^{page 4 note a} Vernicles, or copies of the Vernicle at Rome, St. Veronica's handkerchief with the portrait of our Lord.

^{page 4 note b} St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, otherwise St. Olave's-next-the-Tower.

^{page 6 note a} Written over ‘hyar in an,’ crossed out.

^{page 6 note b} Cunagium, mint. Our coinage.

^{page 11 note a} Northleach, in Gloucestershire.

^{page 14 note a} Cotswold.

^{page 14 note b} Sir John Western; see page 26.

^{page 16 note a} The Pestilence of 1479.

^{page 16 note b} Sutton, a manor of the Hospitallers in Prittlewell, Essex.

^{page 16 note c} Sir William Stocker, Lord Mayor of London, 1484. He died in his year of office.

^{page 17 note a} Northleach.

^{page 18 note a} Arras.

^{page 18 note b} Brytys, Byrttes, or Bryttys Place, hodie Bretts is in the County of Essex, Hundred of Chafford, Parish of Alveley. The house is about a mile north-west of Alveley Church, within sight of the road from Alveley to Romford. W. Sautre possessed Le Bryttes Place in 1404. John Sautre sold it in 1446 to Richard Andrews, King's Secretary and Dean of York, brother-in-law to old Richard Cely, who sold it to Richard. Richard Junior died seised of it in 1494 (Inq. P.M., 9 H. VII., Sept. 20th).

^{page 18 note c} Doornik, commonly Tournai.

^{page 19 note a} Arras

^{page 20 note a} ‘li’ crossed out.

^{page 21 note a} Northleach.

^{page 21 note b} Bergen, commonly Mons.

^{page 21 note c} Arras.

^{page 24 note a} Sir John Weston, Prior of St. John's; see p. 26.

^{page 24 note b} Balsall, in Warwickshire, a manor of the Templars granted to the Hospitallers on the dissolution of the former.

^{page 26 note a} Sir John Weston, Prior of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in England, 1477–1489. He is continually referred to in these letters. The Priors of St. John held a reputed manor in Alveley parish, called More Hall, later part of Kelliton or Kennington. The Order of St. John held land in the neighbourhood at Rainham and Southall, and the Church of Thurrock Grays. Sir John Weston must have resided often on his Essex manor, and as a near neighbour of the Celys was a great man in their eyes. He was of the same family as Richard Weston, of Henry the Eighth's reign; but the Sutton referred to in these letters is not the later family place of Sutton, in Surrey, but is Sutton Temple, in Essex, a possession of the Hospitallers.

^{page 26 note b} Clerkenwell.

^{page 26 note c} Alveley, in Essex.

^{page 27 note a} Adderbury, in Oxfordshire.

^{page 27 note b} Sir John Weston.

^{page 28 note a} Northleach.

^{page 28 note b} Westwell, in Oxfordshire.

^{page 29 note a} Alveley.

^{page 30 note a} Northleach.

^{page 31 note a} Mons or Bergen.

^{page 32 note a} Sir John Weston.

^{page 33 note a} Northleach.

^{page 34 note a} Berwick in Essex, in the parish of Rainham, belonging to the Hospitallers.

^{page 36 note a} Perhaps a word is omitted, and he meant ‘Ye see the clearance.’

^{page 36 note b} Gravesend.

^{page 36 note c} The Dowager Ducheas of Burgundy, who was visiting her brother, King Edward, this year. See Introduction.

^{page 37 note c} 23s. 4d. per sack had been paid in London, and the sum was reckoned at £19 16s. 8d. Flemish. Compare Letter of October 29, 1480.

^{page 37 note b} Sir John Weston, on the Embassy of 1480. See also next letter.

^{page 38 note a} Boulogne. The shortness of the appointment for the next day is noticeable.

^{page 37 note b} Sir John Weston and Thomas Langton were commissioned to go on an Embassy to France to treat of the long-delayed treaty of marriage between the Dauphin and King Edward's daughter, August 24th, 1480 (Rymer, xii. 135).

^{page 37 note c} Money, contemporary slang.

^{page 40 note a} See Letter of September 2, 1480.

^{page 41 note a} Alveley.

^{page 41 note b} Rainham, in Essex.

^{page 42 note a} Millhall, on the Medway.

^{page 43 note a} Brightlingsea, in Essex.

^{page 45 note a} Perhaps Berlaere in Flanders.

^{page 46 note a} Eltham in Kent.

^{page 46 note b} Sir John Weston returning from his French Embassy.

^{page 46 note c} Edward the Fourth's daughter Bridget, born 1480, died a Nun at Dartford, 1517.

