note a} Gualter Frost, senior. He died shortly before 29 Mar. and was succeeded by John Thurloe (Cal. St. Pap. p. 198).

^{page 294 note b} Third son of Sir Tho. Mackworth, of Normanton, co. Rutl., Bart. He had served in the Netherlands, and had been Major-General to the Marquis of Newcastle and afterwards, in 1645, Governor of Langport, co. Som.

^{page 294 note c} Henry Bennet, knighted in 1657, when he was Secretary to the Duke of York; cr. Baron Arlington in 1664, and Earl of Arlington in 1672. He had already served as Secretary to Lord Digby, 1644–46 (Doyle, Official Baronage).

^{page 295 note a} In making Mr. Crofts a Gentleman of the Bedchamber. See Hyde's letter of 13 Apr. in Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 58.

^{page 296 note a} Charles Howard, Viscount Andover, eldest son of Thomas, 1st Earl of Berkshire; succ. as 2nd Earl in 1669. He had been called to the Upper House as Baron Howard of Charleton in 1640.

^{page 297 note a} Thomas Holder, Admiralty agent for the King at Brest. For Hyde's opinion of him see Bray's Evelyn, iv. p. 261, “a weeke man and so sottishly corrupted in his religion that hee believes whatsoever any priest sayes to him.”

^{page 297 note b} Between the King and Condé (see Hyde to Nicholas, 27 Apr. 1652, Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 64).

^{page 298 note a} He died 17 Apr. 1652, being succeeded by his son Thomas Howard, who was restored to the Dukedom of Norfolk in 1660. On the latter's “distemper of the brain” see Walker, Hist. Discourses, p. 220. His younger brother, Henry, succeeded him as Duke of Norfolk in 1677.

^{page 299 note a} Barbara, daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Bart., and sister of Francis, Lady Hyde. She died in Sept. following (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 149)

^{page 299 note b} Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Crofts and 2nd wife of Sir Frederick Cornwallis, Bart., cr. Baron Cornwallis in 1661.

^{page 300 note a} Walter Montague (see p. 220). He was first cousin to Hatton's wife, Elizabeth Montague (see p. 97).

^{page 302 note a} On 29 May, when he fought an indecisive action with Blake off Dover.

^{page 303 note a} Major Nicholas Armorer, son probably of Thomas Armorer, of Belford, co. Northumb. (Visit, of Northumb., Genealogist, ii. p. 219).

^{page 304 note a} Major-Gen. Vandruske had been commissioned on 15 Apr. to go to Dunnottar Castle, on the coast of Kincardine, to bring away the Scottish regalia, etc., but the order was cancelled on receipt of news that the Castle was besieged (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. iii. pp. 59, 74). See also Hyde to Nicholas, 23 Mar., in Clar. St. Pap. iii. p. 55.

^{page 305 note a} Possibly the same Dr. Johnson who was chaplain to the Queen of Bohemia in 1644, when she was desired to remove him as “ill-affected to the Parliament and religion” (Com. Journ., 28 June, 1614, iii. p. 544). Cole (B. M., Add. MS. 6873, f. 17) seems to identify him with William Johnson, D.D., Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, and rector of Warboys, who was Archdeacon of Huntingdon from 18 Mar. , till his death on 4 Mar. , and whom Kennet describes as “at once the most witty and most pious man living” (Wood, Fasti Oxon., ed. 1820, ii. col. 208, note 7).

^{page 306 note a} Adrian Pauw, ambassador to England in 1649 and 1652. He died 21 Feb. 1653.

^{page 306 note b} Susan, sister of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and widow of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, who died in 1643.

^{page 306 note c} Henry Pierrepoint, succ. as 2nd Earl of Kingston in 1643, cr. Marquis of Dorchester in 1645. He was made Hon. F.R.C.P. in 1658. See an account of him in Munk's Roll of Roy. Coll. of Physicians, 1878, i. p. 281.

^{page 307 note a} He was sent as Envoy Extraordinary to the Diet of the Empire 21 Dec. 1652, having been created Earl of Rochester 13 Dec. (Doyle, Offic. Baron.)

^{page 307 note b} “Sieur William Curtius, a very learned and judicious person of the Palatinate. He had been scholar to Alstedius the Encyclopædist, was well advanced in years, and now Resident for his Majesty at Frankfurt” (Evelyn, Diary, 20 June, 1651, ed. 1852, i. p. 267). He was made a Bart, in 1652.

