^{page 1 note a} Nephew of Archbishop Hugh of Rouen (Fitz Stephen, Materials, iii, 27), archdeacon of Rouen 1143–70, bishop of Evreux 1170–9. He also received the dedication of Arnulf's sermons (Ed. Giles, p. 1).

^{page 1 note 1} om., A.

^{page 1 note 2} om., E.

^{page 1 note b} The terminus a quo for the date of the libellus (see above, p. lxxi) is 1165, and the terminus ad quem 1170, the year in which Giles became bishop. There is ample evidence that Arnulf retired temporarily from public affairs in 1166 (see above, p. xlvi).

^{page 2 note 1} contrahunt, A.

^{page 2 note 2} A gathering is lost in D².

^{page 2 note 3} Ad Celestin' papamde promotione sua, A.

^{page 2 note 4} catella, A.

^{page 2 note a} Pope Innocent II died 24 Sept. 1143, and Guy de Castello, cardinal-priest of St. Mark (Boso, ‘Hist. Pont.’, in Liber Pontificalis (ed. Duchesne, L., Paris, 1886–1892), ii, 386Google Scholar), was elected pope two days later. As the letter must have been written in the course of the year 1144, it is unlikely that Celestine received these congratulations, for he died on 8 March. See above, p. xx, n. 6.

^{page 3 note 1} exaltationes, Vulgate.

^{page 3 note a} Geoffrey, count of Anjou, the father of King Henry II. See above, p. xx.

^{page 4 note 1} deuotus, A.

^{page 4 note 2} The first three lines are missing in D².

^{page 4 note 3} add pro ecclesia Sagiensi, A.

^{page 4 note 4} add per, E.

^{page 4 note 5} electorum, A; election crossed out and electionum in margin, D².

^{page 4 note 6} quod, D².

^{page 4 note a} See above, p. xlviii.

^{page 4 note b} John, bishop of Séez; see above, pp. xii, seq.

^{page 4 note c} The MS. title, referring to Pope Celestine, is incorrect, for Geoffrey is already reconciled to the pope, an event which did not take place until Easter 1146. For this and the letter, see above, pp. xxxiii, seq.

^{page 5 note 1} sciens, E.

^{page 5 note 2} auctori, A; u expunged, D².

^{page 5 note 3} consumari, E.

^{page 5 note 4} potestate uel uoluntate, E.

^{page 5 note 5} non, E.

^{page 5 note a} See below, p. 56 and note c.

^{page 5 note b} Gerard's election was not confirmed by the papacy until he had become a regular canon and had sworn to uphold the Order. See below, p. 57.

^{page 6 note a} Robert had been a secular canon of St. George's in the castle of Oxford, holding the prebend of Stow, Bucks, and archdeacon of Leicester. He was consecrated bishop in December 1148. In the Matilda-Stephen conflict he had connexions with both sides. His brother, William de Chesney, was a prominent supporter of Stephen, and his nephew, Gilbert Foliot, later bishop of London, inclined to the side of the empress. See the Rev. Salter, H. E., ‘The Family of Chesney’, Cartulary of the Abbey of Eynsham (Oxford Hist. Soc., vol. xlix, 1906), vol. i, appendix i, pp. 411Google Scholar, seqq., and the D.N.B. It appears that Robert was a friend of Ralph de Diceto (Foliot, ep. no. 94, M.P.L., cxc, 811Google Scholar), who was another friend of Arnulf's youth (ep. no. 26). Perhaps they had all met at the schools of Paris.

^{page 7 note 1} sanctimonialem, A.

^{page 7 note 2} flamma, E.

^{page 7 note 3} e over u expunged, A; e over u erased, D².

^{page 7 note 4} flamma, A, E.

^{page 7 note 5} sept. ess., A.

^{page 7 note a} See above, p. xxvii, n. 7.

^{page 7 note b} Cf. Arnulf's sermon on the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary (no. 4), where there is some similarity of language.

^{page 8 note 1} dispon¯tur, A.

^{page 8 note 2} affectus, A; altered, D².

^{page 8 note 3} illi thaI., A; ? transposed, D².

^{page 8 note 4} lasciuie, D².

^{page 8 note 5} eiusmodi, A, E.

^{page 8 note 6} contractu, E.

^{page 8 note 7} dignitatis interlined, E.

^{page 8 note 8} ilium, A; over ilium, D².

^{page 9 note 1} o over expunged i, A, D².

^{page 9 note 2} quando, E.

^{page 9 note 3} perpetue uel perfecte, E.

^{page 9 note 4} integ. ual., A; transposed D².

^{page 9 note a} See above, p. xxviii.

^{page 10 note 1} add Item, A.

^{page 10 note 2} dein, A.

^{page 10 note 3} recrudiuit, D².

^{page 10 note 4} om, A; inserted D².

^{page 10 note 5} nil, E.

^{page 10 note 6} Interim, A.

^{page 10 note a} The manuscript title. Pope Adrian, is a mistake.

^{page 10 note b} War between the Angevins and Louis was sporadic between 1149 and 1151. See Chartrou, , L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151, pp. 72Google Scholar, seq. and above, p. xxviii.

^{page 10 note c} 7 September 1151 (Torigni, , pp. 162–3Google Scholar).

^{page 10 note d} This seems to be a veiled reference to the rebellion of Geoffrey, Henry's brother, after June 1152 (Torigni, , p. 165).Google Scholar

^{page 10 note e} Richard, dean of Bayeux, bishop of Coutances 1151.

^{page 11 note 1} add pro Philippe Baioc' episcopo, A.

^{page 11 note 2} im erased, E.

^{page 11 note 3} qui, E.

^{page 11 note 4} oconcurrunt, D².

^{page 11 note 5} conprouincialibus, A.

^{page 11 note a} This ascription seems preferable to the manuscript title, Pope Adrian IV.

^{page 11 note b} Philip de Harcourt, dean of Lincoln, archdeacon of Evreux, bishop of Bayeux 1142–63, is known to have been at Rome once under Lucius II and three times under Eugenius III, viz., 1144, 1145, 1146 and 1153 (Haskins, , Norman Institutions, p. 203Google Scholar, n. 27). He was generally engaged in restoring the possessions of his see, which he had found much impoverished, and had much trouble with the monks of Troarn and Fécamp (ibid., pp. 201–4, and Antiquus cartularius ecclesiœ Baiocensis (livre noir), ed. V. Bourrienne (Soc. de 1'hist. de Normandie, Rouen, 1902–3), nos. 154, 155, 156, 159, 173, 186, 189 and 199).

^{page 11 note c} In 1105 Henry I had taken and burned the city (Ordericus iv, 219), and in 1138 Robert of Gloucester had captured the city for Geoffrey, count of Anjou (ibid., v, 108). The church was burned in 1160, and Philip was active in its restoration (Torigni, , p. 206Google Scholar).

^{page 12 note 1} ad repell. et reprim., A; transposed, D². repellandam, D².

^{page 12 note 3} submurmurant, E.

^{page 12 note 3} qui, E.

^{page 12 note 4} timor, A; ? altered D².

^{page 12 note 5} quodammodo, inserted, E.

^{page 12 note a} On the death of William, prior of the Austin house of Ste. Barbe in the diocese of Lisieux, in January 1154, Daniel, prior of the daughter cell of Beckford in Gloucestershire was elected (Anonymous chronicle of Ste. Barbe, in H.F., xiv, 504Google Scholar, where the letter is incorporated in the chronicle).

^{page 13 note 1} protinus inserted after omnia, E.

^{page 13 note a} Chancellor 1154–62. For the letter see above, p. xxx.

^{page 14 note 1} contemporary rubric.

^{page 14 note 2} nos, MS.

^{page 14 note 3} cum, MS.

^{page 14 note 4} conseruetur, MS.

^{page 15 note 1} abb. Boneuallis, E.

^{page 15 note a} After leaving Marmoutier, where he was still to be found in 1138, Arnold was abbot of this Benedictine house in the diocese of Chartres near Châteaudun, occurring in 1144 and 1151. He had returned to Marmoutier by 1159, and died c. 1162. Arnold was the author of many religious works, and had connexions with St. Bernard (H.L., xii, 536Google Scholar, and Clerval, , Les Écales de Chartres au Moyen-Age, pp. 205–6Google Scholar). Also, see above, p. xiv.

^{page 15 note b} Probably Philip, abbot of the Cistercian house of l'Aumône in the diocese of Chartres, once archdeacon of Liège and prior of Clairvaux. He was later a supporter of Pope Alexander III in the schism (H.F., xv, 753, 762Google Scholar), and was active in the Becket dispute in 1164 (Materials, i–iv, passim; and H.L., xiv, 166Google Scholar).

^{page 16 note 1} quon. dilata uobis retributio, A; si and est inserted, D ²; uobis inserted, E.

^{page 16 note 2} subito, E.

^{page 16 note 3} stat. cep., A; statim before cepit crossed out, D ².

^{page 16 note 4} Ernulfum, A.

^{page 16 note 5} salutare, E.

^{page 16 note 6} holocaustumque, E.

^{page 16 note 7} hol. obtuli pro, A; transposed, D ².

^{page 16 note a} See note a, p. 15.

^{page 17 note 1} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 17 note 2} particibus, A.