^{page 48 note a} Usually a buyer of new wool was compelled to take with it a certain proportion of old (see Introduction).

^{page 48 note b} The Dowager Duchess of Burgundy, Margaret, sister to Edward IV.

^{page 48 note c} Perhaps Busigny, now in French Flanders; or Binche, in Hainault.

^{page 48 note d} St. Omer.

^{page 49 note a} Terouenne.

^{page 50 note a} Alveley.

^{page 51 note a} November 22.

^{page 53 note a} Possibly a ferry-boat between Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. The sum seems too small for the passage-boat to the Channel Islands.

^{page 54 note a} Zeeland.

^{page 55 note a} Alveley.

^{page 55 note b} Venetians.

^{page 55 note c} Rhodes had been unsuccessfully besieged by the Turks during the previous summer, but a new attack was apprehended.

^{page 55 note d} Antony Wydeville, Earl Rivers.

^{page 55 note e} Lord Hastings.

^{page 55 note f} Sir John Weston.

^{page 55 note g} Altered from goys, Joyce, the servant.

^{page 55 note h} The incursions of the Scots had become more troublesome in the previous summer, and the Duke of Gloucester and the Earl of Northumberland had been sent against them with little result. The Scots king, James III., apparently was trying to avert war, without success. A naval force was sent against him this year, and a treaty made with the Lord of the Isles. (Rymer, xii. 139, 140.)

^{page 59 note a} Leicester.

^{page 59 note b} This is not ‘Margaret's’ baby. See date of August 29, 1482.

^{page 60 note a} Sir John Weston.

^{page 60 note b} Rhodes.

^{page 60 note c} York.

^{page 60 note d} Joyce, the servant.

^{page 60 note e} Sir John Weston, and Sir John Kendall, who was ‘Turcoplerius Rhodi, et Locum Tenens Magni Magistri in Italia, Francia, Anglia et Flandria.’ (Rymer xii. 112.) The Turcoplerius was a Lieutenant to the Grand Master. Sir John Kendall was made Prior to the Order of St. John in England in 1491. In 1480 the great siege of Rhodes by the Turks had been successfully resisted. Early in 1481 Mohammed II. was preparing to lead a new expedition in person, but died on May 3. Very likely the news of the abandonment of the expedition had not yet reached England.

^{page 62 note a} The words between the brackets crossed out.

^{page 63 note a} Sir John Kendall.

^{page 63 note b} A Knight of St. John, brother to Sir John Weston the Prior.

^{page 63 note c} St. Anne's Day, July 26.

^{page 64 note a} Northleach.

^{page 64 note b} Sir John Weston.

^{page 64 note c} Dartford.

^{page 65 note a} Clerkenwell.

^{page 65 note b} St. Nicholas Shambles.

^{page 65 note c} Written above ‘heny man’ crossed out.

^{page 66 note a} Sir John Weston.

^{page 70 note a} Rainham, in Essex. See Letter of October 31, 1481.

^{page 71 note a} The Mary was apparently a single-masted vessel with deck cargo.

^{page 71 note b} Rainham, in Essex.

^{page 71 note c} A single-masted vessel, but decked

^{page 72 note a} Newhithe on the Medway.

^{page 73 note a} Sir Thomas Montgomery, Member of the Privy Council to Edward IV. and Steward of the King's Forest of Essex.

^{page 74 note a} Money-changer. Wisselen, in Flemish, ‘to exchange.’ See May 13, 1482.

^{page 74 note b} William Wikyng, Sheriff of London, died 1481; Richard Chaury succeeded him.

^{page 74 note c} Below the deck.

^{page 75 note a} Rainham, in Essex.

^{page 75 note b} Hull. See Letter of Oct. 31.

^{page 75 note c} Newhithe on the Medway.

^{page 76 note a} Leicester

^{page 78 note a} Sir Thomas Montgomery.

^{page 78 note b} sic. It means, ‘Come to St. Omer.’

^{page 79 note a} Gravelines.

^{page 79 note b} Adderbury, in Oxfordshire.

^{page 79 note c} Lady Anne Mowbray, the nominal wife of the child Richard, son of Edward IV.

^{page 80 note a} Rainham, in Essex.

^{page 80 note b} Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, Master of the Royal Forests south of Trent, November 18, 1461. He died in 1483.

^{page 80 note c} Sir Thomas Montgomery, Steward of the King's Forest of Essex.

^{page 80 note d} Sir John Weston.

^{page 81 note a} Lat. sorus or saurus, a hawk of a year old.

^{page 81 note b} Sir John Weston.

^{page 81 note c} Melchbourn, in Bedfordshire, where was a Preceptory of the Hospitallers.

