Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T16:07:26.277Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of crowding on larval diapause and adult body size in Monochamus alternatus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2016

Katsumi Togashi
Katsumi Togashi*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: togashi@fr.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To determine the effect of larval crowding on induction of diapause in Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), newly hatched larvae were inoculated singly (density 1) or in pairs (density 2) on Pinus thunbergii Parlatore (Pinaceae) bolts and reared at 25 °C and 16 light:8 dark hour photoperiod. Adults emerged at density 1 and 2 between 75 and 139 days after the inoculation. About 150 days after larval inoculation, dissection of pine bolts indicated the incidence of larval diapause was greater at density 1 (0.536) than at density 2 (0.222), indicating inversely density-dependent induction of diapause. For both larval densities, the probability of entering diapause increased as bark surface area per larva (a proxy for per capita amount of food available) increased, showing that diapause induction can be explained by the amount of food available per larva. Adults that emerged at density 1 were heavier than those at density 2. When diapause and nondiapause insects occurred in the same pine bolts, six heavy adults had experienced diapause whereas three heavy adults had not, indicating that bark surface area affected the induction of diapause indirectly through larval interaction. The relationship between two different manners of density-dependent diapause induction and food supply is discussed.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 149 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 159 - 173
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Jon Sweeney

References

Abdelghany, A.Y., Suthisut, D., and Fields, P.G. 2015. The effect of diapause and cold acclimation on the cold-hardiness of the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 147: 158–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, T. and Strong, R.G. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. glabrum . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68: 105–114.Google Scholar
Barak, A.V. and Burkholder, W.E. 1977. Studies on the biology of Attagenus elongatulus Casey (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and the effects of larval crowding on pupation and life cycle. Journal of Stored Products Research, 13: 169–175.Google Scholar
Beck, S.D. 1971a. Growth and retrogression in larvae of Trogoderma glabrum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). 1. Characteristics under feeding and starvation conditions. Annals of Entomological Society of America, 64: 149–155.Google Scholar
Beck, S.D. 1971b. Growth and retrogression in larvae of Trogoderma glabrum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). 2. Factors influencing pupation. Annals of Entomological Society of America, 64: 946–949.Google Scholar
Bell, C.H. 1994. A review of diapause in stored product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 30: 99–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, C.H. and Bowley, C.R. 1980. Effect of photoperiod and temperature on diapause in a Florida strain of the tropical warehouse moth Ephestia cautella . Journal of Insect Physiology, 26: 533–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botella, L.M. and Mensua, J.L. 1987. Larval diapause induced by crowding in Chymomyza costata (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici, 53: 41–47.Google Scholar
Brown, G.C., Berryman, A.A., and Bogyo, T.P. 1979. Density-dependent induction of diapause in the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 111: 431–433.Google Scholar
Burges, H.D. 1962. Diapause, pest status and control of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. Annals of Applied Biology, 50: 614–617.Google Scholar
Burges, H.D. 1963. Studies on the dermestid beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. VI. Factors inducing diapause. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 54: 571–587.Google Scholar
Burges, H.D. and Cammell, M.E. 1964. Effects of temperature and humidity on Trogoderma anthrenoides (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and comparisons with related species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 55: 313–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danks, H.V. 1987. Insect dormancy: an ecological perspective. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Danks, H.V. 2007. The elements of seasonal adaptations in insects. The Canadian Entomologist, 139: 1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbert, A. and Levinson, H.Z. 1979. Regulation of diapause in larvae of Trogoderma variabile by population density. Naturwissenshaften, 66: 621–622.Google Scholar
Enda, N. and Kitajima, H. 1990. Rearing of adults and larvae of the Taiwanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus Hope, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) on artificial diets. In Transactions of the 101st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society. Edited by the Japanese Forestry Society. The Japanese Forestry Society, Tokyo, Japan. Pp. 503–504. [In Japanese].Google Scholar
Geri, C. and Goussard, F. 1989. Incidence de l’importance numérique des colonies larvaires sur l’induction de la diapause de Diprion pini L. (Hym. Diprionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 108: 131–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagstrum, D.W. and Silhacek, D.L. 1980. Diapause induction in Ephestia cautella: an interaction between genotype and crowding. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 28: 29–39.Google Scholar
Iwao, S. 1956. The effect of population density on the induction of diapause in the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Physiology and Ecology Japan, 7: 28–38. [In Japanese with English summary].Google Scholar
Kishi, Y. 1976. Occurrence prediction of Monochamus alternatus adults using overwintered larvae confined in split wood. Forest Pests, 25: 96–98. [In Japanese].Google Scholar