^{page 17 note 3} amplectatur uel complectatur, E.

^{page 17 note 4} singillatim, A; n expunged, D ².

^{page 17 note 5} terminus, E.

^{page 17 note a} See page 15, note a.

^{page 17 note b} Rotrou, later archbishop of Rouen.

^{page 18 note 1} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 18 note 2} iocumda, D ².

^{page 18 note 3} prouectu, E.

^{page 18 note 4} iocumdis, D ².

^{page 18 note 5} Porro, A.

^{page 18 note 6} add dominum, A.

^{page 18 note 7} cmmendauit, D ².

^{page 18 note a} There was a meeting of the kings of England and France ‘in confinio Normanniae et Franciae’ on 5 February 1156 (Torigni, , p. 186Google Scholar), where the business was the homage due from Henry and the question of his brother Geoffrey's continental possessions. Shortly after Geoffrey fled to Anjou where he raised revolt, and Henry followed him and besieged the castles of Chinon and Mirebeau (Torigni, , p. 189Google Scholar; W. of Newburgh, Hist, rerum anglicarum in Chron. of … Stephen, etc. [Rolls Series], i, 113; John of Salisbury, ep. no. 128, M.P.L., cxcix, 108Google Scholar). It must have been at this time that Henry and Arnulf were at Tours, near the hostile castles.

^{page 18 note b} See above, p. xxxi, and the next letter.

^{page 19 note 1} nostrum, A; changed by expunction, D ².

^{page 19 note 2} cmmodius, D ².

^{page 19 note 3} cimparare, D ².

^{page 20 note 1} Ad Rollandum, sancte Romane ecclesie cancellarium, A.

^{page 20 note 2} ? precurrit, cu expunged, D ².

^{page 20 note 3} deberet, A; er expunged, D ².

^{page 20 note 4} stu|stidiis, D ².

^{page 20 note 5} multum, E.

^{page 20 note 6} regis et, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 20 note 7} enim, A; over enim, D ².

^{page 20 note a} He became Pope Alexander III in 1159.

^{page 20 note b} See the previous letter.

^{page 21 note 1} om., E.

^{page 21 note 2} add pro magistro Simone, A.

^{page 21 note 3} om., E.

^{page 21 note 4} retrusus uel reclusus, E.

^{page 21 note 5} obnoxius, A; altered by expunction, D ².

^{page 21 note 6} add ipsam, A; crossed out, D ².

^{page 21 note a} There were few vacancies in Norman churches during the pontificate of Adrian, and it is most probable that Séez, vacant from 1157 to 1159 (see above, p. xxxv), is indicated here. The tone of the letter strengthens the supposition, for Arnulf was embroiled in the business of the church, and had a personal interest in the diocese (see above pp. xxxiii, seqq.).

^{page 22 note 1} correptio, A; altered, D ².

^{page 22 note 2} add Item, A.

^{page 22 note 3} nostro, A.

^{page 22 note 4} aut, A.

^{page 22 note 5} ad inopiam tantum, A; ? transposed, D ².

^{page 22 note a} Peter was a stranger, a monk from Cluny, and his arrival in 1155 caused disturbances which became bitter in 1158 (Loth, Julien, Hist. de l'abbaye de S. Pierre de Jumièges (Soc. de l'hist. de Normandie, 1882–1885), i, 267–9).Google Scholar

^{page 23 note 1} add et, A.; expunged, D ².

^{page 23 note 2} sac. mon., E.

^{page 23 note 3} om., A; ? expunged, D ².

^{page 23 note 4} om., E.

^{page 23 note a} Either Bernard, who was suspended in 1159 after a rule of scarcely a year (G.C.), or his successor, Robert II de Blangis, abbots of the Benedictine house of St. Évroult, near Argentan, at this time subject to the bishops of Lisieux. See above, pp. xxxvi, seqq.

^{page 24 note 1} Drog. et Hug., A.

^{page 24 note 2} credidit absoluend', E.

^{page 24 note 3} quod, D ².

^{page 24 note 4} neglegentia, A; e over i expunged, D ².

^{page 24 note 5} uestram fratrumque, E.

^{page 25 note 1} Ad eundem, A.

^{page 25 note 2} es, E.

^{page 25 note 3} utilitatem uel humilitatem, E.

^{page 25 note 4} sanguis Christi, A; transposed, D ².

^{page 25 note a} See note to the preceding letter.

^{page 26 note 1} tibi scripta, E.

^{page 26 note 2} seueriore, E.

^{page 27 note 1} Domino Cenoman', A.

^{page 27 note 2} Roth, thes., E.

^{page 27 note 3} ? transposed to fere sit, D ².

^{page 27 note 4} deuotio uel religio, E.

^{page 27 note 5} om., E.

^{page 27 note a} Ralph de Warneville, treasurer of Rouen and treasurer of Normandy (Haskins, , Norman institutions, p. 180Google Scholar, n., 130), royal chancellor 1173–81, and bishop of Lisieux to succeed Arnulf, 1181.

^{page 27 note b} If the date is correct, Laurence, who was elected in 1159 after the see had been vacant for two years, is indicated.

^{page 28 note 1} sanctitatis uel maiestatis, E.

^{page 28 note 2} offerre, E.

^{page 28 note 3} uobis, A.

^{page 28 note 4} satisfationem, A.

^{page 28 note 5} compositone, A.

^{page 28 note a} 1130–64. He dedicated a work to Arnulf, and Arnulf composed an epitaph for Hugh. See above, p. xxii, n. 6.

^{page 28 note 2} Henry de Sully, a scion of the family of Blois-Champagne (for Arnulf's relations with the house, see above, p. xiv), was monk of Cluny, and abbot of the Benedictine convent of Fecamp in the diocese of Rouen, c. 1140–89. He was also an unsuccessful or reluctant candidate for the sees of Salisbury, York and Lincoln. For Fecamp's jurisdiction over parishes, see Lemarignier, Étude sur les privilèges d'exemption et de juridiction ecclésiastique des abbayes Normandes, and above, p. xxxviii. Archbishop Hugh confirmed these privileges (G.C., xi, instr. 23Google Scholar).

^{page 29 note 1} huius, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 29 note 2} correctus, E.

^{page 29 note 3} Ad Will, et Io. Pap. card., E; Ad H. Pisan' et Io' Neapolit' et Iac' cardinales, A.

^{page 29 note a} A grammarian at Paris, known as a commentator on Priscian. John of Salisbury studied rhetoric under him between 1140 and 1142 (Poole, R. L., ‘The Masters of the Schools at Paris and Chartres in John of Salisbury's time’, in Studies in chronology and history (Oxford, 1934), p. 244Google Scholar, and Webb, , John of Salisbury, p. 9Google Scholar), and he is mentioned in the Metamorphosis Goliae Episcopi, which was composed c. 1142 (Poole, , op. cit., p. 240Google Scholar). He was still active in 1166, possibly at Poitiers (Letter of John of Salisbury, Materials, v, 348Google Scholar). It is quite possible that Arnulf had met him at Paris.

^{page 29 note b} The editors of the H.L. (xii, 486)Google Scholar think that this was Hugh de Nonant, Arnulf's nephew, but it seems an unwarrantable conclusion.

^{page 29 note c} The two editions have different lists of cardinals, but probably the letter was sent to all supporters of Alexander, and covered no. 24. John of Naples, a Victorine, was cardinal-priest of St. Anastasia. William of Pavia, cardinal-priest of St. Peter ad Vincula, and Henry of Pisa, cardinal-priest of St. Nereus and St. Achilles, were two of the legates sent to further the papal cause in France in 1159/60. Hyacinth was cardinal-deacon of St. Mary in Cosmedin, and later Pope Celestine III. For the activities of these cardinals at this time, see Ohnsorge, W., Die Legaten Alexanders IIIGoogle Scholar. For the letter, see above, p. xl.

^{page 30 note 1} patris, D ²; patris expunged and partis in margin, A.

^{page 30 note 2} add et intrusione Octouiani, A.

^{page 30 note 3} om., A.

^{page 30 note a} On his return from Toulouse in October, Henry reduced the castles of barons who had been instigated to rebellion by Louis, and a truce with the French king followed in December 1159 (Torigni, , pp. 205–6Google Scholar).

^{page 30 note b} See above, p. xl. This letter probably accompanied no. 23. The pope replied on 1 April 1160 (printed Giles no. 22).

^{page 31 note 1} neglegentem, A; i over e expunged, D ².

^{page 31 note 2} misericors et miserator, A.

^{page 31 note 3} preuidet, E.

^{page 31 note 4} insert tamen, E.

^{page 31 note 5} uel, E.

^{page 31 note 6} add ad, E.

^{page 31 note a} Peter Leonis, the anti-Pope Anacletus. Cf. Arnulf's description of him in his Invectiva, cap. 3.

^{page 32 note 1} nobiliori, E.

^{page 32 note 2} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 32 note 3} quoniam, E.

^{page 32 note a} These pictures seem to have made a great impression on contemporaries; of. John of Salisbury, ep. no. 59, M.P.L., cxcix, 39.Google Scholar

^{page 33 note 1} nec, A; c erased, D ².

^{page 33 note 2} om., E.

^{page 33 note 3} G., A.

