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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF ENGRAVER BEETLES (SCOLYTIDAE: IPS SPECIES) ON MONTEREY PINES INFECTED WITH PITCH CANKER

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Joseph W. Fox ,
David L. Wood  and
Carlton S. Koehler
Joseph W. Fox
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720
David L. Wood
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720
Carlton S. Koehler
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720
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Abstract

Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. and Reink.) Nelson, Toussoun, and Marasas, a pine pathogen recently identified in California, may increase the distribution and abundance of Ips spp. on Monterey pines in Santa Cruz Co., CA. In all pine stands, Ips spp. tunneled into healthy branches and boles. Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) was the most abundant engraver beetle observed, followed by I. paraconfusus Lanier; I. plastographus (LeConte) was rare. Ips mexicanus was routinely captured in traps baited with racemic I. paraconfusus pheromone. During die winter, I. mexicanus excavated mass feeding cavities in shade-suppressed branches. In uninfected stands, 3% of the trees and only 0.3% of the branches were mass-attacked. In severely infected stands, 47% of the top one-third of the trees, 3% of all branches, and 91% of the branches declining due to infection by F. subglutinans were mass-attacked by Ips spp. On pitch canker-infected trees, I. mexicanus attacked cones and stems <1 cm in diameter. Sixty percent of the attacks on logs occurred inside or within 5 cm of the area covered with pitch canker-induced resin. When confined with logs, 45% of I. paraconfusus tunneled in or near pitch canker-induced resinous areas,21% near fresh chisel wounds, and 19% near resinous material produced by the Sequoia pitch moth. Synanthedon sequoiae (Hy. Edwards).

Résumé

Le chancre de poix, occasionné par Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. et Reink.) Nelson. Toussoun et Marasas, un champignon pathogène récemment identifié en Californie, pourrait augmenter la distribution et l’abondance d’Ips spp. sur les pins de Monterey au comté de Santa Cruz, CA. Dans tous les groupes de pins, Ips spp. ont creusé dans les branches saines et dans les troncs sains. Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) a été le scolyte les plus actif, suivi de I. paraconfusus Lanier; I. plastographus (LeConte) s’est avéré rare. Ips mexicanus a été pris régulièrement au pièges amorcés de la phéromone racémique d’I. paraconfusus. Pendant l’hiver, I. mexicanus a percé en masse des cavités d’alimentation dans les branches supprimées par l’ombrage. Pour les groupes non-infestés, 3% des arbres et seulement 0.3% des branches ont été attaqués par des masses d’insectes. Pour les groupes sévèrement infestés, 47% de la troisième partie de la cime des arbres, 3% de toutes les branches, et 91% des branches en diminution à cause d’affectation par F. subglutinans ont été attaquées en masse par Ips spp. Dans le cas des arbres infestés par le chancre de poix, I. mexicanus a attaqué les cônes et les tiges <1 cm en diamètre. Soixante pour cent des attaques des rondins ont eu lieu en dedans ou autour de 5 cm de l’étendue couverte de résine de poix provoquée par le chancre. Restreints aux rondins, 45% d’I. paraconfusus ont creusé en dedans ou près des étendues résineuses provoquée par le chancre de poix, 21% ont creusé près des blessures fraîches de ciseaux, et 19% ont creusé près de matériau résineux produit par le nodulier du sequoia, Synanthedon sequoiae (Hy. Edwards).

Type
Research Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 6 , December 1990 , pp. 1157 - 1166
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

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