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GROWTH RESPONSES OF SCOTS PINE (PINACEAE) TO ARTIFICIAL AND SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) DEFOLIATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa
Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa
Affiliation:
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre, PO Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland
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Abstract

The influence of defoliation type (artificial versus natural), timing (early versus late), and intensity (25%, 50%, and 75% of needle mass removed) on leader growth of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (Linnaeus), was assessed for 2 years after treatment on an even-aged stand located in southeastern Finland. Trees were defoliated simultaneously, either artificially with a pair of scissors or naturally with larvae of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) and Diprion pini (Linnaeus) for the early- and late-season treatments, respectively. After 1 year, early-season artificial defoliation generally caused greater growth reduction than natural defoliation. Late-season defoliation yielded opposite results. Trees defoliated artificially in early-season treatments were significantly shorter than control trees irrespective of defoliation intensity, whereas those defoliated late in the season did not differ from controls, except at the highest intensity. Trees defoliated by sawflies, either early or late in the season, were significantly shorter than control trees only at the highest defoliation intensity. The pattern of growth loss in the second year appeared similar to that in the first year. The impact of defoliation was either prolonged neutral or negative, as no compensatory responses on height growth in Scots pine were observed. Timing of the treatment in relation to completion of leader growth, differences in defoliation types, alteration of the photosynthetic capacity due to biomass loss, and the functional role of plant parts defoliated may explain the results observed.

Résumé

L’influence du type de défoliation (artificielle ou naturelle), du moment de la défoliation (hâtive ou tardive) et de son intensité (25%, 50%, ou 75% de la masse des aiguilles disparue) sur la croissance des jeunes pousses de pin sylvestre, Pinus sylvestris (Linnée), a été étudiée durant 2 ans dans une forêt d’âge uniforme dans le sud-est de la Finlande. Les arbres ont été défoliés simultanément au moyen d’une paire de ciseaux, ou alors naturellement par des larves de Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) en début de saison et par des larves de Diprion pini (Linnée) (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae) en fin de saison. L’observation après 1 an a révélé que la défoliation artificielle de début de saison entraînait généralement une plus grande réduction de la croissance des bourgeons terminaux que la défoliation naturelle. Inversement, la défoliation de fin de saison donnait les résultats opposés. Les pins soumis à une défoliation artificielle de début de saison étaient généralement plus courts que les pins témoins, indépendamment de l’intensité de leur défoliation, alors que les pins défoliés en fin de saison ne différaient pas des arbres témoins, sauf à la plus haute intensité de défoliation. Les arbres défoliés par les mouches-à-scie, tôt ou tard en saison, étaient significativement plus courts que les pins témoins seulement aux taux les plus élevés de défoliation. La croissance au cours de la seconde année paraît semblable à celle observée au cours de la première année. L’impact de la défoliation a été prolongé, neutre ou négatif, puisqu’aucune réaction de compensation n’a été observée dans la croissance en hauteur des pins étudiés. Le moment du traitement par rapport au stade de croissance des bourgeons terminaux, les différences entre les types de défoliation, la modification de la capacité de photosynthèse par perte de biomasse et le rôle fonctionnel des parties défoliées des arbres peuvent expliquer les résultats obtenus.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 4 , August 1999 , pp. 455 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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