^{page 33 note 4} om. a uobis, A; inserted, D ².

^{page 33 note 5} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 33 note a} Cf. previous letter, p. 30 and n. a.

^{page 33 note b} 1154–78.

^{page 34 note 1} recompensant, E; s inserted, D ².

^{page 34 note 2} offerunt uel conferunt, E.

^{page 34 note 3} per quam, E.

^{page 34 note 4} altered to communitati, E.

^{page 34 note a} This seems to be a reference to Arnulf's circulars (no. 23) to the supporters of Alexander III.

^{page 35 note 1} Ad Ric' de Diceto [Ditio expunged] Lond' archid', E; Ad Radulf' London' archid', A.

^{page 35 note 2} Ricard', A; altered, D ².

^{page 35 note a} The historian. See Stubbs' introduction to Diceto, pp. xxvi, seqq. and above, p. xvii.

^{page 35 note b} John of Salisbury is very fond of this quotation; see epp. nos. 247, 296, 302 (M.P.L., cxcix, 291, 343, 354Google Scholar).

^{page 35 note c} Mentioned as a canon of Lisieux in 1148 (document printed by Haskins, , Norman institutions, p. 322Google Scholar).

^{page 36 note 1} nobisque, A.

^{page 36 note 2} susceperat uel receperat, E.

^{page 36 note a} For William, see Round, , Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 389Google Scholar, and Stubbs, , op. cit., pp. xxxii and livGoogle Scholar. This chaplain of Archbishop Theobald carried the result of the council of London, which dealt with the disputed election, to the papacy (see above, p. xl) in July or August 1160 to Henry in Normandy (John of Salisbury, ep. no. 64, M.P.L., cxcix, 48Google Scholar), and perhaps he had been in Normandy before the council and even taken Henry's instructions to London (see next page).

^{page 36 note b} See above, p. xl.

^{page 36 note c} The letter ‘Quia sedis’, Labbe, P. and Cossart, G., Sacrosancta concilia (Paris, 1671–1672), x, 1392.Google Scholar

^{page 37 note 1} actore, E.

^{page 37 note 2} changed from cum-, D ².

^{page 37 note 3} add enim, E.

^{page 37 note 4} dix. om., A; transposed, D ².

^{page 37 note 5} neque, A; inserted, D ².

^{page 37 note 6} changed from ioconditatis, D ².

^{page 37 note 7} mult, uen., E.

^{page 37 note a} See Raby, F. J. E., A hist. of Christian Latin poetry (Oxford, 1927), p. 116.Google Scholar

^{page 38 note 1} serm. seren., A; transposed, D ².

^{page 38 note 2} changed from cum-, D ².

^{page 38 note 3} add uir illustris eloquentie, E.

^{page 38 note 4} om., E.

^{page 38 note 5} add de susceptione domini pape Alexandri, A.

^{page 38 note a} See above, p. xl. Ohnsorge, , op. cit., pp. 21Google Scholar, seqq., concludes that the London synod was held after the continental synods (which, it is agreed, met about July 22), sand was a part of Henry's policy of delay. On the other hand, in E.H.R., li, 264Google Scholar, I held that it took place in June before the meetings on the Norman-French border. Ohnsorge's general reasoning is plausible, but his interpretation of the passage in Arnulf's letter (below, p. 42), on which his conclusion depends, seems doubtful. He interprets Arnulf's reference to the activity of the French Church on behalf of Alexander as an account of the synod of Beauvais, and says that Arnulf makes no reference to the complementary Norman synod of Neufmarche because of the contrasting tone of its results (note 56). The crucial evidence is Arnulf, 's, Sed quia inter ipsum et principem nostrum … nouiter est reformata concordiaGoogle Scholar, etc. (below, p. 42), which Ohnsorge indeed interprets as a reference to the peace between Henry and Louis in May (note 56), but gives the phrase no importance in determining the chronology of the events narrated there. He explains it as giving the general cause of Louis' complaisance. For Gilbert Foliot's praise of the letter, see Materials, v, 16, and for Arnulf's reasons for writing, see no. 27.

^{page 39 note 1} compararetur, E.

^{page 39 note 2} omnis, E.

^{page 39 note 3} mendicatas, A; e inserted, D ².

^{page 39 note a} See below, p. 43, n a.

^{page 39 note b} Imar of Tusculum, who consecrated Octavian, and Guy of Crema, cardinal-deacon of St. Mary in Porticu 1146, cardinal-priest of St. Calixtus 1158, anti-Pope Paschal III 1164, and John of Mercone, cardinal-priest of St. Silvester and St. Martin 1150.

^{page 39 note c} Cf. the accounts of the election given by Romuald of Salerno, Chronicon, ed. Garufi, C. A. (Rerum Ital. Script., new edition, vol. vii, 1914), pp. 243–4Google Scholar; by Gerhoh of Reichersberg, ‘De Investigatione Antichristi’, ed. Sackur, E. in Libelli de lite (Mon. Germ. Hist., 1897), iii, 360–1Google Scholar; and by Raul, Sire, ‘De Rebus Gestis Friderici Primi in Italia’ (Rerum Ital. Script., vol. vi, 1725)Google Scholar, col. 1183.

^{page 40 note 1} ? altered to et, D ².

^{page 40 note 2} discurr. glad., A; transposed, D ².

^{page 40 note 3} debebant, E; b expunged, D ².

^{page 41 note 1} credatur, E.

^{page 41 note a} See p. 36, note c.

^{page 42 note 1} callicana, A; altered, D ².

^{page 42 note 2} uirtute, A; over uirtute, D ².

^{page 42 note 3} caritatis, A; inserted, D ².

^{page 42 note 4} tabule, A; altered, D ².

^{page 42 note 5} manus, E.

^{page 42 note a} A truce in December and a peace in May (Torigni, , pp. 206 and 207Google Scholar). For the terms see H.F., xvi, 21.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 1} etiam, enim expunged, A; etiam expunged, D ².

^{page 43 note 2} tempestiuus, A; i inserted, D ².

^{page 43 note 3} bonitate, E.

^{page 43 note 4} add sancte, E.

^{page 43 note 5} Ad Gisl' Lond' et Hyl' Citest' et Wll' Norwic' episcopos Anglie, A.

^{page 43 note a} Henry, bishop of Winchester, and Hugh, bishop of Durham, were said to be supporters of Octavian (John of Salisbury, ep. no. 59, M.P.L., cxcix, 43Google Scholar). Octavian claimed to be a relative of King Stephen (John of Salisbury, Historia pontificalis, p. 45Google Scholar, and see Dr. Poole's explanation in Appendix IV), and so would be related to the bishop of Winchester.

^{page 43 note b} For the matter see above, p. xl, and for the form, p. lxxviii, n. 1.

^{page 44 note 1} uel, E.

^{page 44 note 2} uobis rei, E.

^{page 44 note 3} scismatisci, D ².

^{page 44 note 4} audeat, E.

^{page 44 note 5} ne, A; c inserted, D ².

^{page 44 note 6} om. Tusc. loqu., A; added in margin, ? gloss, D ².

^{page 45 note 1} affectare, E.

^{page 45 note 2} trahere uoluntatem, E.

^{page 45 note 3} stat. ad un., E.

^{page 45 note 4} over uerteretur, A; er expunged, D ².

^{page 45 note 5} for. ecc., E.

^{page 45 note 6} om. possit … maledictionis, B, B ¹, B ², B ³, B ⁴)

^{page 45 note a} Alias is John of Mercone, who had been archdeacon of Tyre; tertius. who was of good birth, is Guy of Crema, who, like Octavian, claimed to be a relative of King Stephen (see reference, p. 43, n. a).

^{page 46 note 1} lascisua, s inserted, D ²; lacisua, A.

^{page 46 note 2} illudere, A; altered, D ².

^{page 46 note 3} qua, E.

^{page 46 note 4} eorum, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 46 note 5} qui et, A; a over i expunged, D ²; qui and om. et, E.

^{page 46 note 6} ualuerunt, A; over ualuerunt, D ².

^{page 47 note 1} eorum, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 47 note 2} eos, A; u over e expunged, D ².

^{page 47 note 3} eorum, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 47 note 4} ipsorum, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 5} descendant, E.

^{page 47 note 6} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 47 note 7} add enim, A; expunged, D ².

^{page 47 note 8} eos, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 47 note 9} sunt, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 10} cum eis, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 11} detestantur, A; Ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 12} eis, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 13} ceperunt, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 47 note 14} om., A; inserted, D ².xs

^{page 48 note 1} fidebus, A; li inserted, D ².

^{page 48 note 2} eos, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 48 note 3} cum eis, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 48 note 4} ipsis, A; ibid., D ².

^{page 48 note a} Ohnsorge, , op. cit., pp. 24–38Google Scholar, believes this to be a description of the council of Toulouse in October 1160, which he has resurrected (notes 51 and 67). See also Amelli, A., La chiesa di Roma e la chiesa di Milano nella elezione di papa Alessandro III (Firenze, 1910)Google Scholar, and Ohnsorge, , ‘Eine ebracher Brief-sammlung des XII Jahrhunderts’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, (1928–1929), xx, 4Google Scholar, seqq.

^{page 49 note 1} euidentibus, E.