^{page 82 note a} Bushey, in Herts.

^{page 82 note b} Berwick, in Essex.

^{page 82 note c} St. Omer.

^{page 84 note a} Perhaps the Flemish Gezellin, a female companion.

^{page 85 note a} The words between the brackets are crossed out.

^{page 86 note a} Lord Hastings, afterwards executed by Richard III. He was made Chamberlain of the Exchequer, June 7, 1472, and Master of the Mint and Keeper of the Exchange in the Tower and at Calais, January 8,1477.

^{page 87 note a} Genoa.

^{page 87 note b} Northleach.

^{page 88 note a} Perhaps this is Little Molands, in South Ockendon, near Alveley, part of the Manor of Groves, held of the Honour of Tutbury, which was itself part of the Duchy of Lancaster. It might be argued that it was not held of the King, that is, of the Crown, though the King held the Duchy of Lancaster. Bretts was, at the death of the younger Richard, held of the Lady de Inglesthorpe.

^{page 88 note b} Mile End.

^{page 89 note a} This seems to be the Embassy which arranged the Treaty of 1482, the last successful attempt by Louis to keep Edward quiet (see Introduction).

^{page 90 note a} Leyden.

^{page 90 note b} Abingdon.

^{page 90 note c} Northleach.

^{page 91 note a} The Duchess Mary of Burgundy.

^{page 91 note b} St. Omer, betrayed to the French, 14 2.

^{page 91 note c} Alveley.

^{page 91 note d} Little Molands. A word has apparently been dropped.

^{page 92 note a} Northleach.

^{page 97 note a} Sir John Weston.

^{page 97 note b} Sic. Perhaps little.

^{page 97 note c} Lord Hastings.

^{page 98 note a} As formerly arranged. See Letter of May 8, 1478.

^{page 99 note a} Not any of the recognised St. Helen's days, but the day of the Invention of the Cross, May 3.

^{page 99 note b} Oudenburg, on the coast between Nieuport and Bruges.

^{page 102 note a} Crossed out.

^{page 102 note b} Northleach.

^{page 102 note c} Perhaps Burford.

^{page 103 note a} Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire.

^{page 103 note b} York.

^{page 104 note a} Sir John Weston.

^{page 104 note b} Wissel, in Flemish, ‘An exchange for money.’ See November 5, 1481.

^{page 105 note a} Kings Sutton, Northamptonshire.

^{page 105 note b} William Dalton was perhaps a widower.

^{page 105 note c} Berwick, a hamlet of Rainham, Essex, which belonged to the Hospitallers.

^{page 106 note a} Thursday after Trinity Sunday. In 1482 it was June 6.

^{page 106 note b} Perhaps for the failure of his embassy in the previous year; but it does not appear why, certainly.

^{page 106 note c} A sort of bribery apparently, evidently of influential persons.

^{page 107 note a} Delft.

^{page 108 note a} Aire.

^{page 108 note b} St. Omer.

^{page 108 note c} Gra elines.

^{page 108 note d} Lord Hastings.

^{page 109 note a} Crossed out.

^{page 109 note b} Ypres.

^{page 109 note c} The French took Aire this summer, by the treachery of the commandant, the Sire de Cohen, who afterwards entered the French service.

^{page 110 note a} Corrected from ‘London.’

^{page 111 note a} The East Watch House, a tower on the east side of Calais walls.

^{page 111 note b} St. Nicholas Church (now demolished), at the corner of Millgate Street and Penny Street, next the Mint, Calais.

^{page 111 note c} Lord Hastings.

^{page 112 note a} Ypres.

^{page 112 note b} St. Omer.

^{page 113 note a} The occupation of Edinburgh by the Dukes of Gloucester and Albany. Not the recovery of Berwick, which only capitulated on August 24th.

^{page 113 note b} Brabant.

^{page 114 note a} Zealand.

^{page 116 note a} Four words erased here.

^{page 116 note b} William, Lord Hastings.

^{page 117 note a} Lord Hastings.

^{page 118 note a} Lord Hastings.

^{page 118 note b} The words between the brackets are crossed out.

^{page 118 note c} Leyden and Delft.

^{page 118 note d} The Duchess Mary.

^{page 119 note a} Lord Hastings.