Lindgren, B.S. and Raffa, K.F. 2013. Evolution of tree killing in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): trade-offs between the maddening crowds and a sticky situation. The Canadian Entomologist, 145: 471–495.Google Scholar
Liu, Z.D., Gong, P.Y., Li, D.M., and Wei, W. 2010. Pupal diapause of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mediated by larval host plants: pupal weight is important. Journal of Insect Physiology, 56: 1863–1870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsuo, Y. 2006. Cost of prolonged diapause and its relationship to body size in a seed predator. Functional Ecology, 20: 300–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, K.S.S. and Desai, A.K. 1972. Some new findings on factors inducing diapause in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 8: 27–54.Google Scholar
Nakakita, H. 1982. Effect of larval density on pupation of Tribolium freemani Hinton (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 17: 269–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura-Matori, K. 2008. Vector-host tree relationships and the abiotic environment. In Pine wilt disease. Edited by B.G. Zhao, K. Futai, J.R. Sutherland, and Y. Takeuchi. Springer, Tokyo, Japan. Pp. 144–161.Google Scholar
Partida, G.J. and Strong, R.G. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. variabile . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68: 115–125.Google Scholar
Saunders, D.S. 1975. Manipulation of the length of sensitive period, and the induction of pupal diapause in the flesh-fly, Sarcophaga argyrostoma . Journal of Entomology Series A, General Entomology, 50: 107–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D.S. 1997. Under-sized larvae from short-day adults of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina, side-step the diapause programme. Physiological Entomology, 22: 249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D.S. 2002. Insect clocks, 3rd edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Saunders, D.S., Wheeler, I., and Kerra, A. 1999. Survival and reproduction of small blow flies (Calliphora vicina; Diptera: Calliphoridae) produced in severely overcrowded short-day larval cultures. European Journal of Entomology, 96: 19–22.Google Scholar
Shibata, E. and Togashi, K. 2002. Life and resource utilization of insects living on tree phloem and wood. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 52: 55–57. [In Japanese].Google Scholar
Strong, R.G. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. inclusum . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68: 91–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, R.G. and Mead, D.W. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. simplex . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68: 565–573.Google Scholar
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., and Masaki, S. 1986. Seasonal adaptations of insects. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Togashi, K. 1989a. Development of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in relation to oviposition time. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 33: 1–8. [In Japanese with English summary].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Togashi, K. 1989b. Development of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Pinus thunbergii trees weakened at different times. Journal of Japanese Forest Society, 71: 383–386. [In Japanese with English summary].Google Scholar
Togashi, K. 1991. Different developments of overwintered larvae of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) under a constant temperature. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 59: 149–154.Google Scholar
Togashi, K. 1995. Diapause avoidance for life cycle regulation of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). In International symposium on pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode. Edited by B. Yang, M. Xu, and Y. Wang. Chinese Society of Forestry, Beijing, China. Pp. 119–127.Google Scholar
Togashi, K. 1997. Lifetime fecundity and body size of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) at a constant temperature. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65: 458–470.Google Scholar
Togashi, K. 2014. Effects of larval food shortage on diapause induction and adult traits in Taiwanese Monochamus alternatus alternatus . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 151: 34–42.Google Scholar
Togashi, K., Kasuga, H., Yamashita, H., and Iguchi, K. 2008. Effect of host tree species on larval body size and pupal-chamber tunnel of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 43: 235–240.Google Scholar
Togashi, K. and Magira, H. 1981. Age-specific survival rate and fecundity of the adult Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), at different emergence times. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 16: 351–361.Google Scholar
Togashi, K., Miyauchi, M., Kusumoto, D., and Matsushita, N. 2016. Commensal relation between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) within pine trees. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 51: 53–62.Google Scholar
Tschinkel, W.R. and Willson, C.D. 1971. Inhibition of pupation due to crowding in some tenebrionid beetles. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 176: 137–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuji, H. 1959. Studies on the diapause of the Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner II. The effect of population density on the induction of diapause. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 3: 34–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Välimäki, P., Kivelä, S.M., and Mäenpää, M.I. 2013. Temperature- and density-dependence of diapause induction and its life history correlates in the geometrid moth Chiasmia clathrata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Evolutionary Ecology, 27: 1217–1233.Google Scholar
Wilson, B.G. 1970. Studies on the life history of Trogoderma sternale maderae Beal, 1954 with particular reference to facultative diapause. Ph.D. thesis. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, K. 1987. A study of the subcortical insect community in pine trees. III. Species correlation. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 22: 207–215.Google Scholar