^{page 49 note 2} The names are expanded in the margin, probably by the same hand which added Tusculanum loquor (see above, p. 44, n. 6).

^{page 49 note 3} illos, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 49 note 4} Norgeng', A; amended from, D ².

^{page 49 note 5} ceperunt, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 49 note 6} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 50 note 1} operis, D ².

^{page 50 note 2} illi, A; over erasure, D ².

^{page 50 note 3} om. Rom. ecc., E; Ad Heni' Pisan' cardinalem, A.

^{page 50 note 4} quarter, A; r expunged, D ².

^{page 50 note 5} maligni|nitatis, D ².

^{page 50 note 6} conualesco, A; signs of erasure, D ².

^{page 50 note 7} uideatur uel credatur, E.

^{page 50 note a} See above, p. xl.

^{page 51 note 1} Engolismsem, D ², A; Engolismum, E.

^{page 51 note a} Arnulf's quarrels with his canons, the church of Séez (see above, p. xxxv) and with the convent of St. Évroult (ibid., p. xxxvii) were agitating him at this time.

^{page 51 note b} These debts were probably contracted during Arnulf's royal justiciarship. See above, pp. xxix, seq.

^{page 51 note c} 1159–78 (Gams, , Series episcoporumGoogle Scholar), 1159–82 (Chevalier, , RepertoireGoogle Scholar). This letter was written at the beginning of an episcopate, and the date given is not in discordance with manuscript evidence.

^{page 52 note 1} comprobatur uel predicatur, E.

^{page 52 note 2} ei followed by erasure, A; eum, m over i expunged, D ²; in eum, E.

^{page 52 note 3} opponendum uel componendum, E.

^{page 52 note 4} uobis aliquid, E.

^{page 52 note 5} turn, A, E; altered, D ².

^{page 52 note a} This is the accuser of his bishop, Gilbert de la Porrée, whose philosophical opinions were objected to in 1147 (Otto of Freising, Gesta Friderici Primi, ed. Waitz, G. (Script. Rer. Germ., 1912), pp. 67Google Scholar, seqq.; Letter of Geoffrey d'Auxerre, H.F., xiv, 327Google Scholar; John of Salisbury, Historia pontificalis (ed. R. L. Poole), p. 17Google Scholar).

^{page 53 note 1} inuenisse, A; r over ss expunged, D ².

^{page 53 note 2} om., E.

^{page 53 note a} See above, p. xxxv and p. lvi.

^{page 53 note b} There was war in Toulouse in the summer of 1159, and war in the Beau-voisis in October. A truce was made in November between Kings Henry and Louis which became a peace in May 1160. Arnulf was a witness to the peace (Eyton).

^{page 54 note 1} tum, A; altered to tum, E.

^{page 54 note 2} mag. desid., E.

^{page 54 note 3} presenta, A; i inserted, D ².

^{page 54 note 4} om., E.

^{page 54 note 5} tautum, A.

^{page 54 note 6} noluique, A; sed inserted, que expunged, D ².

^{page 54 note 7} reddit, A; di inserted, D ².

^{page 54 note a} The schism. See above, p. xl.

^{page 54 note b} Froger, formerly almoner of the king (Torigni, , p. 205Google Scholar and n. 3), and a one-time domesticus of Arnulf's (see next letter).

^{page 54 note c} William de Passavant.

^{page 54 note d} Achard.

^{page 54 note e} Cardinal-priest of St. Peter ad vincula. He arrived in Normandy about the end of 1159, and left probably in the autumn of 1161 (Ohnsorge, W., Die Legaten Alexanders III, pp. 37–43Google Scholar).

^{page 55 note 1} om. si … uenissem, E.

^{page 55 note 2} om., E.

^{page 55 note a} The quarrel between Arnulf and Silvester was concerned with the woods of Livet and Millouel (in the parish of St. Désir, Lisieux). The report to the pope of the judges-delegate, William de Passavant and Achard, announcing Silvester's submission, is printed by Sauvage, R. N., ‘Fragments d'un cartulaire de Saint-Pierre de Lisieux,’ Études Lexoviennes (1928), iii, 341–2.Google Scholar

^{page 55 note b} See above, p. xxxv, and the previous letter.

^{page 56 note 1} om., E.

^{page 56 note 2} reddisset, D ², A.

^{page 56 note 3} qui inserted and om. magna, D ².

^{page 56 note 4} om., E.

^{page 56 note 5} archidionatus, A, D ².

^{page 56 note a} Instrument of John in G.C., xi, instr. col. 160. He built a cloister and other offices for the canons (Torigni, , p. 149Google Scholar).

^{page 56 note b} See above, pp. xiv and xviii.

^{page 56 note c} ‘Decernimus quoque atque constituimus, ut archidiaconi Sagiensis ecclesiae, de vestris fratribus, vel vestro capitulo, vestroque consilio ab episcopo eligantur, et beneficia, et redditus, et quidquid eis de archidiaconatibus provenerit, in vestros regulares usus atque communes redigantur”, Instrument of John, loc. cit.

^{page 57 note 1} bona fide, E.

^{page 57 note 2} officio, opificio in margin, E.

^{page 57 note 3} orta, E.

^{page 57 note a} Austin abbey near Valence, Drôme. Pope Adrian IV had been one of its canons.

^{page 58 note 1} sumnam, D ².

^{page 58 note 2} add ipsum etiam uestrum cum eis, E.

^{page 58 note 3} add Item, A.

^{page 58 note 4} quo, E.

^{page 58 note 5} relig. intend., A; transposed, D ².

^{page 58 note 6} om., E.

^{page 58 note a} See above, p. xxxv, and the two preceding letters.

^{page 59 note 1} ascribi, E.

^{page 59 note 2} illius, E.

^{page 59 note a} Cf. St. Bernard, De Consideratione, (M.P.L., clxxxii), iii, 1Google Scholar, ‘Eis tu [Pope Eugenius III] successisti in haereditatem. Ita tu haeres et orbis haereditas. At quatenus haec portio te contingit, aut contigerit illos, id sobria consideratione pensandum’.

^{page 59 note b} Cf. St. Bernard, , op. cit., i, 9Google Scholar, ‘Praedecessores tui non ita consueverunt: eris molestus quam pluribus, quasi qui a patrum vestigiis subito deviaris: nempe id videberis agere in sugillationem illorum … Nec potes eorum omnia simul et subito vel errata corrigere, vel excessus redigere in modum. Erit cum acceperis tempus, ut secundum sapientiam tibi a Deo datam paulatim et opportune id studeas. Interim sane malo alterius utere in bonum quod potes’.

^{page 60 note 1} uideratur, D ², A.

^{page 60 note 2} rerum, A; r expunged, D ²; altered,. E.

^{page 61 note 1} uirtutis, E.

^{page 61 note 2} dereliquit, A.

^{page 61 note 3} add in, A; expunged, D ².

^{page 61 note 4} enim, E.

^{page 61 note 5} que, E.

^{page 61 note 6} promtior uel pronior, E.

^{page 62 note 1} erog. sol., E.

^{page 62 note 2} condempnant over evasion, D ².

^{page 62 note 3} enim os obstructum loquentium, A; erasure, D ².

^{page 62 note 4} transquillitate, D ².

^{page 62 note a} Apparently Froger's nephew, John. See ep. no. 33.

^{page 63 note 1} contrictio, A; c expunged, D ².

^{page 63 note 2} cari|caritate, A.

^{page 63 note 3} satisfactionis, Z.

^{page 63 note 4} quantum, Z.

^{page 63 note 5} om., Z.

^{page 63 note a} See above, p. xliii.

^{page 64 note 1} Almare, A.

^{page 64 note 2} firmasse, A.

^{page 64 note a} The exact dates of Richard's precentorship are not known. Richard Daumeri (other forms: Ricardus de Ameri, de Aumeri, de Aumari, Dameri), as precentor and archdeacon of Lincoln, witnesses a charter of Henry de Oilli, royal constable (Transcripts from the cartulary of the abbey of Thame, Brit. Mus. Cotton MS., Julius, C. vii, fo. 287^v). Henry, according to Eyton, held the office from 1155 to 1158, and died c. 1163–5. Later, as Richard, precentor of Lincoln, Arnulf's correspondent witnesses charters in October 1162 (The registrum antiquissimum of the cathedral church of Lincoln, ed. Foster, C. W. and Major, K., Lincoln Record Soc., 1931–1937, iii, 156Google Scholar) and in 1163–6 (Cartulary of Oseney abbey, ed. Rev. Salter, H. E., Oxford Hist. Soc., 1929–1936, v, 241Google Scholar). Still precentor, he and Richard of Ilchester, archdeacon of Poitiers, acted as royal guardians of the see of Lincoln and accounted for its revenues during its vacancy, 1167–73 (Rolls, Pipe, 14 Henry II–19 Henry II, The great roll of the pipe for the 13th year of the reign of King Henry the second, A.D. 1166–67, The Pipe Roll Soc., 1889, pp. 40 and 57Google Scholar etc.). Richard also attests a charter of Bishop Robert Chesney as a canon of Lincoln (Transcripts from the cartulary of the abbey of Thame, fo. 297v). His predecessor, Roger de Almaria (Le Neve's Roger de Derby), appointed in 1147–8 (The registrum antiquissimum, i, 262–3Google Scholar), is noticed as precentor c. 1150 (Transcripts of charters relating to the Gilbertine houses of Sixle, Ormsby, Catley, Bullington and Alvingham, ed. Steuton, F. M., Lincoln Record Soc., 1922, pp. 1 and 15Google Scholar), and in that capacity attests a charter dated 1156–62 (ibid., p. 3). It appears then that Richard became precentor c. 1157.