^{page 120 note a} Louis de Bourbon,. Bishop of Liège, murdered by William de la Mark, the Wild Boar of the Ardennes, 1482. The murder was evidently by common rumour attributed to French incitement, and was looked upon as a step in the interests of Louis XI. for the embarrassment of the Burgundians, a view popularised by Sir Walter Scott in Quentin Durward, where he deliberately misplaces the murder and connects it with different circumstances, in 1468, when a false report of the murder is recorded by De Comines. The Bishop was fifth son of Charles I., Duc de Bourbon and d'Auvergne. He was first-cousin and brother-in-law to Charles the Bold, but nearly as closely connected with Louis, for his elder brothers, Jean II. and Pierre II. de Bourbon, married respectively that king's sister and daughter.

^{page 120 note b} Brabanters

^{page 121 note a} Sarpler.

^{page 122 note a} Northleach.

^{page 124 note a} Sic ; an error for 1482.

^{page 124 note b} Thundersley, in Essex, near Rayleigh.

^{page 124 note c} Sir Thomas Montgomery.

^{page 125 note a} Lord Hastings.

^{page 126 note a} Should be ij ryallys.

^{page 126 note a} Should be vj Rydars.

^{page 129 note a} Ostend.

^{page 129 note b} Lord Hastings.

^{page 132 note a} Alveley.

^{page 132 note b} On January 12, 1483, the Duke of Albany had re-opened treasonable communications with England, which resulted in a treaty on his behalf, and on that of the banished Earl of Douglas, signed in London on February 11. A recrudescence of Border warfare resulted, but what damage precisely is referred to here does not appear.

^{page 132 note c} Lord Hastings, executed June 13.

^{page 132 note d} Not Dr. Russell, Bishop of Lincoln, the actual Lord Chancellor, but Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, who had been deprived of the Great Seal in May, and who was arrested when Hastings was killed.

^{page 132 note e} Morton, Bishop of Ely, afterwards Archbishop, Chancellor and Cardinal, arrested when Hastings was killed.

^{page 132 note f} Edward V.

^{page 132 note g} Richard III.

^{page 132 note h} The Duke of York.

^{page 133 note a} Henry Percy, created Earl of Northumberland in 1470, when John Neville surrendered the Earldom in exchange for the title of Marquis of Montagu. Northumberland was fully in the confidences of Edward IV. and Richard III., but probably betrayed the latter at Bosworth.

^{page 133 note b} John Lord Howard, created Duke of Norfolk on June 28, 1483. Killed at Bosworth.

^{page 133 note c} The first three lines crossed out.

^{page 136 note a} Richard III. was at Canterbury January 12, 1484. He probably visited Sandwich about the same time, but there seems to be no other record of it.

^{page 137 note a} This must be Anne de Beaujeu. The Flemish Towns were in close communication at the time with France, their nominal suzerain. See Kervyn de Lettenhove, Histoire de Flandre, Livre xviii.

^{page 138 note a} Delft.

^{page 139 note a} Possibly refugees from the late attempt of the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Richmond. Certain Breton ships, which had sailed with the latter in his abortive invasion, had taken refuge in Flemish ports and were committing piracy. Englishmen may have manned some of them. MS. Harl. 1632.

^{page 141 note a} See Kervyn de Lettenhove, Histoire de Flandre, Livre xviii.

^{page 142 note a} Dunkirk.

^{page 142 note b} Delft.

^{page 142 note c} iiij^c omitted by mistake.

^{page 143 note a} Hollanders, probably.

^{page 144 note a} Dunkirk and Gravelines.

^{page 144 note b} Vide Letter of March 25, 1484.

^{page 144 note c} Leicester.

^{page 145 note a} Sir John Denham, Lord Denham or Dynham, Privy Councillor to Edward IV. and to Henry VII., made Lord Treasurer by the latter.

^{page 146 note a} Nieuport.

^{page 146 note b} Ostend.

^{page 146 note c} Rymer, xi. 140.

^{page 149 note a} This was arranged, separately, with both Maximilian and the Council of Flanders in the following September. Rymer xii., 248, 249.

^{page 150 note a} Leyden.

^{page 151 note a} Crossed out.

^{page 153 note a} Leyden.

^{page 153 note b} Cambrai. The ‘men of warre’ are not ships.

^{page 154 note a} The ‘s’ and ‘R’ crossed out.

^{page 156 note a} Dalton's mother lived at Leicester. Perhaps Jone was his wife.

^{page 156 note b} Packhorses, the more usual method of carrying goods.

^{page 158 note a} Molands, George's Essex property.

^{page 160 note a} Was this the sweating sickness, the disease peculiarly fatal to Englishmen ?

^{page 161 note a} Probably Clive, Cleeve, or Bishop's Cleeve, in Gloucestershire.

^{page 161 note b} A house called ‘Causkey,’ probably the Cross Keys, stood at the corner of St. Nicholas and Great Friar Street, Calais.