^{page 307 note c} John Taylor, accredited to the Electors of Cologne and Mayence 13 Sept. 1652 (Cal Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 149). “If he were to be judged by his letters I should believe him to be a fool,” Hyde to Nicholas, 13 Sept. (Clar St. Pap. iii. p. 96).

^{page 308 note a} Alexander van der Capellen, Heer van Aartsbergen, etc., a warm partisan of the House of Orange (Aa, Biogr. Woorderiboek, iii. p. 141). Hyde in his answer calls him “Keppel.”

^{page 308 note b} William Frederic, Count of Nassau Dietz, mar. in 1652, Albertina, sister of William II. Prince of Orange, and aunt of the infant Prince William Henry.

^{page 309 note a} Perhaps David Chambers, anthor of a work “de Scotornm fortitudine, doctrina, et pietate,” Paris, 1631. Hyde in his answer, 20 Sept., says he had been dead for nearly a year (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 149).

^{page 309 note b} Of Tortworth, co. Glouc, cr. a Bart, in 1611.

^{page 310 note a} Sir Balthasar Gerbier, the miniature painter, a native of Middelburg. He came to England in 1615, and entered the service of Buckingham, and was afterwards assistant Master of the Ceremonies, English Resident at Brussels, etc.

^{page 310 note b} Allcannings, near Devizes, co. Wilts.

^{page 310 note c} A bitter attack on the character of Charles I. not unnaturally attributed to Gerbier, whose importance it magnifies. The Museum copy has no title-page or date.

^{page 311 note a} For seizing Newcastle and Tynemouth with the help of the Dutch, in return for which the latter were to have the right of selling the coal (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 149).

^{page 311 note b} William Howard, 2nd son of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, cr. Baron and Viscount Stafford in 1640. He had been arrested on a charge of scandalous immorality, and remained in custody until nearly the end of 1653 (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. pp. 263, 276).

^{page 312 note a} There seems to have been no peerage of this title at the time. Perhaps Sir Richard Minshull, of Bourton, co. Bucks, is meant, who is said to have been created Baron Minshull of Miushull, co. Chester, 1 Dec. 1641, and Viscount Minshull of Leominster, 4 Jan. 1642, though the patents were never enrolled (Ormerod, Cheshire, iii. p. 181). Courthope (Historic Peerage, p. 322) calls him John Minshull, and Lipscomb (Bucks, ii. p. 588) styles him Baron Minshull of Oundle, co. Northt. He compounded for his estates at £1,378, and survived until 1667.

^{page 312 note b} Second son of Robert, 1st Earl of Kingston, M.P. for Much Wenlock, co. Salop, in the Long Parliament.

^{page 313 note a} Frans Meerman, Burgomaster of Delft in 1637, and Member of the States-General in 1646. He was son of Dirk Meerman, who was Ambassador to England in 1613.

^{page 314 note a} Æneas Macdonell, Laird of Glengarry, cr. Lord Macdonell and Arran in 1660. He was appointed one of the Commissioners for the management of the Royalist forces in Scotland until the arrival of Middleton, 30 Dec. 1652 (Cal. Clar. St. Pap. ii. p. 165). “Honest and stout, but neither a soldier nor a wise man, nor indeed a man of interest,” Hyde to Nicholas, 7 Dec. 1652 (Clar. St.Pap. iii. p. 122).

^{page 315 note a} Third son of Lord Howard of Escrick (see above, p. 15).

^{page 316 note a} Bulstrode Whitelocke, Commissioner of the Great Seal, and Member of the Council of State.

^{page 316 note b} René Augier, Parliamentary Agent at Paris.

^{page 316 note c} Printed at the Hague by A. Ulac in [Aug.] 1652; reputed to be written by Alexander Morus (Masson, Life of Milton, iv. p. 453).

^{page 316 note d} Chamberlain to the Princess of Orange.

^{page 318 note a} Sir William Boreel, Dutch Ambassador at Paris; cr. a Bart, in 1044, when on an embassy to England.

^{page 319 note a} Louis of Nassau, Heer van Beverweerd, etc., natural son of Prince Maurice; a staunch adherent of William II. Prince of Orange.

^{page 320 note b} Richard Bradshaw (see the proceedings of the Council of State, 22 Oct. 1652, Cal. St. Pap. p. 452).