The request which is contained in this letter had previously been made in person by Arnulf to Richard, and from this we may perhaps infer that it was made in England. Arnulf was with the king at Lincoln in January 1155; but that date is probably too early. A more likely time is October 1163, when the bishop crossed to England to intercede between Henry and Becket, and when the royal court is found at Lincoln (Eyton).

^{page 65 note 1} add plerumque, E.

^{page 65 note 2} formabit, E.

^{page 65 note 3} turn, A; altered to turn, E; altered, D ².

^{page 65 note a} A Peter archdeacon of Poitiers occurs in 1148 (G.C., ii, instr. col. 376).

^{page 66 note 1} eumque, E.

^{page 66 note 2} cururrisse, A; altered, D ².

^{page 66 note 3} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 66 note b} After the embassies of Arnulf and Richard of Ilchester at the end of 1163, Geoffrey Ridel and John of Oxford were sent to the pope by Henry to ask for the legateship for the archbishop of York and confirmation of the Constitutions. They obtained a grant of the legateship under unsatisfactory conditions, and Henry then sent two lesser men who were successful in the matter of the profession of the abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, and claimed that Geoffrey and John had acted foolishly at the Curia (Mat., v, 89Google Scholar). It seems that Arnulf expected to go on this legation, and, when others were sent, wrote this letter to the pope. John of Salisbury, writing at about this time, thought that Arnulf was to go and undertake the business of the abbot of St. Augustine's (Mat., v, 101Google Scholar), and the legates echo Arnulf's complaints as to the intrigues of Becket's supporters at the Curia (ibid., v, 89). For the chronology see Eyton; Materials, v, passim; and above, p. xliii.

^{page 67 note 1} silentio res, E.

^{page 67 note 2} reputat, A.

^{page 67 note 3} sit. damp., E.

^{page 67 note 4} consumate, E.

^{page 67 note 5} absoluet, A; altered, D ².

^{page 68 note a} See previous letter and note.

^{page 68 note b} A reference to his championship of Alexander during the schism.

^{page 68 note c} This letter is followed in the MS. by the papal bull, dated 28 November at Sens, and it is printed by von Pflugk-Harttung, J., Acta pontificum romanorum (Tübingen, 1880–1888), ii, 369.Google Scholar

^{page 69 note 1} reliquid, MS.

^{page 69 note 2} Venerabili et dilecto domino et patri suo Thomae, Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, Ernulfus Luxoviensis episcopus, ad prosperitatem et salutem spiritu consilii et fortitudinis pervenire, R; no title or address, C ³.

^{page 69 note 3} add ter, R.

^{page 69 note 4} ut C ³.

^{page 69 note 5} ergo, R.

^{page 69 note 6} in mtuas, a inserted, C ³.

^{page 69 note 7} amplexis, C ³.

^{page 69 note 8} Arbitrantur, G.

^{page 69 note a} See above, p. xliv. This letter is also found in the contemporary collections of Becket correspondence, and Robertson's conflated text, based largely on these sources (Materials, v, 302Google Scholar), is collated as R.

^{page 70 note 1} leuitatis, R.

^{page 70 ntoe 2} magni|centiam, G.

^{page 70 note 3} nos, C ³.

^{page 70 note 4} extitit, G.

^{page 70 note 5} percepte, R.

^{page 70 note 6} quoniam, G.

^{page 70 note a} Quoted in a late thirteenth-century Durham MS. in the muniments of the dean and chapter, Loc., iii, 40, among other excerpts from the Becket correspondence, membrane 2 dorse, line 49, ‘Ne dissimulacio audaciam creet, vel insolenciam indulgencia prona confirmet.’

^{page 71 note 1} add et, C ³.

^{page 71 note 2} debitum, C ³.

^{page 71 note 3} Ch. sang., E.

^{page 71 note 4} cogitasse, R.

^{page 71 note 5} om. rer., C ³, R.

^{page 71 note a} A reference to the Constitutions of Clarendon.

^{page 72 note 1} uoluit uel uoluisset, E.

^{page 72 note 2} est im., E.

^{page 72 note 3} impunitate, R.

^{page 72 note 4} minus, G.

^{page 72 note 5} ues. caus., R.

^{page 72 note 6} quoniam, G.

^{page 72 note 7} censentur, E.

^{page 72 note 8} om., R.

^{page 73 note 1} aliquando uel quandoque, E.

^{page 73 note 2} ad exitium, C ³.

^{page 73 note 3} quam, G.

^{page 73 note 4} caus, uest., C ³, R.

^{page 73 note 5} ordinis sui debitum, R.

^{page 74 note 1} impendunt, G.

^{page 74 note 2} dissidio, R.

^{page 74 note 3} om., R.

^{page 74 note 4} effectu uel euentu, E.

^{page 74 note 5} non uota, C ³.

^{page 74 note 6} humiliori, R.

^{page 74 note 7} ordinem, C ³.

^{page 74 note 8} audatiam, C ³, R.

^{page 74 note 9} prouentibus, C ³, R.

^{page 74 note 10} tantum, G.

^{page 74 note 11} nec, R.

^{page 74 note 12} insistendum uel intendendum, E.

^{page 75 note 1} percepta, C ³, R.

^{page 75 note 2} que bonum uestram est, transposed from que uestram bonum est, E.

^{page 75 note 3} possit, R.

^{page 75 note 4} auctoritas, G.

^{page 75 note 5} quia, R.

^{page 75 note 6} uobis, G, R.

^{page 76 note 1} Domini sunt corda, R.

^{page 76 note 2} irrogauit, R.

^{page 76 note 3} actoris igitur, C ³.

^{page 76 note 4} sap. ues., R.

^{page 76 note 5} recurrendum, R.

^{page 76 note 6} inherete, E.

^{page 76 note 7} obsequiis, G.

^{page 76 note 8} sed, G.

^{page 77 note 1} non, R.

^{page 77 note 2} insert uelut quoddam holo. before pro fratribus, G.

^{page 77 note 3} est lib., E.

^{page 77 note 4} ergo, R.

^{page 77 note 5} om. federibus … quoscunque, G.

^{page 77 note a} Henry crossed to Normandy in February 1165 (Eyton).

^{page 77 note b} Unless the letter dates from 1168 this paragraph is rhetorical exaggeration. The whole tone of the letter, however, suggests that Becket had only recently gone into exile.

^{page 78 note 1} statum, G, C ³; erasure, E.

^{page 78 note 2} confusum, G, C ³; erasure, E.

^{page 78 note 3} neque, C ³.

^{page 78 note 4} quibuscumque, C ³, R.

^{page 78 note 5} plura, C ³.

^{page 78 note 6} Passage added by C ³and R.

^{page 78 note 7} Passage added by R.

^{page 78 note 8} R, E.

^{page 78 note a} Henry spoke with Louis on n April 1165 (Eyton; Louis Halphen, ‘Les entrevues des rois Louis VII et Henri II durant l'exil de Thomas Becket en France’, in Mélanges d'histoire offerts à M. Charles Bémont).

^{page 78 note b} There was trouble in Wales in 1164, and Henry returned for an expedition in May 1165 (Torigni, , pp. 222, 225Google Scholar; William of Newburgh, ‘Historia rerum angl.’ in Chron. of … Stephen, etc., i, 145Google Scholar; Eyton).

^{page 78 note c} Until recently precentor of the chapter of St. Aignan, Orleans. He had powerful supporters, for King Louis also wrote to the pope requesting his restoration. Alexander, in a firm refusal of the demand, dated 25 June 1165, states that he had been allowed to keep his prebend and provostship (H.F., xv, 837Google Scholar). Cuissard, ‘Dignitaires et chanoines de la collégiale de saint-Aignan’, in Bulletin soc. arch, hist, Orléans, xi (1895)Google Scholar, erroneously lists Reimbert on this evidence as occurring in 1175.

^{page 79 note 1} sicut ipse, E.

^{page 80 note a} The future King Philip Augustus was born on 21 August 1165 (Suger, , De glorioso rege Ludovico … [ed A. Molinier, 1887], pp. 176–8Google Scholar; Torigni, , p. 225Google Scholar).

^{page 80 note b} If this can be connected with the next letter there is a strong presumption that it concerns the case between Herbert, abbot of the Benedictine house of Grestain in the diocese of Lisieux, 1139–78, and John, a priest, which was decided by Foliot as judge-delegate (Foliot, ep. no. 181, M.P.L., cxc, 885Google Scholar, and no. 205, ibid., col. 910, which determines the date). After presenting John to the church of West Firle with its chapel Charlston in Sussex and in the diocese of Chichester, the abbot tried to disturb his tenure by the intrusion of Henry, a monk of the abbey. John appealed, and the pope appointed Foliot as judge, who then decided the case in his favour. The sentence was promulgated at the time when Foliot and Hilary of Chichester were about to go to the pope at the order of the king, and the only time that the two bishops visited the pope together on a legation was in October 1164 after the council of Northampton (Materials, ii, 336, 402Google Scholar; iii, 323 etc.). Nicholas, archdeacon of Middlesex, who witnesses Foliot's sentence, occurs in 1162 (Le Neve, , FastiGoogle Scholar). Also see above, p. xxxv.