^{page 163 note a} Zealand.

^{page 164 note a} Perhaps Cadsand.

^{page 164 note b} Sluys.

^{page 164 note c} Sir James Tyrrell, a trusted servant to Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII. Executed 1502 for conspiracy with the Earl of Suffolk, and alleged to be guilty of the murder of Edward V. and the Duke of York.

^{page 165 note a} Dunkirk.

^{page 166 note a} Philippe, fifth son to Louis I. of Savoy, who succeeded as Philippe II. in 1496 and died 1497. In his younger days, being without any lands, he was known merely as Philippe Monsieur, and served both France and Burgundy.

^{page 166 note b} Liège. Jean IX. de Horn, who succeeded the murdered Louis de Bourbon.

^{page 167 note a} Sluys.

^{page 167 note b} Sir John Weston.

^{page 167 note c} There had been more or less maritime war with the Danes, partly owing to disputes about the Iceland trade. Peace was formally concluded in 1489 (Rymer, xii. 374).

^{page 167 note d} Ypres.

^{page 169 note a} Magistracy. See Introduction.

^{page 169 note b} Cunagium, mint.

^{page 170 note a} Guines.

^{page 170 note b} St. Tricaise, now St. Tricat, in the Calais Pale.

^{page 171 note a} Middleburgh in Zealand.

^{page 171 note b} Delft.

^{page 172 note a} Possibly Kingsey, in Buckinghamshire, not far from the sheepwalks in the Chilterns. The manor belonged to the Marneys of Essex.

^{page 172 note b} Delft.

^{page 173 note a} Balling Mart, or Bammys Mart. See Introduction.

^{page 174 note a} Bordeaux.

^{page 174 note b} Penmarch, in Bretagne.

^{page 175 note a} Ospringe.

^{page 177 note a} Southampton.

^{page 177 note b} Sittingbourne.

^{page 178 note a} Gravesend.

^{page 178 note b} Erith.

^{page 178 note c} Purfleet.

^{page 179 note a} Perhaps, accommodation.

^{page 181 note a} Perhaps, accommodation.

^{page 181 note b} Zealand.

^{page 182 note a} Altered from xj^s viij^d.

^{page 183 note a} Sic, but perhaps Black bollys or Black bowls, drinking vessels, were meant.

^{page 183 note b} Altered from y^li xij^s ijd^d.

^{page 184 note a} Altered from xx^s ij^d.

^{page 185 note a} Altered from vj^li Iij^s v^s

^{page 185 note b} Thames Street.

^{page 185 note c} Erith.

^{page 185 note d} Bordeaux.

^{page 186 note a} This entry is crossed out.

^{page 188 note a} Altered from viij^li xviij^s iiij^d.

^{page 188 note b} These two words are crossed out.

^{page 188 note c} ‘vj^d’ is crossed out.

^{page 192 note a} Written below ‘Summa totallis ij^ciij^il xij^s j^d fl.’ crossed out.

^{page 192 note b} The ‘xiij^s iiij^s’ inserted.

^{page 193 note a} Sic. It should be xxiiij^s viij^d.

^{page 193 note b} Allowing eleven persons, not ten as above, Rychard Whode's share, including the wayne, would amount to about ij^s x^d. But four of the rest only paid ij^s x^d between them.

^{page 194 note a} Corrected from ‘Eobard More.’

^{page 194 note b} Millhall, on the Medway.

^{page 194 note c} Corrected from ‘vj^d.’

^{page 195 note a} Bradwell in Essex.

^{page 195 note b} Mailing in Kent. The parish touches the Medway; but it might be miswritten for Hailing.

^{page 195 note c} Walberswick, in Suffolk.

^{page 196 note a} Milton, in Kent.

^{page 196 note b} Rotherhithe.

^{page 196 note c} Brightlingsea, in Essex.

^{page 196 note d} Mailing, in the Medway, probably; see above.

^{page 198 note a} Elorri in Bretagne.

^{page 198 note b} Bourgneuf in Bretagne.

^{page 198 note c} Machecoul in Bretagne.

^{page 198 note d} Le Conquet in Bretagne.

^{page 199 note a} The accounts of the ‘Brittissh child’ are wrong.

^{page 199 note b} Crossed out.

^{page 201 note a} Louvain.

^{page 201 note b} Perhaps Buckingham.

^{page 203 note a} Guines.

^{page 204 note a} Delft.

^{page 204 note b} Leyden.

^{page 204 note c} Barnsley, St. Mary, Gloucester, on the road between Cirencester and Burford.

^{page 204 note d} Guines.

^{page 204 note e} St. Tricaise or St. Tricat.