The Editors of Gallia Christiana believed that this business concerned the abbot William I, who succeeded Herbert in 1180, and who was transferred to the abbey of St. Martin of Poutoise in 1185. This would mean that Arnulf was occupied with the case during his exile and after his resignation of the bishopric. Yet such a manifest error was repeated by Deshays, (op. cit., supra, p. xiii), ii, 70Google Scholar? and by the author of a modern monograph on the abbey, Ch. Bréard, , L'abbaye de Notre-Dame de Grestain (Rouen, 1904), pp. 44–57.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 1} uidelicet, E.

^{page 81 note 2} om., E.

^{page 81 note 3} Cristanensem, A.

^{page 81 note a} Cf. St. Bernard, , De considerations, (M.P.L., clxxxii), iii, 2Google Scholar, ‘Non est autem suffugium appellatio, sed refugium’.

^{page 81 note b} See note to preceding letter.

^{page 81 note c} Herbert's lawsuit was sub judice in the summer of 1164 (see preceding letter), and it is likely that this warning was sent in the next year. This is an important date, for on it hangs the whole chronology. We know then that Herbert left for England in April or May 1164, just before the hearing of his case, and that fixes the date of the next letter, which was written when Herbert had been in England almost two years.

^{page 82 note 1} enim, E.

^{page 82 note 2} Part of this Utter is repeated in ep. no. 49 (q.v.), which occurs uniquely in C ³. It is that version which is collated here, and not the normal version which also is to be found in C ³.

^{page 82 note 3} add dominum, A.

^{page 82 note 4} Beginning of the passage repeated in ep, no. 49 (q.v.); see note 2.

^{page 82 note 5} poterunt, E.

^{page 82 note 6} dissonabant, C ³.

^{page 82 note 7} timorem, C ³.

^{page 82 note 8} om., C ³.

^{page 82 note a} For a list of the possessions of Grestain in England, see King Richard's charter of 1189, printed Dugdale, , Monasticon Anglicanum (ed. J. Caley), vi, 2, 1090–1Google Scholar, and in two versions by Bréard, , op. cit., pp. 199Google Scholar, seqq.

^{page 82 note b} See the two preceding letters.

^{page 82 note c} See previous page, note c.

^{page 83 note 1} nec, C ³.

^{page 83 note 2} impediendum, C ³.

^{page 83 note 3} cucurisse, C ³.

^{page 83 note 4} cutellis, C ³.

^{page 83 note 5} prouidia, D ².

^{page 83 note 6} in mensam, C ³; altered from immensam, D ².

^{page 83 note 7} uiderentur, E.

^{page 83 note 8} inoantante, C ³.

^{page 83 note 9} pernicem, C ³.

^{page 83 note 10} adaucto, C ³.

^{page 83 note 11} district|ctione, D ².

^{page 83 note 12} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 83 note 13} nichil sibi, E, C ³.

^{page 83 note 14} add quasi, A, C ³; quas expunged, D ².

^{page 83 note a} Cf. the tart story concerning St. Bernard's failure to perform a miracle given in Mapes, Walter' De nugis curialium (Camden Soc., vol. 1), p. 42.Google Scholar

^{page 84 note 1} mereantur, E.

^{page 84 note 2} om., A; inserted, D ².

^{page 84 note 3} cutello, C ³.

^{page 84 note 4} om., C ³.

^{page 84 note 5} duxerunt uel dixerunt, E.

^{page 84 note 6} conseruantiam, C ³.

^{page 84 note 7} om., C ³.

^{page 84 note 8} adimplendum uir., C ³.

^{page 84 note 9} End of the passage repeated in ep. no. 49; see p. 82, n. 4.

^{page 85 note 1} aliqui, E.

^{page 85 note 2} ord. dig., E.

^{page 85 note 3} seu. apost., E.

^{page 85 note 4} Arnulfus, dei gratia Lexouiensis episcopus, dilecto fratri Herberto, abbati Gristanensi, salutem, C ³.

^{page 85 note 5} absen|sentiarum, D ².

^{page 85 note a} There were about a dozen in the province, and, of these, only Ste. Barbe-en-Auge in the diocese of Lisieux is well known.

^{page 85 note b} See note to ep. no. 45.

^{page 86 note 1} dis|cere, D ²; discedere, C ³, (A); discurrere, E.

^{page 86 note 2} add diem dominice ascensionis, C ³.

^{page 86 note 3} add Valete, C ³.

^{page 86 note 4} monasterium, MS.

^{page 86 note a} See p. 81, n. c. Part of a letter is inserted in this epistle which occurs in all the MSS. (no. 47). If this longer version is in the form in which it was sent to the pope, the insertion is made to give additional incidents, although it is in part redundant.

^{page 87 note 1} poten|tentie, MS.

^{page 87 note 2} expositis, first hand.

^{page 88 note a} See above, pp. xlvii, seqq.

^{page 90 note 1} omnen, MS.

^{page 90 note 2} Placet, first hand.

^{page 90 note 3} Abb. West., E, A.

^{page 90 note a} Arnulf was using him as a messenger in 1164 (Materials, v, 147).

^{page 90 note b} Geoffrey.

^{page 90 note c} Nevertheless, Herbert was apparently able to keep his position until his death in 1178 (Torigni, , p. 280Google Scholar, and see p. 176, note 6).

^{page 90 note d} 1158 (?)-11 April 1173 (E. H. Pearce, Monks of Westminster, p. 44).

^{page 91 note 1} om. sed ei, A; inserted, D ².

^{page 91 note 2} Rep. mi. pot., A; transposed, D ²; poc. mi. rep., E.

^{page 91 note a} Donationis … meretur is inserted in a charter hand. For the importance of this, see above, p. lxxiv.

^{page 92 note 1} reliquerunt uel reddiderunt, E.

^{page 92 note 2} reddidit, E.

^{page 92 note 3} om., E.

^{page 92 note a} See above, p. 28, note b.

^{page 93 note 1} requirit, E.

^{page 93 note 2} exhibet, E.

^{page 93 note a} Non-resident archdeacon, 1162/3–1173; bishop of Winchester. For his career see D.N.B., xlviii, 194Google Scholar, and Powicke, F. M., The loss of Normandy (Manchester, 1913), pp. 73–5Google Scholar. He was in Normandy in 1166 (Eyton).

^{page 94 note 1} un. al., E.

^{page 94 note 2} add etiam, E.

^{page 94 note 3} altered to funguntur, A.

^{page 94 note 4} Venerabili et dilecto patri abbati Cistercienti, A., del gratia Lex' episc', salutem, Z; om. et fratres eius, A.

^{page 94 note 5} accessit, Z.

^{page 94 note a} 1163–7, an Englishman, one-time abbot of Ourscamp, which was the mother house of Mortemer. See above, p. xlv.

^{page 94 note b} There are two versions of this letter. The longer, but very inaccurate version, which probably represents the unedited state, occurs in a seventeenth-century St. Victor, Paris, letter-book, MS. Paris, B.N., latin 14615, ff. 306^v–8 (see Luchaire, A.'s ‘Etudes sur quelques mss. de Rome et de Paris’, in Bibl. de la fac. des lettres, Univ. Paris (1899)Google Scholar, and ‘Note additionelle aux études …’, ibid. (1901). It is here collated as Z, and, where the texts differ widely, the seventeenth-century version is given in the right-hand column.

^{page 95 note 1} Si quae, Z.

^{page 95 note 2} coniutata, Z.

^{page 95 note 3} abrumpunt, Z.

^{page 95 note 4} ad hoc, Z.

^{page 95 note 5} in uitiis, Z.

^{page 95 note 6} hac, Z.

^{page 95 note 7} obsistes, Z.

^{page 95 note 8} om., A, Z; inserted, D ².

^{page 95 note 9} add solum, Z; add scilicet, A; scilicet expunged, D ².

^{page 95 note 10} praecedente, Z.

^{page 95 note 11} turn, E, Z.

^{page 95 note 12} et, Z; et inserted, A.

^{page 95 note 13} silicet, Z.

^{page 95 note 14} consumantur, Z, E.

^{page 95 note 15} Q and space, Z.

^{page 95 note 16} eiusmodi, A; eiusdemmodi, Z.

^{page 95 note 17} peruenire, Z.

^{page 95 note 18} equirenda, Z.

^{page 95 note 19} desid. et prec., Z.

^{page 95 note 20} quo, Z.

^{page 95 note 21} om., leaving space, Z.

^{page 95 note a} The abbot would be Geoffrey. Arnulf was certainly a friend of the next abbot, Richard de Blosseville. For this and the abbey of Mortemer, see ep. no. 117 and note.

^{page 96 note 1} dotuum, Z.

^{page 96 note 2} mandate, Z.

^{page 96 note 3} add scilicet, A; expunged, D ².

^{page 96 note 4} constituendam, Z.

^{page 96 note 5} om., leaving space, Z.

^{page 96 note 6} commeato, Z.

^{page 96 note 7} om., Z.

^{page 96 note 8} add si vobis ita uideatur, Z.

^{page 96 note 9} merita, Z.

^{page 96 note 10} add est, MS.

^{page 96 note 11} qui, MS.

^{page 96 note 12} inde vtinam perueniant, Z.

^{page 96 note 13} aliqui, Z.

^{page 96 note 14} pro electione, Z.

^{page 96 note 15} nostrae, MS.

^{page 97 note 1} ut, E.

^{page 97 note 2} rescriptio, Z.

^{page 97 note 3} aliquo, E.

^{page 97 note 4} confirmat, and add Valete, Z.

^{page 97 note 5} M; no address, C ³.

^{page 97 note 6} fragilitatis, C ³.

^{page 96 note a} For the contents of the letter, see above, p. xlvii. The letter is found in two forms. This version is given only by C ³ and the Bodleian MS. e Mus. 249, fo. 104^v (see Robertson, , Materials, v, xxiiiGoogle Scholar). It is collated here as MS. A longer version appears in all the 2nd edition MSS. of Arnulf's letters, and in MSS. D ² and A (see below, pp. 106, seqq.). The short version clearly dates from the summer of 1169; but the longer version has an insertion in which events of a later date are mentioned, and the earlier narrative is thrown into the past tense. It seems reasonable to conclude, then, that in December 1170 Arnulf used the same letter that he had sent to the pope on Gilbert's behalf in 1169, altering it here and there, and bringing it up to date by an insertion and by suitable changes of tense. The increment appears as a separate letter in C ³, with an indication that the introduction to the shorter form should precede it, but that verbs should be altered into the past tense. This, however, is a faulty reconstruction of the longer version.

^{page 98 note 1} auctor, C ³.

^{page 98 note 2} nouerit, M.

^{page 98 note 3} se totam, M.

^{page 98 note 4} ne, c expunged, C ³.

^{page 98 note a} Becket excommunicated him on 13 April 1169 (Diceto, , i, 333Google Scholar; Materials, vi, 558 and 595Google Scholar), and the sentence was delivered at St. Paul's on 29 May (Materials, vi, 603Google Scholar). For his own view of the sentence, see Materials, vi, 595Google Scholar, and for Henry's, ibid., vi, 600. Foliot had anticipated the sentence by appeal (Diceto, , i, 333Google Scholar).

^{page 99 note 1} om., M.

^{page 99 note 2} om., M.

^{page 99 note 3} uestro, M.

^{page 99 note 4} om., M.

^{page 99 note 5} om., C ³

^{page 99 note 6} prouectum over prouendum, C ³.

^{page 99 note 7} apost. huic, M.

^{page 99 note 8} incolumen, M; om. Dominus … incolumem, C ³.

^{page 100 note 1} Domino pape Lex., C ³; Domino papae Alexandra, episcopi et clerus Normanniae, salutem et obedientiam, R.

^{page 100 note 2} angelorum, D ²; Angliae, R.

^{page 100 note 3} s expunged, C ³; ei, R.

^{page 100 note 4} add ecclesiasticarum personarum et optimatum regni sui consilio pro amore uestro, R.

^{page 100 note 5} dig. prist., R.

^{page 100 note 6} For Visum … adeo, read Cum igitur inter dominum regem et nuntios uestros super hoc tractatus prolixior incidisset, in verbo utrimque complacito novissime convenerunt; ita scilicet, R.

^{page 100 note a} See above, p. xlvi. When this letter appears in the collections of Becket correspondence (printed Robertson, , Materials, vii, 89Google Scholar; here collated as R), it is ascribed to the bishops and clergy of Normandy. This is not inconsonant with Arnulf's authorship, and there is no reason to suspect it, although other letters written at this juncture are very similar in content (cf. letters of Rotrou of Rouen and Bernard of Nevers, Materials, vii, 85–8).

^{page 100 note b} Vivian and Gratian were appointed commissioners by the pope about 1 April 1169 (Materials, vi, 537Google Scholar).

^{page 100 note c} This meeting was at Bur-le-Roi, near Bayeux, on 1 and 2 September 1169. It is stated that Arnulf was present (Materials, vii, 70–5).Google Scholar

^{page 101 note 1} pot. pro., E.

^{page 101 note 2} adimit, R.

^{page 101 note 3} regia uel regalis, E.

^{page 101 note 4} poss. deuot., E, R.

^{page 101 note 5} amplectandas, R. dat. uob. a deo, C ³, R.

^{page 101 note 7} add, Dominus personam uestram ecclesiae suae per tempora multa conservet incolumem, R.

^{page 101 note 8} Arnulfus, del gratia Lexouiensis episcopus, dilectis fratribus Roberto priori totique capitulo Bernacensi, salutem et dei benedictionem, C ³.

^{page 101 note 9} om., D ², C ³.

^{page 101 note 10} superbia, C ³.

^{page 101 note a} Abbot Richard I of this Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Lisieux and department of Eure, died in 1169 (Torigni, , p. 242Google Scholar), and his successor seems to have been a certain Joscelin (G.C.).

^{page 102 note 1} add me, C ³.

^{page 102 note 2} add ut, C ³.

^{page 102 note 3} add autem, C ³.

^{page 102 note 4} preeuente, D ².

^{page 102 note a} As there is one corruption of a proper name in this letter (see next note), it is conceivable that Errardus may also be wrong. If Edwardus could be read, there is the possibility that it refers to Edward Grim, who was thus present at the martyrdom. Bosham, when mentioning him among the eruditi, says, ‘Quern hie per se ab aliis seorsum pono, quia ipse etsi de provincia, de archi-praesulis tamen proprio familia non erat : sed causa hie ad archipraesulem suum, nuper tune reversum ab exilio, visendum venerat’ (Materials, iii, 529Google Scholar). For biographical details, see Materials, ii, xlvGoogle Scholarseqq.; Bosham, ibid., iii, 498; Fitz Stephen, ibid., iii, 139; and ibid, and Anon. I, Materials, iv, 76 and 77Google Scholar, where he is called Mr. Edward.

^{page 102 note b} The church must be in the diocese of Canterbury, but the name is obviously corrupt. Saltwood, Kent, Saltewode, might easily be read as Sautemonde by a scribe unfamiliar with English place names, and the patronage of that church seems to have been in the hands of Bee in the twelfth century. Porée, (Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec (Evreux, 1901), i, 469–70Google Scholar) says that the church of Saltwood was granted with its chapels, tithes and lands to Bee, and especially to the daughter priory of St. Philbert, by Hugh de Montfort, shortly after the foundation of the priory. The grant was confirmed by Archbishop Ralph (1114–22), by Archbishop Theobald and by Kings Henry I and Henry II. The advowson must almost certainly have been included in this general grant of the church. In the thirteenth century, however, the archbishop of Canterbury was patron (cf. Registrum Epist. J. Peckham, Arch. Cant. (Rolls Series), iii, 1014Google Scholar), and the change seems to be the result of an agreement made between Stephen Langton and the abbey, in which the archbishop declares that the priory of St. Philbert is to receive a pension from the church of Saltwood, and that the archbishop is to have the advowson (Inspeximus by Pecham of an inspeximus by Kilwardby of the agreement, calendared, ibid., iii, 1065; charter of Langton, transcribed by Miss K. Major from Lambeth Chartae Misc. xi, no. 41, in an unpublished Oxford B.Litt. thesis on the Acta of Stephen Langton, document 103).

^{page 103 note 1} ? for eam.

^{page 103 note a} William of the White Hands, son of Theobald, count of Blois and Champagne, and brother-in-law of Louis VII, king of France; 1165 bishop of Chartres, 1168 added archbishopric of Sens, 1176–1202 archbishop of Reims, 1179 cardinal-priest of St. Sabina. He was a distinguished patron of scholars. See John R. Williams, ut supra, p. xxiii, for bibliography, and see supra, p. xiv, for Arnulf's relations with this family.

^{page 103 note b} King Henry was enforcing his claim on Berri which the king of France and Theobald of Blois contested. A truce was made between the two kings in November 1170 (Benedict, , i, 10Google Scholar).

^{page 104 note 1} discretis, CC.

^{page 104 note 2} add simul, CC.

^{page 104 note a} See above, p. xlvii. The letter is repeated in C ³ on fo. 147, and it is collated here as CC.

^{page 105 note 1} et repeated, C ³.

^{page 105 note 2} om., CC.

^{page 105 note 3} deducta, CC.

^{page 105 note 4} om., CC.

^{page 105 note 5} omnique, CC.

^{page 105 note a} 22 July 1170 at Fréteval. See Materials, vii, 343 and 346.Google Scholar

^{page 105 note b} Exeter, Chester, Rochester, St. Asaph, Llandaff, York and Durham (Materials, vii, 360 and 364Google Scholar).

^{page 105 note c} London and Salisbury (Materials, vii, 360Google Scholar).

^{page 105 note d} For the pope's charges, see his letter to the archbishop of York (Materials, vii, 364Google Scholar).

^{page 106 note 1} scintilla, CC.

^{page 106 note 2} om. Omnipotens … incolumem, CC.

^{page 106 note 3} Domino pape Lexou., C ³.

^{page 106 note 4} Personam domini Lond. etcetera, ut supra, vsque ‘capiti nescientis illisit’ (p. 107, line 15), nisi quia ibi ‘trahitur’, hic in ‘Tractus est’ mutatur. Sequitur, ‘Quod auditum uestre nimirum …’ (p. 108, line 21), C ³.

^{page 106 note a} For the contents of the letter, see above, p. xlvii. For its form, see above, p. 97, where the earlier and shorter version is printed. Of the longer version C3 only gives the text of the increment, and a faulty indication as to the reconstruction of the whole letter. This course of creating two letters quite distinct except for a common introduction and conclusion was taken, perhaps, in order to avoid repetition. The later letter, however, could not have existed independently as it appears in C ³.

^{page 107 note 1} om., E.

^{page 107 note 2} expugnatur, E.

^{page 107 note 3} infestatur, E.

^{page 107 note a} See above, p. 98, note a.

^{page 108 note 1} C ³takes up from p. 107, line 15, with Quod auditum uestre.

^{page 108 note 2} om. ab isto, C ³.

^{page 108 note 3} intrusus uel re., E.

^{page 108 note a} The piece which has been interpolated to adapt the letter to its use in 1170 (see above, p. 97, note a) begins here. C ³ can now be used for collation.

^{page 108 note b} He was absolved at Rouen at Easter 1170 (Diceto, , i, 338Google Scholar). For the conditions, see Materials, vii, 273.Google Scholar

^{page 108 note c} After the coronation of the young Henry he was excommunicated again (Materials, vii, 363 and 399Google Scholar), and the sentence was served on 1 December 1170 (Eyton).

^{page 109 note 1} om., C ³.

^{page 109 note 2} recrescebat, C ³.

^{page 109 note 3} facte expunged, C ³.

^{page 109 note 4} amplexamur, C ³.

^{page 109 note 5} of|offerendas, D ².

^{page 109 note 6} quia, C ³.

^{page 109 note 7} om., C ³.

^{page 109 note 8} add enim, C ³.

^{page 109 note a} Cf. Materials, vii, 490.Google Scholar

^{page 109 note b} The excommunication was removed at Chaumont on 1 August 1171 (Diceto, , i, 347Google Scholar); his suspension at Aumale on 1 May 1172 (ibid., i, 351).

^{page 110 note 1} C³'s version of the later letter ends here.

^{page 110 note 2} Domino pape pro Salesbiriensi episcopo, C ³.

^{page 110 note a} He almost reached Rome after his first excommunication (Diceto, , i. 335Google Scholar; Materials, vii, 275Google Scholar).

^{page 110 note b} This is the end of the increment (see above, p. 97, note a, and p. 108, note a).

^{page 110 note c} See above, p. xlvii.

^{page 110 note d} Joscelin was suspended on the return of Becket on 1 December for complicity in the coronation of the young king (Eyton; Diceto, , i, 340Google Scholar; Materials, vii, 360Google Scholar). In April 1171 the pope gave permission for him to have conditional absolution because of his weak health (Materials, vii, 481Google Scholar).

^{page 111 note 1} om., C ³.

^{page 111 note 2} transpose the two si clauses, C ³.

^{page 111 note a} Reginald, archdeacon of Salisbury and Joscelin's son, was employed by Henry on his business. See Materials, vi, 273, 537Google Scholar and elsewhere, and cf. Peter of Blois, ep. no. 24, M.P.L., ccvii, 86Google Scholar, and Materials iii, 524.Google Scholar

^{page 112 note 1} misereri, C ³; altered, D ².

^{page 112 note 2} add in, E.

^{page 112 note 3} consumare, E.

^{page 112 note 4} merita, C ³.

^{page 112 note 5} armata, MS.

^{page 112 note a} John de Belmeis, treasurer of York, bishop of Poitiers 1162, and later archbishop of Lyons (D.N.B.).

^{page 113 note 1} Uenerabili fratri et amico karissimo, Ernulfo, del gratia Ebroicensi electo, Arnulfus, Lexouiensis ecclesie humilis minister, salutem, C ³.

^{page 113 note 2} ? propinquitate, D ².

^{page 113 note 3} secundat, C ³.

^{page 113 note 4} add Valete, C ³.

^{page 113 note a} For Giles, see note a to ep. no. 1.

^{page 114 note 1} Venerabili et dilecto patri et amico, B., dei gratia Nouiomensi episcopo, Arnulfus Lexouiensis ecclesie humilis minister, salutem cum omni uere dilectionis affectu, C ³.

^{page 114 note 2} huiuscemodi, E.

^{page 114 note 3} Rad., C ³.

^{page 114 note 4} om., leaving space, C ³.

^{page 114 note 5} C ³adds this unique passage.

^{page 114 note a} 1167–74 or 1175.

^{page 114 note b} See above, pp. xlviii, seq.

^{page 115 note a} Dean of Salisbury, bishop of Bayeux, 1164–1205.

^{page 115 note b} There was a family of Louvets who were lords of Bonneville la Louvet, situated between Cormeilles and Pont l'Eveque, and there is a Henry Louvet at this time who had a son Robert (d'Anisy, Léchaudé, Les anciennes abbayes de Normandie, i, 97Google Scholar no. 31 and p. 98 no. 36, etc.).

^{page 115 note c} William de Tournebu, bishop of Coutances, ante 1183.

^{page 115 note d} Bishop of Avranches, 1171.

^{page 116 note 1} interlined over indultum, MS.

^{page 116 note 2} Arnulfus, dei gratia Lexouiensis ecclesie humilis minister, uiro eruditoc et eloquenti, Nicholao, priori Sancti Iohannis, salutem, C³.

^{page 116 note a} There are two Collevilles in the diocese of Bayeux, Colleville-sur-Orne, 13 kms. N.N.E. of Caen, and Colleville-sur-Mer, the same distance N.W. of Bayeux. Arnulf says that he had a manor in the parish; but unfortunately the episcopal estates are not known with precision at this time.

^{page 116 note b} Arramarensis, the Benedictine house of Montiéramey, about 20 kms. S.E. of Troyes in the diocese of Sens. Mr. Nicholas of Clairvaux or of Montiéramey was a monk of the latter house, but changed to the Cistercian order and became secretary to St. Bernard. Through his insinuating grace he became a person of some importance; but in 1151 he was guilty of forging St. Bernard's seal. Later he returned to Montiéramey and became prior of its cell or priory of St. Jean Châtel, afterwards known as St. Blaise, in the city of Troyes, before 1161, and died before 1178 (Besse, J. M., Abbayes et prieurés: Province ecclés. de Sens (Archives de la France monastique, 1913)Google Scholar; Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Montiéramey, ed. Lalore, C. and Pigeotte, L. (1890), pp. 73 and 98Google Scholar; H.L., xiii, 553Google Scholar).

^{page 117 note 1} add Quod, C ³.

^{page 117 note 2} quod inserted, D ².

^{page 117 note 3} nullas umquam, C ³.

^{page 117 note 4} nulla michi, C ³.

^{page 117 note 5} habeo, C ³.

^{page 117 note 6} add et, C ³.

^{page 117 note a} Henry I, the Liberal, count of Meaux, and 1152 count of Champagne and Brie; c. 1127–81. Arnulf had known him on the Crusade, and Henry appears to have been a personal friend of Nicholas (Cartulaire de … Montiéramey, pp. 74, 76, 85Google Scholar, etc.). For Arnulf's relations with this family, see above, p. xiv.

^{page 118 note 1} aptare, C ³.

^{page 118 note 2} accepi, C ³.

^{page 118 note 3} qua, C ³.

^{page 118 note 4} add Valete, C ³.

^{page 118 note a} Henry founded the college of St. Stephen at Troyes for fifty canons, and he himself, lies buried in his fine church (Besse, , op. cit.Google Scholar).

^{page 118 note b} The Benedictine abbey of St. Désir in the suburbs of Lisieux, of which the history is extremely obscure between 1113 and 1233. See the Simon, Abbé G. A., Liste des abbesses de Saint-Désir de Lisieux (1928).Google Scholar

^{page 118 note c} Richard de Bohun.

^{page 119 note 1} add sui, MS.

^{page 119 note 2} reuer|rentiam, MS.

^{page 119 note 3} persoluerint, 1st hand, MS.

^{page 119 note a} Benedictine nunnery of Montivilliers, 6 kms. north of Le Havre, in the diocese of Rouen. See above, p. xxxvi.

^{page 120 note 1} zelus, 1st hand, MS.

^{page 120 note 2} Ad episcopum Ebroicensem, C ³.

^{page 120 note 3} (add monachi, G, H, H¹ and H²).

^{page 120 note 4} (add legati, G, H, H¹ and H²).

^{page 120 note 5} om., C³.

^{page 120 note 6} ipsam, C ³.

^{page 120 note 7} om., C³.

^{page 120 note 8} sentat, C ³.

^{page 120 note 9} The letter is repeated on fo. 64 in D², where it is marked with a marginal vacat.

^{page 120 note a} Vasouy, near Honfleur.

^{page 120 note b} For Giles, see above, p. 1, note a; and for the matter, see above, p. xxxvii.